Wiktionary

wa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "wa"

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

wa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Walloon.

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

wa

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. A traditional proa-style outrigger canoe of the Caroline Islands.

Etymology 2 edit

From Thai วา (waa).

Noun edit

wa (plural wa)

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. A Thai unit of length, traditionally comparable to a fathom, and now officially equal to two metres.

Etymology 3 edit

From Japanese 和 (wa).

Noun edit

wa (uncountable)

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. In Japanese society, the favouring of a harmonious community over one's personal interests.

Etymology 4 edit

wa

  1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of where.

Anagrams edit

Afrikaans edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch wagen.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /vɑː/
  • Audio(file)

Noun edit

wa (plural waens, diminutive waentjie)

  1. wagon
  2. cart
  3. automobile, car

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Amele edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

References edit

Anguthimri edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. (Mpakwithi) grey hair

References edit

  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 189

Antillean Creole edit

Etymology edit

From French roi.

Noun edit

wa

  1. king

Atong (India) edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa. Cognate with Garo wa (“tooth, tusk”), Jingpho wa (“tooth”), Burmese သွား (swa:), and Tibetan སོ (so).

Noun edit

wa

  1. tooth, tusk

References edit

Bambara edit

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

wa

  1. final interrogative particle on a yes/no question

Baoule edit

Adverb edit

wa

  1. here

Bassa edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. they, them

Verb edit

wa

  1. to break

References edit

Bau edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

Further reading edit

Butmas-Tur edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

References edit

Canela edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. third-person of xwa

Egyptian edit

Romanization edit

wa

  1. Manuel de Codage transliteration of wꜥ.

Etulo edit

Verb edit

wā

  1. drink
    ḿ wēnî — I drink water
    ḿ wēnī — I drank water

References edit

  • Rose-Juliet Anyanwu, Fundamentals of Phonetics, Phonology and Tonology (2008)

Garo edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa. Cognate with Jingpho wa (“tooth”), Burmese သွား (swa:), and Tibetan སོ (so).

Noun edit

wa

  1. tooth

Gele' edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

German edit

Etymology 1 edit

From dialectal wat (“what”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Particle edit

wa

  1. (colloquial, regional, parts of northern and central Germany) right?; is it?; is it not?
    Synonyms: ne, oder, gell; see also Thesaurus:nicht wahr
    Wir müssen da lang, wa?
    We need to go this way, don't we?

Pronunciation 2 edit

  • IPA(key): /vah/, /vhah/
    • IPA(key): [ʋæh], [ʋhæh] (parts of northern Germany)
Particle edit

wa

  1. (colloquial, potentially rude) what, huh (expresses that something was extremely hard to understand acoustically or outlandish in content)
    Synonyms: hä, hüä; was
Usage notes edit
  • Also spelled wat. Especially common in Hamburg and western Holstein, where dialects traditionally drop final /t/ (especially after fricatives).

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of wir.

Gilbertese edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. pirogue

Gun edit

Etymology edit

Stemming from the possible Proto-Gbe *bá, Proto-Gbe *vá, Proto-Gbe *wá, or Proto-Gbe *ɓá. Cognates include Fon wá, Saxwe Gbe va, Adja va, Ewe va. Possibly also cognates with Yoruba wá, Itsekiri wá, Olukumi wá

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

wá

  1. to come

Haitian Creole edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From French roi (“king”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. king

See also edit

Ifè edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

cognate with Yoruba wá

Pronunciation edit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb edit

wa (wá)

  1. come

Jamaican Creole edit

Etymology edit

Derived from English what.

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

wa

  1. what
    Wa yu se?
    What did you say?

Further reading edit

  • wa at majstro.com

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

wa

  1. Rōmaji transcription of わ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ワ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of は
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ハ
  5. Rōmaji transcription of わっ
  6. Rōmaji transcription of ワッ

Kapampangan edit

Interjection edit

wa

  1. yes
    Antonym: ali

Kashubian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *va.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈva/
  • Syllabification: wa

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. second-person plural pronoun; you

Declension edit

Declension of wa
plural
nominative wa
genitive was, waju
dative wama
accusative was, waju
instrumental wama
locative was, waju

Further reading edit

  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wy”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “wa”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Kituba edit

Verb edit

wa

  1. to hear

Kumeyaay edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. house

Ladino edit

Etymology edit

Probably from Moroccan Arabic ايوه (iwa).

Interjection edit

wa

  1. (Haketia) so (used to introduce a new conversation or topic)

Lingala edit

Verb edit

wa

  1. to die

Lorediakarkar edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

wa (wa5／wa0, Zhuyin ˙ㄨㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哇

wa

  1. Nonstandard spelling of wā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of wá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of wǎ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of wà.

Usage notes edit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Marshallese edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Micronesian *waxa, from Proto-Oceanic *waga, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *waŋka, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *waŋka. Cognate with Maori waka, Tongan vaka, Hawaiian waʻa.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. canoe, ship, boat
  2. vehicle

References edit

Mokilese edit

Verb edit

wa

  1. to carry

Derived terms edit

Muong edit

Etymology edit

From Chinese 花 (MC xwae). Cognate with Vietnamese hoa.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /waː¹/, [waː¹ ~ βaː¹]

Noun edit

wa

  1. (Mường Bi) flower
    Synonym: pông

Northern Ndebele edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

-wa

  1. to fall

Inflection edit

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sotho edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

wa

  1. to fall

Oirata edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. pea, bean

Old English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *wai, from Proto-Indo-European *wai.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

wā

  1. woe! alas! (expression of grief or anguish)

Derived terms edit

Adverb edit

wā

  1. woe, ill

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Middle English: wa, wo, woo

Old Javanese edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah.

Noun edit

wa

  1. ember, glowing coal

Ottawa edit

Pronoun edit

wa anim sg (plural niwi, obviative giwi)

  1. that

References edit

  • Jerry Randolph Valentine (2001) Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, University of Toronto, page 123

Panim edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

Further reading edit

Phuthi edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

-wa

  1. to fall

Inflection edit

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Polonombauk edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

Sa edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

Scots edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old English weall, ultimately from Latin vallum.

Noun edit

wa (plural was)

  1. wall

Verb edit

wa (third-person singular simple present was, present participle wain, simple past wad, past participle wad)

  1. to wall

Shark Bay edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. water

Slovincian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *va.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈva/
  • Syllabification: wa

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. second person dual pronoun you two

Further reading edit

Sotho edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

wa

  1. to fall

Sumerian edit

Romanization edit

wa

  1. Romanization of 𒉿 (wa)

Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

-wa (infinitive kuwa)

  1. to be
    Wewe ni nani? ― Who are you?
  2. (in positive present) to become
    Inakuwa baridi. ― It is getting cold.
  3. (auxiliary) dummy verb that takes tense marking while the main verb takes aspect marking
    nilikuwa ninaandika ― I was writing
  4. (with specified location) stem of -wapo, -wako, or -wamo
  5. (with na or a form thereof) stem of -wa na
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of -wa (irregular)
Positive present -nakuwa
Gnomic ni
Subjunctive -we
Negative si
Imperative singular kuwa
Infinitives
Positive kuwa
Negative kutokuwa
Imperatives
Singular kuwa
Plural kuweni
Tensed forms
Habitual huwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakuwa/nakuwa tunakuwa
2nd person unakuwa mnakuwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuwa wanakuwa
other classes positive subject concord + -nakuwa
Negative present si
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -we)
Singular Plural
1st person niwe tuwe
2nd person uwe muwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awe wawe
other classes positive subject concord + -we
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwa
Gnomic ni
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwa
Consecutive kawa / positive subject concord + -kawa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawe
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liye -lio
m-mi(III/IV) -lio -liyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilo -liyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -licho -livyo
n(IX/X) -liyo -lizo
u(XI) -lio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -liko
pa(XVI) -lipo
mu(XVIII) -limo
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siye -sio
m-mi(III/IV) -sio -siyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -silo -siyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sicho -sivyo
n(IX/X) -siyo -sizo
u(XI) -sio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -siko
pa(XVI) -sipo
mu(XVIII) -simo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwa -okuwa
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwa -yokuwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwa -yokuwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwa -vyokuwa
n(IX/X) -yokuwa -zokuwa
u(XI) -okuwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuwa
pa(XVI) -pokuwa
mu(XVIII) -mokuwa
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Etymology 2 edit

Particle edit

wa

  1. A class inflected form of -a.
  2. Wa class inflected form of -a.

Tagalog edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

wa (Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

  1. shoo; used to drive away pigs and other animals
  2. used to express surprise, dismay, or sometimes a joke
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

wâ (Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

  1. said to make small children and babies laugh (usually said when playing peekaboo)

Etymology 3 edit

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜏ (wa).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

wa (Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter W/w, in the Abakada alphabet.
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) dobolyu

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • “wa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tapayuna edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Northern Jê *ba (“I”) < Proto-Cerrado *waj’ (“I”).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. I (nominative case)

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Northern Jê *mba (“liver”) < Proto-Cerrado *mba (“liver”) < Proto-Jê *mba (“liver”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. liver

Ternate edit

Etymology edit

Shortening of the negation particle ua.

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

wa

  1. sentence-final confirmation particle; isn't it?
    Bira moi rai, wa? ― The rice is already finished, right?
  2. sentence-final that indicates the speaker knows or should know what is being said
    Ngori tonyodi kolano ua, wa. ― I did not see the king, as you know.
    Piring ma riha, wa; ngomi ino misibela romodidi se ngomi.
    We divide the plates (red, as you know) between the two of us.
    (literally, “The plates that are red as you know; we here divided them into two for us.”)

References edit

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Torres Strait Creole edit

Adverb edit

wa

  1. yes

Tsonga edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

wa

  1. to fall

Tswana edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

wa

  1. to fall

Unami edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. this (animate)

See also edit

Unami demonstrative pronouns
Animate Inanimate Obviative
Proximal Singular (near the speaker) wa, wàn, wàni yu, yun, yuni yul, yuli
Distal Singular (far from the speaker) na, nàn, nàni në, nën, nëni
Proximal plural (near the speaker) yuki, yuk yuli, yul nèl
Distal plural (far from the speaker) nèki, nèk nèl
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) distal singular naka
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) distal plural nèl
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) proximal singular waka

Venda edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

wa

  1. to fall

West Flemish edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷod.

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. (interrogative) what

West Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian hwā, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. who (interrogative)
    Wa binne jo?
    Who are you?

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “wa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

wa

  1. (intransitive) to stay
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of wa (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tawa mawa awa
2nd person nawa fawa
3rd person inanimate iwa dawa
animate
imperative nawa, wa fawa, wa

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

wa

  1. also

References edit

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[3], Pacific linguistics

Woleaian edit

Etymology edit

Cognate with Mokilese war (“canoe”)

Noun edit

wa

  1. canoe

Xhosa edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

-wa

  1. (intransitive) to fall

Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yoruba edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Cognate with Igala wa

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

wa

  1. our (first-person plural possessive pronoun)
See also edit
Yoruba possessive pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mi wa
2nd person (r)ẹ yín
3rd person (r)ẹ̀ wọn

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

wà

  1. to be (have a location in space)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

wá

  1. come
    Synonym: bọ̀

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

wá

  1. to look for
Derived terms edit
  • wájà (“look for a fight”)

Etymology 5 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

wà

  1. to drive
Derived terms edit

Zacatepec Chatino edit

Pronoun edit

wa

  1. we (exclusive)

Zarma edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. milk

Zay edit

Etymology edit

Cognate to Silt'e [script needed] (-wa:).

Conjunction edit

wa

  1. and

References edit

  • Initial SLLE Survey of the Zway Area by Klaus Wedekind and Charlotte Wedekind

Zia edit

Noun edit

wa

  1. rain

Zulu edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb edit

-wa

  1. (intransitive) to fall, to drop

Inflection edit

Tone L
Infinitive ukuwa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuwa ukungawi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yiwa -we
Plural yiwani -weni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyawa, ngiwa engiwayo, engiwa ngiwa angiwi engingawi ngingawi
2nd singular uyawa, uwa owayo, owa uwa awuwi ongawi ungawi
1st plural siyawa, siwa esiwayo, esiwa siwa asiwi esingawi singawi
2nd plural niyawa, niwa eniwayo, eniwa niwa aniwi eningawi ningawi
Class 1 uyawa, uwa owayo, owa ewa akawi ongawi engawi
Class 2 bayawa, bawa abawayo, abawa bewa abawi abangawi bengawi
Class 3 uyawa, uwa owayo, owa uwa awuwi ongawi ungawi
Class 4 iyawa, iwa ewayo, ewa iwa ayiwi engawi ingawi
Class 5 liyawa, liwa eliwayo, eliwa liwa aliwi elingawi lingawi
Class 6 ayawa, awa awayo, awa ewa awawi angawi engawi
Class 7 siyawa, siwa esiwayo, esiwa siwa asiwi esingawi singawi
Class 8 ziyawa, ziwa eziwayo, eziwa ziwa aziwi ezingawi zingawi
Class 9 iyawa, iwa ewayo, ewa iwa ayiwi engawi ingawi
Class 10 ziyawa, ziwa eziwayo, eziwa ziwa aziwi ezingawi zingawi
Class 11 luyawa, luwa oluwayo, oluwa luwa aluwi olungawi lungawi
Class 14 buyawa, buwa obuwayo, obuwa buwa abuwi obungawi bungawi
Class 15 kuyawa, kuwa okuwayo, okuwa kuwa akuwi okungawi kungawi
Class 17 kuyawa, kuwa okuwayo, okuwa kuwa akuwi okungawi kungawi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiwile, ngiwē engiwile, engiwē ngiwile, ngiwē angiwanga engingawanga ngingawanga
2nd singular uwile, uwē owile, owē uwile, uwē awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
1st plural siwile, siwē esiwile, esiwē siwile, siwē asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
2nd plural niwile, niwē eniwile, eniwē niwile, niwē aniwanga eningawanga ningawanga
Class 1 uwile, uwē owile, owē ewile, ewē akawanga ongawanga engawanga
Class 2 bawile, bawē abawile, abawē bewile, bewē abawanga abangawanga bengawanga
Class 3 uwile, uwē owile, owē uwile, uwē awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
Class 4 iwile, iwē ewile, ewē iwile, iwē ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 5 liwile, liwē eliwile, eliwē liwile, liwē aliwanga elingawanga lingawanga
Class 6 awile, awē awile, awē ewile, ewē awawanga angawanga engawanga
Class 7 siwile, siwē esiwile, esiwē siwile, siwē asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
Class 8 ziwile, ziwē eziwile, eziwē ziwile, ziwē aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 9 iwile, iwē ewile, ewē iwile, iwē ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 10 ziwile, ziwē eziwile, eziwē ziwile, ziwē aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 11 luwile, luwē oluwile, oluwē luwile, luwē aluwanga olungawanga lungawanga
Class 14 buwile, buwē obuwile, obuwē buwile, buwē abuwanga obungawanga bungawanga
Class 15 kuwile, kuwē okuwile, okuwē kuwile, kuwē akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Class 17 kuwile, kuwē okuwile, okuwē kuwile, kuwē akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāwa engāwa ngāwa angiwanga engingawanga ngingawanga
2nd singular wāwa owāwa wāwa awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
1st plural sāwa esāwa sāwa asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
2nd plural nāwa enāwa nāwa aniwanga eningawanga ningawanga
Class 1 wāwa owāwa āwa akawanga ongawanga engawanga
Class 2 bāwa abāwa bāwa abawanga abangawanga bengawanga
Class 3 wāwa owāwa wāwa awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
Class 4 yāwa eyāwa yāwa ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 5 lāwa elāwa lāwa aliwanga elingawanga lingawanga
Class 6 āwa āwa āwa awawanga angawanga engawanga
Class 7 sāwa esāwa sāwa asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
Class 8 zāwa ezāwa zāwa aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 9 yāwa eyāwa yāwa ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 10 zāwa ezāwa zāwa aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 11 lwāwa olwāwa lwāwa aluwanga olungawanga lungawanga
Class 14 bāwa obāwa bāwa abuwanga obungawanga bungawanga
Class 15 kwāwa okwāwa kwāwa akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Class 17 kwāwa okwāwa kwāwa akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingawa — ngingawa ngingewe — ngingewe
2nd singular ungawa — ungawa ungewe — ungewe
1st plural singawa — singawa singewe — singewe
2nd plural ningawa — ningawa ningewe — ningewe
Class 1 angawa — engawa angewe — engewe
Class 2 bangawa — bengawa bangewe — bengewe
Class 3 ungawa — ungawa ungewe — ungewe
Class 4 ingawa — ingawa ingewe — ingewe
Class 5 lingawa — lingawa lingewe — lingewe
Class 6 angawa — engawa angewe — engewe
Class 7 singawa — singawa singewe — singewe
Class 8 zingawa — zingawa zingewe — zingewe
Class 9 ingawa — ingawa ingewe — ingewe
Class 10 zingawa — zingawa zingewe — zingewe
Class 11 lungawa — lungawa lungewe — lungewe
Class 14 bungawa — bungawa bungewe — bungewe
Class 15 kungawa — kungawa kungewe — kungewe
Class 17 kungawa — kungawa kungewe — kungewe
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokuwa engizokuwa ngizokuwa angizukuwa engingezukuwa ngingezukuwa
2nd singular uzokuwa ozokuwa uzokuwa awuzukuwa ongezukuwa ungezukuwa
1st plural sizokuwa esizokuwa sizokuwa asizukuwa esingezukuwa singezukuwa
2nd plural nizokuwa enizokuwa nizokuwa anizukuwa eningezukuwa ningezukuwa
Class 1 uzokuwa ozokuwa ezokuwa akazukuwa ongezukuwa engezukuwa
Class 2 bazokuwa abazokuwa bezokuwa abazukuwa abangezukuwa bengezukuwa
Class 3 uzokuwa ozokuwa uzokuwa awuzukuwa ongezukuwa ungezukuwa
Class 4 izokuwa ezokuwa izokuwa ayizukuwa engezukuwa ingezukuwa
Class 5 lizokuwa elizokuwa lizokuwa alizukuwa elingezukuwa lingezukuwa
Class 6 azokuwa azokuwa ezokuwa awazukuwa angezukuwa engezukuwa
Class 7 sizokuwa esizokuwa sizokuwa asizukuwa esingezukuwa singezukuwa
Class 8 zizokuwa ezizokuwa zizokuwa azizukuwa ezingezukuwa zingezukuwa
Class 9 izokuwa ezokuwa izokuwa ayizukuwa engezukuwa ingezukuwa
Class 10 zizokuwa ezizokuwa zizokuwa azizukuwa ezingezukuwa zingezukuwa
Class 11 luzokuwa oluzokuwa luzokuwa aluzukuwa olungezukuwa lungezukuwa
Class 14 buzokuwa obuzokuwa buzokuwa abuzukuwa obungezukuwa bungezukuwa
Class 15 kuzokuwa okuzokuwa kuzokuwa akuzukuwa okungezukuwa kungezukuwa
Class 17 kuzokuwa okuzokuwa kuzokuwa akuzukuwa okungezukuwa kungezukuwa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokuwa engiyokuwa ngiyokuwa angiyukuwa engingeyukuwa ngingeyukuwa
2nd singular uyokuwa oyokuwa uyokuwa awuyukuwa ongeyukuwa ungeyukuwa
1st plural siyokuwa esiyokuwa siyokuwa asiyukuwa esingeyukuwa singeyukuwa
2nd plural niyokuwa eniyokuwa niyokuwa aniyukuwa eningeyukuwa ningeyukuwa
Class 1 uyokuwa oyokuwa eyokuwa akayukuwa ongeyukuwa engeyukuwa
Class 2 bayokuwa abayokuwa beyokuwa abayukuwa abangeyukuwa bengeyukuwa
Class 3 uyokuwa oyokuwa uyokuwa awuyukuwa ongeyukuwa ungeyukuwa
Class 4 iyokuwa eyokuwa iyokuwa ayiyukuwa engeyukuwa ingeyukuwa
Class 5 liyokuwa eliyokuwa liyokuwa aliyukuwa elingeyukuwa lingeyukuwa
Class 6 ayokuwa ayokuwa eyokuwa awayukuwa angeyukuwa engeyukuwa
Class 7 siyokuwa esiyokuwa siyokuwa asiyukuwa esingeyukuwa singeyukuwa
Class 8 ziyokuwa eziyokuwa ziyokuwa aziyukuwa ezingeyukuwa zingeyukuwa
Class 9 iyokuwa eyokuwa iyokuwa ayiyukuwa engeyukuwa ingeyukuwa
Class 10 ziyokuwa eziyokuwa ziyokuwa aziyukuwa ezingeyukuwa zingeyukuwa
Class 11 luyokuwa oluyokuwa luyokuwa aluyukuwa olungeyukuwa lungeyukuwa
Class 14 buyokuwa obuyokuwa buyokuwa abuyukuwa obungeyukuwa bungeyukuwa
Class 15 kuyokuwa okuyokuwa kuyokuwa akuyukuwa okungeyukuwa kungeyukuwa
Class 17 kuyokuwa okuyokuwa kuyokuwa akuyukuwa okungeyukuwa kungeyukuwa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngiwe ngingawi
2nd singular uwe ungawi
1st plural siwe singawi
2nd plural niwe ningawi
Class 1 awe angawi
Class 2 bawe bangawi
Class 3 uwe ungawi
Class 4 iwe ingawi
Class 5 liwe lingawi
Class 6 awe angawi
Class 7 siwe singawi
Class 8 ziwe zingawi
Class 9 iwe ingawi
Class 10 ziwe zingawi
Class 11 luwe lungawi
Class 14 buwe bungawi
Class 15 kuwe kungawi
Class 17 kuwe kungawi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngawa ngangawa, angawa, angangawa
2nd singular wawa wangawa, awawa, awangawa
1st plural sawa sangawa, asawa, asangawa
2nd plural nawa nangawa, anawa, anangawa
Class 1 wawa wangawa, akawa, akangawa
Class 2 bawa bangawa, abawa, abangawa
Class 3 wawa wangawa, awawa, awangawa
Class 4 yawa yangawa, ayawa, ayangawa
Class 5 lawa langawa, alawa, alangawa
Class 6 awa angawa, awawa, awangawa
Class 7 sawa sangawa, asawa, asangawa
Class 8 zawa zangawa, azawa, azangawa
Class 9 yawa yangawa, ayawa, ayangawa
Class 10 zawa zangawa, azawa, azangawa
Class 11 lwawa lwangawa, alwawa, alwangawa
Class 14 bawa bangawa, abawa, abangawa
Class 15 kwawa kwangawa, akwawa, akwangawa
Class 17 kwawa kwangawa, akwawa, akwangawa

Derived terms edit

References edit

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