ille
Galician
editVerb
editille
- inflection of illar:
Interlingua
editEtymology
editFrom Latin.
Adjective
editille
Synonyms
editPronoun
editille
Irish
editContraction
editille
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ille”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Latin
editAlternative forms
edit- olle (for the pronoun; archaic)
Etymology
editFrom Old Latin olle (“he, that”) (also ollus, olla), from Proto-Italic *olnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no-s or *h₂l̥-no-s, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Latin uls (“beyond”), alius (“other”), and alter (“the other”); Umbrian ulu (“to that place”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”, literally “in that (year)”).
Initial i- from o- has no parallel case and may be owing to contamination from is, iste and/or due to the palatalizing effect of l exilis.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈil.le/, [ˈɪlːʲɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈil.le/, [ˈilːe]
Determiner
editille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative determiner
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.2.
Pronoun
editille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)
- that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it
- (Late Latin) he, she, it (third-person personal pronoun)
- Late 4th c., Vulgate, Luke 22:38:
- At ille dixit eis: satis est.
- And He said unto them 'It is enough'.
- At ille dixit eis: satis est.
- Late 4th c., Vulgate, Luke 22:38:
Descendants
edit- Aragonese: el, er, ell, ella, era, els, ers, ells, ellas, eras
- Aromanian: el, ea, elj, eali, lui, ljei, lor, ãlj, li, lã, ãl, u
- Asturian: él~elli, ella, ello, ellos, elles, ellas
- Catalan: ell, ella, ells, elles, llur
- Dalmatian: jal, jala, jali, jale, louro
- Franco-Provençal: el, elli, il, elles, lui, lei, lor, li
- Old French: il (M.SG/PL), ele, lei, li, lui, lor, eus
- Friulian: lui, jê, lôr
- Istriot: el, gila, luri
- Italian: egli, ella, lui, lei, loro, lo, la, li, le
- Ladin: ëi, i
- Megleno-Romanian: iel, ieľ
- Neapolitan: lloro, llo/'o, lla, 'a, lle/'e
- Galician: el, ela, eles, elas
- Occitan: el, ela, eles, elas
- Portuguese: ele, ela, eles, elas, o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, lo, la, los, las, no, na, nos, nas
- Romanian: el, ea, ei, ele, lui, ei, lor, îi, le, îl, o
- Romansch: el, ella, els, ellas, lur
- Sicilian: iḍḍu, iḍḍa, iḍḍi
- Spanish: él, ella, ello, ellos, ellas, lo, la, los, las, le, les
- Venetan: eło/elo, eła, ełe, łorec, łori
Article
editille (definite) (Late Latin ?, Early Medieval Latin)
- the
- p. 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 1.1:
- Intereā ambulantēs peruēnimus ad quendam locum ubi sē tamen montēs illī inter quōs ībāmus aperiēbant
- While we were walking, we arrived at a certain place, where the mountains, through which we went, nevertheless were open
- Intereā ambulantēs peruēnimus ad quendam locum ubi sē tamen montēs illī inter quōs ībāmus aperiēbant
- p. 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 1.1:
Descendants
edit- Aromanian: -lu, -a
- Asturian: el, la, lo, los, les, las
- Aragonese: o, lo, ro, el, a, ra, la, os, ros, los, els, ers, es, as, ras, las, les
- Bourguignon: lou
- Catalan: el, lo, la, els, los, les
- Champenois: lou
- Dalmatian: el, la, i, le
- Franco-Provençal: lo, la, los, les
- Friulian: il, la, i, lis
- Galician: o, a, os, as
- Istriot: el, la
- Italian: il, lo, la, i, gli, le
- Ladin: l, la, i
- Neapolitan: llo/'o, lla/'a, lle/'e
- Occitan: lo, la, los, las
- Old French: li (M.SG/PL.NOM article), le (M.SG.OBL), la (F.SG), les (PL), lu (Norman variant of le), lo (eastern variant of le)
- Portuguese: o, a, os, as
- Romanian: -l, -ul, -a, -ua, -i, -le, -lui, -ei, -lor
- Romansch: il, la, ils, las
- Sicilian: lu, la, li
- Spanish: el, la, lo, los, las
- Venetan: el, ła, i, łe
Usage notes
edit- This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, away from both speaker and listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and iste (“this/that”), which refers to people or things near the listener.
- As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function. In Vulgar latin, ille weakened its meaning and frequently came to mean merely "the" (as a determiner) or "he/she/it" (as a pronoun). This is in fact the origin of French le (“the”) and il (“he”), Spanish el (“the”) and él (“he”), etc. The original meaning of a far demonstrative was maintained when augmented with ecce or eccum, cf. Italian quello, Spanish aquel, Old French cel.
- In Classical usage, ille can have a secondary, appreciative function of casting the referent in a positive light: ille homō can mean "that (famous/renowned) man". The opposite, pejorative function is assumed by iste, and iste homō frequently means "that (no good) man". Such functions were not present in Vulgar Latin, and iste came to mean "this" (cf. Spanish este, Portuguese este).
Declension
editDemonstrative pronoun (pronominal).
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | ille | illa | illud | illī | illae | illa | |
genitive | illī̆us | illōrum | illārum | illōrum | |||
dative | illī | illīs | |||||
accusative | illum | illam | illud | illōs | illās | illa | |
ablative | illō | illā | illō | illīs |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ille in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
- a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
- hence these tears; there's the rub: hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61)
- what will become of him: quid illo fiet?
- I console myself with..: hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor
- the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
- for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
- those views are out of date: illae sententiae evanuerunt
- those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
- Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
- he possesses sound judgment in matters of taste: elegantia in illo est
- there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
- that Greek proverb contains an excellent lesson: bene illo Graecorum proverbio praecipitur
- my relations with him are most hospitable: mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit
- the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
- this much he said: haec (quidem) ille
- this passage is obscure: hic (ille) locus obscurus est
- (ambiguous) I console myself with..: haec (illa) res me consolatur
- (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas Platonis commenticia
- (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 298
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse illr, from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editille (plural and weak singular ille, comparative worse, superlative worst)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “il(le, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology 1
editFrom Danish ilde. The form ille introduced into Riksmål in 1907, but the form ilde was still used at least until 1919 (e.g. by Kristian Elster).
Adjective
editille (indeclinable, comparative verre, indefinite superlative verst, definite superlative verste)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editille
Derived terms
editReferences
editNorwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology 1
editFrom the Old Norse adverb illa.
Adverb
editille
Derived terms
editAdjective
editille
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
edit- illa (a-infinitive)
Verb
editille (present tense illar, past tense illa, past participle illa, passive infinitive illast, present participle illande, imperative ille/ill)
- (transitive) to blame, think badly of
- (transitive) to anger
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
editille
References
edit- “ille” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Sidamo
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Cushitic *ʔil-. Cognates include Burji illa, Hadiyya ille, Kambaata ille and Oromo ija.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editille f (plural illuwa f)
References
edit- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 544
Tatar
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Turkish elli, Bashkir илле (ille)
Numeral
editille (Cyrillic spelling илле)
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Interlingua terms derived from Latin
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua adjectives
- Interlingua pronouns
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish contractions
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (other)
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Old Latin
- Latin doublets
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin determiners
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- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin pronouns
- Latin demonstrative pronouns
- Late Latin
- Latin articles
- Medieval Latin
- Early Medieval Latin
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse
- Middle English terms derived from Old Norse
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål adverbs
- Norwegian Bokmål dialectal terms
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk adverbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk dialectal terms
- Norwegian Nynorsk adjectives
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk transitive verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
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- Sidamo terms inherited from Proto-Cushitic
- Sidamo terms derived from Proto-Cushitic
- Sidamo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sidamo lemmas
- Sidamo nouns
- Sidamo feminine nouns
- sid:Face
- Tatar lemmas
- Tatar numerals
- Tatar cardinal numbers