-le
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English -elen, -len, -lien, from Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix).
Cognate with West Frisian -elje, Dutch -elen, German -eln, Danish -le, Swedish -la, Icelandic -la. Compare -er.
SuffixEdit
-le
- A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:
- assle, buzzle, crackle, cuddle, dazzle, draggle, drawl, dribble, drizzle, fumble, gamble, grapple, handle, jostle, kissle, maddle, mingle, nestle, nuzzle, prattle, ramble, rattle, ripple, scribble, sile, sizzle, smartle, sniffle, snuggle, startle, stopple, suckle, tattle, tickle, topple, waggle, whemmle, wiggle, wrestle,
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English -el (adjectival), -le, from Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz and *-ilaz (adjective suffixes). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el.
SuffixEdit
-le
- A suffix forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of "prone to", "tending to", "apt to", "capable of"; compare -ative:
Etymology 3Edit
From Middle English -el (agent suffix), from a combination of two suffixes:
- Old English -el, -il (diminutive suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (diminutive suffix).
- Old English -el, -ol, -ul (agent suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent suffix). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el.
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
- A suffix forming diminutives from other nouns.
- A suffix forming agent nouns from verbs:
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
BasqueEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -tzaile (see usage notes)
SuffixEdit
-le
Usage notesEdit
- It is used with verbs ending in -i preceded by a sibilant or -r(r)-. If the sibilant is an affricate, it is reduced to a fricative.
- For other verbs the alternative form -tzaile is used.
Derived termsEdit
CimbrianEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
- forms diminutives
Derived termsEdit
FinnishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Forms diminutive nouns.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of -le (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -le | -leet | |
genitive | -leen | -leiden -leitten | |
partitive | -letta | -leita | |
illative | -leeseen | -leisiin -leihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -le | -leet | |
accusative | nom. | -le | -leet |
gen. | -leen | ||
genitive | -leen | -leiden -leitten | |
partitive | -letta | -leita | |
inessive | -leessa | -leissa | |
elative | -leesta | -leista | |
illative | -leeseen | -leisiin -leihin | |
adessive | -leella | -leilla | |
ablative | -leelta | -leilta | |
allative | -leelle | -leille | |
essive | -leena | -leina | |
translative | -leeksi | -leiksi | |
instructive | — | -lein | |
abessive | -leetta | -leitta | |
comitative | — | -leineen |
Possessive forms of -le (type hame) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | -leeni | -leemme |
2nd person | -leesi | -leenne |
3rd person | -leensa |
Inflection of -le (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -le | -leet | |
genitive | -leen | -leiden -leitten | |
partitive | -lettä | -leitä | |
illative | -leeseen | -leisiin -leihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -le | -leet | |
accusative | nom. | -le | -leet |
gen. | -leen | ||
genitive | -leen | -leiden -leitten | |
partitive | -lettä | -leitä | |
inessive | -leessä | -leissä | |
elative | -leestä | -leistä | |
illative | -leeseen | -leisiin -leihin | |
adessive | -leellä | -leillä | |
ablative | -leeltä | -leiltä | |
allative | -leelle | -leille | |
essive | -leenä | -leinä | |
translative | -leeksi | -leiksi | |
instructive | — | -lein | |
abessive | -leettä | -leittä | |
comitative | — | -leineen |
Possessive forms of -le (type hame) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | -leeni | -leemme |
2nd person | -leesi | -leenne |
3rd person | -leensä |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the main entry.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
- (dialectal) Alternative form of -lle.
- 1878, J. Krohn, Kertomuksia Suomen Historiasta, →ISBN:
- Keisarilainen sotawoima riensi kaupungile awuksi ja ankara tappelu syttyi sen likellä.
- The imperial military came in haste to aid the town, and violent combat erupted near it.
- 1996, Rosa Liksom, Kreisland, →ISBN:
- Siinä nirppanokkanen kotifrouva istu kiitävässä avoautossa ja sano J. Edgar Hooverin näkselle miehele: »Tämä on unta.»
- There sat a stuck up housewife in a dashing convertible and said to a man that looked like J. Edgar Hoover: "This is a dream."
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German -elīn, -līn, from Old High German -ilī, -ilīn.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
IngrianEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Alternative form of -lee
ItalianEdit
PronounEdit
-le
- (enclitic) Alternative form of le
Usage notesEdit
- Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third plural feminine person and the dative form when the object is third singular feminine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurle (“to introduce them; to insert in her”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -le.
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Alternative form of -el (adjectival suffix)
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Alternative form of -el (diminutive suffix)
Etymology 4Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival”)
Etymology 5Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial”)
MwanEdit
SuffixEdit
-le
- nominalising suffix
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin -ae (“first-declension ending”), with intrusive l.
SuffixEdit
-le
- (plural) -s (feminine/neuter)
Usage notesEdit
- This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in a stressed vowel, or is monosyllabic:
- zile, from zi, fem.
- basmale, from basma, fem.
- cafele, from cafe, fem.
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
Usage notesEdit
This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in -e:
Etymology 3Edit
From Latin illae, nominative feminine plural of ille.
SuffixEdit
-le
- (definite article) the (feminine/neuter plural, nominative and accusative)
Usage notesEdit
This form of the definite article is used for both feminine and neuter plural nouns in the nominative and accusative cases
- amintirile, from amintiri, fem.
- visurile, from visuri, neut.
Note that this suffix is also added to indefinite feminine plurals in -le:
The suffix is also used with feminine plural adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:
- caldele plăcinte, from plăcintele calde (both meaning, "the warm pies")
Related termsEdit
ScotsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English -el, -le, from Old English -el, -ol (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz (adjective suffix).
SuffixEdit
-le
- used for forming adjectives signifying 'having a tendency to' or 'able to'; e.g. forgettle, smittle, fodgle
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-le
Etymology 3Edit
From Middle English -elen, -len, -lien, from Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix).
SuffixEdit
-le
- frequentative or diminutive suffix, added to verbs
- forms adverbs implying direction towards
SwabianEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-le n
- Used to form diminutives.
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / İ / Ö / Ü |
-la | -le |
-le
- Suffix appended to nouns to derive verbs with various meanings.
- alkış (“applause”) + la → alkışlamak (“to applaude”)
- temiz (“clean”) + -le → temizlemek (“to clean”)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From ile.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
preceding vowel | ||
---|---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / İ / Ö / Ü | |
postconsonantal | -la | -le |
postvocalic | -yla | -yle |
-le
- with, shortened form of ile
- by, shortened form of ile
- Okula otobüsle gidiyorum
- I am going to school by bus
- Okula otobüsle gidiyorum
Usage notesEdit
- If it's added to a proper noun, it must be used with an apostrophe.
- Unlike most Turkish suffixes, this suffix is always unstressed; the stress in the combined word remains where it was in the word before suffixing.