User:Fytcha/gsw/Grammar
< User:Fytcha | gsw
Modern Switzerland Alemannic grammar
editNouns
edit- 3 genders: masculine, feminine, neuter
- 3-4 cases: nominative, accusative, dative, (genitive[nouns 1])
- 2 numbers: singular, plural
- ^ Some localized and nearly extinct dialects in Valais and northern Italy have retained a full genitive case.
More widespread, some dialects have retained an attributive genitive for names and certain nouns designating people, chiefly family member nouns (see w:als:Genitiv#Genitivforme_in_andere_alemannische_Dialäkt for more).
The genitive sometimes also arises in (mostly nonce) calques of German proverbs or idioms where an equivalent dative construction would be (more) awkward (e.g. "ds Tüüfels"[1] < German des Teufels Dank).
Declension
editPlural morphemes
edit- -∅: Hund/Hünd
- -e/-ä/-a: Joor/Joore
- -ene/-änä/-ana/-ine/-inä/-ina: Decki/Deckene
- -er: Wurm/Würmer
- -s: Job/Jobs
Masculine
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Feminine
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Neuter
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Non-free variation: di has to be used if there is another word between the article and the noun, otherwise d has to be used.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 n is very widely used as an intrusive sound in connected speech between two vowels. The d*n variants may be used if the following word starts with a vowel. This insertion is also sometimes written as a freestanding <n> (e.g. "in de n èrschte"[2]), <'n> or <-n-> (e.g. "a de-n-Oore"[3]) or not at all.
Diminutive
edit- Modern Switzerland Alemannic only constructs the diminutive with -li.
- Liechtenstein and Vorarlberg Alemannic use the alternative form -le.
- Diminutives are always neuter.
Pronouns
editComing soon.™
Adjectives
editComing soon.™
Verbs
editComing soon.™