ille
InterlinguaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin.
AdjectiveEdit
ille
SynonymsEdit
PronounEdit
ille
IrishEdit
ContractionEdit
ille
- Contraction of i leith.
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ille”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- olle (for the pronoun; archaic)
EtymologyEdit
From Old Latin olle (“he, that”) (also ollus, olla), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no- or *h₂l̥-no-, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Latin uls (“beyond”), alius (“other”), and alter (“the other”); Umbrian ulu (“to that place”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”, literally “in that (year)”).
Initial i- from o- has no parallel case and may be owing to contamination from is, iste or due to the palatalizing effect of l exilis.
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈil.le/, [ˈɪlːʲɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈil.le/, [ˈilːe]
Audio (Ecclesiastical) (file)
DeterminerEdit
ille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.2.
PronounEdit
ille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)
- that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it
- (Late Latin) he, she, it (third-person personal pronoun)
- Late 4th c., Vulgate, Luke 22:38:
- At ille dixit eis: satis est.
- And He said unto them 'It is enough'.
- At ille dixit eis: satis est.
- Late 4th c., Vulgate, Luke 22:38:
DescendantsEdit
- Aragonese: el, er, ell, ella, era, els, ers, ells, ellas, eras
- Aromanian: el, ea, elj, eali, lui, ljei, lor, ãlj, li, lã, ãl, u
- Asturian: él~elli, ella, ello, ellos, elles, ellas
- Catalan: ell, ella, ells, elles, llur
- Dalmatian: jal, jala, jali, jale, louro
- Franco-Provençal: il, ele, ils, eles, lui, lyé, lor, li
- Old French: il (M.SG/PL), ele, lei, li, lui, lor, eus
- Friulian: lui, jê, lôr
- Istriot: el, gila, luri
- Italian: egli, ella, lui, lei, loro, lo, la, li, le
- Ladin: ëi, i
- Megleno-Romanian: iel, ieľ
- Neapolitan: lloro, llo/'o, lla, 'a, lle/'e
- Galician: el, ela, eles, elas
- Occitan: el, ela, eles, elas
- Portuguese: ele, ela, eles, elas, o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, lo, la, los, las, no, na, nos, nas
- Romanian: el, ea, ei, ele, lui, ei, lor, îi, le, îl, o
- Romansch: el, ella, els, ellas, lur
- Sicilian: iddu, idda, iddi
- Spanish: él, ella, ello, ellos, ellas, lo, la, los, las, le, les
- Venetian: eło/elo, eła, ełe, łorec, łori
ArticleEdit
ille (definite)
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, Vulgar Latin) the
- p. 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 1.1:
- Intereā ambulantēs peruēnimus ad quendam locum ubi sē tamen montēs illī inter quōs ībāmus aperiēbant
- While we were walking, we arrived at a certain place, where the mountains, through which we went, nevertheless were open
- Intereā ambulantēs peruēnimus ad quendam locum ubi sē tamen montēs illī inter quōs ībāmus aperiēbant
- p. 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 1.1:
DescendantsEdit
- Aromanian: -lu, -a
- Asturian: el, la, lo, los, les, las
- Aragonese: o, lo, ro, el, a, ra, la, os, ros, los, els, ers, es, as, ras, las, les
- Bourguignon: lou
- Catalan: el, lo, la, els, los, les
- Champenois: lou
- Dalmatian: el, la, i, le
- Franco-Provençal: lo, la, los, les
- Old French: li (M.SG/PL.NOM article), le (M.SG.OBL), la (F.SG), les (PL), lu (Norman variant of le), lo (eastern variant of le)
- Friulian: il, la, i, lis
- Galician: o, a, os, as
- Istriot: el, la
- Italian: il, lo, la, i, gli, le
- Ladin: l, la, i
- Neapolitan: llo/'o, lla/'a, lle/'e
- Occitan: lo, la, los, las
- Old French: li, la, les
- Portuguese: o, a, os, as
- Romanian: -l, -ul, -a, -ua, -i, -le, -lui, -ei, -lor
- Romansch: il, la, ils, las
- Sicilian: lu, la, li
- Spanish: el, la, lo, los, las
- Venetian: el, ła, i, łe
Usage notesEdit
- This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, away from both speaker and listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and iste (“this/that”), which refers to people or things near the listener.
- As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function. In Vulgar latin, ille weakened its meaning and frequently came to mean merely "the" (as a determiner) or "he/she/it" (as a pronoun). This is in fact the origin of French le (“the”) and il (“he”), Spanish el (“the”) and él (“he”), etc. The original meaning of a far demonstrative was maintained when augmented with ecce or eccum, cf. Italian quello, Spanish aquel, Old French cel.
- In Classical usage, ille can have a secondary, appreciative function of casting the referent in a positive light: ille homō can mean "that (famous/renowned) man". The opposite, pejorative function is assumed by iste, and iste homō frequently means "that (no good) man". Such functions were not present in Vulgar Latin, and iste came to mean "this" (cf. Spanish este, Portuguese este).
DeclensionEdit
Demonstrative pronoun (pronominal).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | ille | illa | illud | illī | illae | illa | |
| Genitive | illī̆us | illōrum | illārum | illōrum | |||
| Dative | illī | illīs | |||||
| Accusative | illum | illam | illud | illōs | illās | illa | |
| Ablative | illō | illā | illō | illīs | |||
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ille in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
- a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
- hence these tears; there's the rub: hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61)
- what will become of him: quid illo fiet?
- I console myself with..: hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor
- the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
- for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
- those views are out of date: illae sententiae evanuerunt
- those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
- Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
- he possesses sound judgment in matters of taste: elegantia in illo est
- there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
- that Greek proverb contains an excellent lesson: bene illo Graecorum proverbio praecipitur
- my relations with him are most hospitable: mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit
- the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
- this much he said: haec (quidem) ille
- this passage is obscure: hic (ille) locus obscurus est
- (ambiguous) I console myself with..: haec (illa) res me consolatur
- (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas Platonis commenticia
- (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse illr, from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
ille
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “il(le, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Danish ilde. The form ille introduced into Riksmål in 1907, but the form ilde was still used at least until 1919 (e.g. by Kristian Elster).
AdjectiveEdit
ille (indeclinable, comparative verre, indefinite superlative verst, definite superlative verste)
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ille
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the Old Norse adverb illa.
AdverbEdit
ille
Derived termsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
ille
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
- illa (a-infinitive)
VerbEdit
ille (present tense illar, past tense illa, past participle illa, passive infinitive illast, present participle illande, imperative ille/ill)
- (transitive) to blame, think badly of
- (transitive) to anger
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
AdjectiveEdit
ille
ReferencesEdit
- “ille” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
SidamoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Cushitic *ʔil-. Cognates include Burji illa, Hadiyya ille, Kambaata ille and Oromo ija.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ille f (plural illuwa f)
ReferencesEdit
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 544
TatarEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Turkish elli, Bashkir илле (ille)
NumeralEdit
ille (Cyrillic spelling илле)