em
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Attested since 1808. In typography, the em is named after the em quadrat (later called em quad), from m quadrat, a metal type used in letterpress typesetting, which is as wide as the point size of the font.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
em (plural ems)
- The name of the Latin-script letter M.
- The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.
- 2004 Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, p. 170
- It said, in a whispering, buzzing voice, "Gee-you-ess-ess-ay-dash-em-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-em-eye-en-gee-oh-dash-pee-eye-pee-dash-pee-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-pee-eye-en-gee-oh."
- (typography) A unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
em
- Alternative form of 'em
Etymology 3Edit
Coined by Christine M. Elverson by removing the "th" from them, perhaps influenced by the pre-existing em/'em, now often perceived as apheretic forms of them (though originally unrelated).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
em (third-person singular, gender-neutral, objective case, reflexive emself, possessive adjective eir, possessive pronoun eirs)
- (rare, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, the objective case of ey, equivalent to the singular them and coordinate with him and her.
- 1986 April 1, Spivak, Michael, The Joy of TeX: A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the AMS-TeX macro package[1], Providence: American Mathematical Society, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC Z253.4.T47 S673 1986, page 68:
- If the author uses such notation, it should be up to Em to indicate Eir intentions clearly, but there's no harm checking first.
- 2000, Love, Jane, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in Inman, James A.; Sewell, Donna N., editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work[2], Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Compare um.
PronunciationEdit
InterjectionEdit
em
- (Scotland, Ireland) a form of hesitant speech, or an expression of uncertainty; um; umm; erm
- She was going to, em... the salon, I think.
Etymology 5Edit
NounEdit
em (plural ems)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter М / м.
AnagramsEdit
BislamaEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
em
- Alternative form of hem (“he, she”)
See alsoEdit
singular | dual | trial | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | exclusive | mi | mitufala | mitrifala | mifala |
inclusive | — | yumitu, yumitufala | yumitrifala | yumi | |
2nd person | yu | yutufala | yutrifala | yufala | |
3rd person | neutral | hem, em | tufala | trifala | ol1), olgeta |
collective | — | tugeta | trigeta | — | |
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own. |
ReferencesEdit
- Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 14
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin mē, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
em (proclitic, contracted m', enclitic me, contracted enclitic 'm)
- me (direct or indirect object)
Usage notesEdit
- em is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.
- Em dic… ― My name is… (literally, “I call myself…”)
DeclensionEdit
Central FranconianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
em
- (most dialects) Reduced form of im (“to him”).
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
em
- (most dialects) Reduced form of däm (“to the”).
Usage notesEdit
- The normal reduced form is dem (also spelt d'm). The further reduction is used especially after prepositions.
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
ContractionEdit
em
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
From Old High German umbi
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
em (+ accusative)
Alternative formsEdit
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
em n
- The name of the Latin-script letter M.
Further readingEdit
DaurEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
em
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
em f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter M.
Usage notesEdit
- Multiple Latin names for the letter M, m have been suggested. The most common is em or a syllabic m, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, mē, əm, mə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιμμε (imme).
Coordinate termsEdit
- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
Etymology 2Edit
Fossilised (2nd person singular) imperative of emō.
InterjectionEdit
em
- of wonder or emphasis, there!
ReferencesEdit
- “em”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “em”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- em in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
- to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
- Hannah Rosén (1999). Latine loqui: trends and directions in the crystallization of classical Latin. München: Fink. p. 47
LatvianEdit
PronunciationEdit
(file) |
NounEdit
em m (invariable)
- The Latvian name of the Latin script letter M/m.
See alsoEdit
- Latvian letter names:
LuxembourgishEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
em
- Reduced form of him
DeclensionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
MarshalleseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
em
ReferencesEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-West Germanic *auhaim, from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
em (plural emes)
- uncle (brother of one's parents)
- Synonym: uncle
- (rare) progenitor, forefather
- (rare) nephew (son of one's sibling)
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ēm, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
em
- Alternative form of hem (“them”)
Etymology 3Edit
VerbEdit
em
- Alternative form of am
Northern KurdishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -em
PronounEdit
em (oblique me)
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Old FrisianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *auhaim (“maternal uncle”).
NounEdit
ēm m
- an uncle, mother's brother
InflectionEdit
Old NorseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *immi ("am"; a form of the verb *wesaną (“to be; dwell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with English am, Gothic 𐌹𐌼 (im, “am”), Latin sum (“am”), Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Albanian jam (“I am”), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Latvian esmu (“(I) am”), esam (“we are”).
VerbEdit
em
- I am, first-person of vera (meaning "to be")
Derived termsEdit
Pennsylvania GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
em m (definite)
DeclensionEdit
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | der | die | es | die |
Accusative | der | die | es | die |
Dative | dem | der | em | de |
PronounEdit
em
DeclensionEdit
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|
1st - Singular | ich | mich | mir mer (unstressed) |
2nd - Singular | du de (unstressed) |
dich | dir der (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Masculine | er | ihn en (unstressed) |
ihm em (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Feminine | sie se (unstressed) |
sie se (unstressed) |
ihre re (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Neuter | es | es | ihm em (unstressed) |
1st - Plural | mir mer (unstressed) |
uns | uns |
2nd - Plural | dihr der (unstressed) |
eich | eich |
3rd - Plural | sie | sie | ihne ne (unstressed) |
2nd - Polite | Sie | Sie | Ihne Ne (unstressed) |
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Doublet of in.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
em
- in; inside; within (contained by)
- Estou em minha casa.
- I’m in my house.
- Encontraram umas moedas no baú.
- They found some coins inside the chest.
- on; on top of (located just above the surface of)
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 417:
- Então o sorriso reapareceu em seu rosto [...]
- Then the smile reappeared on his face [...]
- O livro está na mesa.
- The book is on the table.
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 417:
- in; at (located in a location)
- Os soldados estão na Crimeia.
- The soldiers are in Crimea.
- in (part of; a member of)
- Só três jogadores ainda estão nesse time.
- Only three players are still in this team.
- in; into; inside (towards the inside of)
- A água entrou em várias casas.
- The water got into various houses.
- indicates the target of an action
- Quero dar um soco na tua cara.
- I want to punch you in the face.
- Mete um processo neles.
- Shove a lawsuit down their throats.
- in (pertaining to the particular thing)
- Ela não passou em inglês.
- She didn’t pass in English.
- in (immediately after a period of time)
- Entraremos em contato com você em duas semanas.
- We will get in contact with you in two weeks.
- in; during (within a period of time)
- O jornal será publicado no dia cinco.
- The newspaper will be published on the fifth.
- at; in (in a state of)
- Estamos em perigo!
- We’re in danger!
- in (indicates means, medium, format, genre or instrumentality)
- Fomos pagos em moeda estrangeira.
- We were paid in foreign currency.
- in (indicates a language, script, tone etc. of writing, speaking etc.)
- Li um livro em holandês.
- I read a book in Dutch.
- in (wearing)
- A moça em preto.
- The lady in black.
- (slang) indicates that the object deserves a given punishment
- Cadeia nele!
- He should be in jail!
- (literally, “jail on him!”)
Usage notesEdit
When followed by an article, a pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, em is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:
Em + article | Combined form |
---|---|
em + o | no |
em + a | na |
em + os | nos |
em + as | nas |
em + um | num |
em + uma | numa |
em + uns | nuns |
em + umas | numas |
Em + pronoun | Combined form |
---|---|
em + ela | nela |
em + elas | nelas |
em + ele | nele |
em + eles | neles |
Em + dem. pronoun | Combined form |
---|---|
em + aquela | naquela |
em + aquelas | naquelas |
em + aquele | naquele |
em + aqueles | naqueles |
em + aquilo | naquilo |
em + esse | nesse |
em + essa | nessa |
em + esses | nesses |
em + essas | nessas |
em + este | neste |
em + esta | nesta |
em + estes | nestes |
em + estas | nestas |
em + isso | nisso |
em + isto | nisto |
em + outra | noutra |
em + outras | noutras |
em + outro | noutro |
em + outros | noutros |
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:em.
SynonymsEdit
SalarEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Turkmen, Turkish em, Kyrgyz, Tuvan, Southern Altai эм (em), Kazakh ем (em), etc.
NounEdit
em
ReferencesEdit
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “em”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 324
- 张, 进锋 (Ayso Cañ Cinfen) (2008), 乌璐别格 (Ulubeğ), 鄭初陽 (Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ), editors, Salar İbret Sözler 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar Proverbs][5], China Salar Youth League, page 2
ScotsEdit
VerbEdit
em
- (South Scots) emphatic first-person singular simple present of ti be
See alsoEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish هم (hem), from Persian هم (ham).
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
em … em … (Cyrillic spelling ем … ем …)
- not only … but also
- Em me bio em još da mu kažem hvala. ― Not only did he beat me up but he also wanted me to tell him thanks.
SwedishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
em
- pm (indicating hours in the afternoon); abbreviation of eftermiddagen.
Usage notesEdit
- Since the 1960s, Sweden primarily uses the 24 hour clock, making am/pm abbreviations unnecessary and less common
AntonymsEdit
Tok PisinEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
em
- The third person singular pronoun refers to a person or thing other than the speaker or the person being spoken to. Pronouns in Tok Pisin are not inflected for different cases.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Torres Strait CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
em
VepsEdit
VerbEdit
em
VietnameseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(sʔ)iəm; cognate with Pacoh a-em (“younger sibling”).
According to Phan Kế Bính's Việt Nam phong tục (1915), apparently the practice of calling each other anh-em for those in relationship originated from the province of Quảng Nam:
— Vợ chồng con nhà sang trọng, gọi nhau bằng cậu mợ, thầy thông thầy phán thì gọi nhau bằng thầy cô, nhà thường thì gọi nhau bằng anh chị. Có con rồi thì gọi nhau bằng thầy em đẻ em, nhà thô tục thì gọi nhau là bố cu mẹ đĩ, có người thì gọi bố nó mẹ nó, có người cả hai vợ chồng gọi lẫn nhau là nhà ta. Ở Quảng-Nam thì vợ gọi chồng là anh, chồng gọi vợ là em. Ở Nghệ Tĩnh vợ chồng gọi là gấy nhông.
Spouses from wealthy families tend to call each other cậu and mợ; those employed by the government prefer thầy and cô; while in an average household, they call each other anh and chị. Couples with children call each other thầy em [father of the little one] and đẻ em [mother of the little one], while those from low-born families use bố cu and mẹ đĩ; there are also those who say bố nó and mẹ nó and those who both call each other nhà ta. In Quảng Nam, a housewife would call her husband anh and a husband would call his wife em. In Nghệ Tĩnh, "husband and wife" is called gấy nhông.
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛm˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛm˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛm˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
NounEdit
(classifier đứa, thằng, con) em • (㛪, 俺, 腌)
- a younger sibling
- thằng em của em ― my younger brother
- a cousin who is descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to oneself's or one's spouse's (such as a child of a younger sibling of one of one's parents or a grandchild of a younger sibling of one of one's grandparents)
- Synonym: em họ
- - Sao anh lại gọi chú ấy là thầy ? Chú ấy là em của em. Chú ấy cũng là em của anh.
- Anh thấy mình nên tôn trọng cái có trước. Thầy ấy là thầy của anh từ trước khi anh lấy em.- - Why did you call him "teacher"? He's my "younger sibling", meaning he's yours, too.
- I felt like I should respect what comes first. He was my teacher long before we're married.
- - Why did you call him "teacher"? He's my "younger sibling", meaning he's yours, too.
- a person younger than oneself but of the same generation
- (formal) a child or a student
- 2021, Tâm An, “Cận cảnh các em học sinh tiểu học ăn ngủ, sinh hoạt trong khu cách ly tại trường”, in Tuổi trẻ online[6]:
- Cận cảnh các em học sinh tiểu học ăn ngủ, sinh hoạt trong khu cách ly tại trường
- Close-up of primary students living in school quarantine
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:em.
Derived termsEdit
- em gái (㛪𡛔, “younger sister”)
- em trai (俺𤳆, 㛪𤳆, “younger brother”)
PronounEdit
- pronoun used to refer to any person (oneself, the addressee, or any third person) described by the noun em above
- (familiar) pronoun used to refer to younger person of the same generation
- pronoun used to refer to younger siblings or cousins descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to one's own or one's spouse's
- (formal) pronoun used to refer to a child or a student
- Synonym: con
- Viết một đoạn văn ngắn miêu tả một thứ bố em làm cho em.
- Write a short essay describing something your father made for you.
- pronoun used to refer to the girl or woman in a romantic relationship
- (Can we date this quote?), Pushkin, Alexander, Hoàng Thúy Toàn, transl., Tôi yêu em [I Loved You], translation of Я вас любил:
- Tôi yêu em âm thầm, không hi vọng, / Lúc rụt rè, khi hậm hực lòng ghen, / Tôi yêu em, yêu chân thành, đằm thắm, / Cầu em được người tình như tôi đã yêu em.
- I loved you, without words, without hope, / Sometimes I felt shy, sometimes I felt tortured with jealousy, / I loved you, truly and deeply, / I pray you will find someone who loves you as much as I ever did.
Usage notesEdit
Textbooks tend to assume grade schoolers and middle schoolers to be young enough to be called em (literally “little sibling”), but high schoolers to be old enough to be called anh (“big brother”) and chị (“big sister”).
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:em.
AdjectiveEdit
See alsoEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
em f (plural emiau)
- The name of the Latin-script letter M.
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
em | unchanged | unchanged | hem |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See alsoEdit
YolaEdit
PronounEdit
em
- Alternative form of ham (“him”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
- Ich knouth em.
- I know him.
ReferencesEdit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 51