Tone unknown
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukudela
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukudela
|
ukungadeli
|
---|
|
Imperative
|
---|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
---|
Singular
|
dela
|
-dele
|
---|
Plural
|
delani
|
-deleni
|
---|
|
Present
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyadela, ngidela
|
engidelayo, engidela
|
ngidela
|
angideli
|
engingadeli
|
ngingadeli
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyadela, udela
|
odelayo, odela
|
udela
|
awudeli
|
ongadeli
|
ungadeli
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyadela, sidela
|
esidelayo, esidela
|
sidela
|
asideli
|
esingadeli
|
singadeli
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyadela, nidela
|
enidelayo, enidela
|
nidela
|
anideli
|
eningadeli
|
ningadeli
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyadela, udela
|
odelayo, odela
|
edela
|
akadeli
|
ongadeli
|
engadeli
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayadela, badela
|
abadelayo, abadela
|
bedela
|
abadeli
|
abangadeli
|
bengadeli
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyadela, udela
|
odelayo, odela
|
udela
|
awudeli
|
ongadeli
|
ungadeli
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyadela, idela
|
edelayo, edela
|
idela
|
ayideli
|
engadeli
|
ingadeli
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyadela, lidela
|
elidelayo, elidela
|
lidela
|
alideli
|
elingadeli
|
lingadeli
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayadela, adela
|
adelayo, adela
|
edela
|
awadeli
|
angadeli
|
engadeli
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyadela, sidela
|
esidelayo, esidela
|
sidela
|
asideli
|
esingadeli
|
singadeli
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyadela, zidela
|
ezidelayo, ezidela
|
zidela
|
azideli
|
ezingadeli
|
zingadeli
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyadela, idela
|
edelayo, edela
|
idela
|
ayideli
|
engadeli
|
ingadeli
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyadela, zidela
|
ezidelayo, ezidela
|
zidela
|
azideli
|
ezingadeli
|
zingadeli
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyadela, ludela
|
oludelayo, oludela
|
ludela
|
aludeli
|
olungadeli
|
lungadeli
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyadela, budela
|
obudelayo, obudela
|
budela
|
abudeli
|
obungadeli
|
bungadeli
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyadela, kudela
|
okudelayo, okudela
|
kudela
|
akudeli
|
okungadeli
|
kungadeli
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyadela, kudela
|
okudelayo, okudela
|
kudela
|
akudeli
|
okungadeli
|
kungadeli
|
---|
|
Recent past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngidelile, ngidelē
|
engidelile, engidelē
|
ngidelile, ngidelē
|
angidelanga
|
engingadelanga
|
ngingadelanga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
udelile, udelē
|
odelile, odelē
|
udelile, udelē
|
awudelanga
|
ongadelanga
|
ungadelanga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sidelile, sidelē
|
esidelile, esidelē
|
sidelile, sidelē
|
asidelanga
|
esingadelanga
|
singadelanga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nidelile, nidelē
|
enidelile, enidelē
|
nidelile, nidelē
|
anidelanga
|
eningadelanga
|
ningadelanga
|
---|
Class 1
|
udelile, udelē
|
odelile, odelē
|
edelile, edelē
|
akadelanga
|
ongadelanga
|
engadelanga
|
---|
Class 2
|
badelile, badelē
|
abadelile, abadelē
|
bedelile, bedelē
|
abadelanga
|
abangadelanga
|
bengadelanga
|
---|
Class 3
|
udelile, udelē
|
odelile, odelē
|
udelile, udelē
|
awudelanga
|
ongadelanga
|
ungadelanga
|
---|
Class 4
|
idelile, idelē
|
edelile, edelē
|
idelile, idelē
|
ayidelanga
|
engadelanga
|
ingadelanga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lidelile, lidelē
|
elidelile, elidelē
|
lidelile, lidelē
|
alidelanga
|
elingadelanga
|
lingadelanga
|
---|
Class 6
|
adelile, adelē
|
adelile, adelē
|
edelile, edelē
|
awadelanga
|
angadelanga
|
engadelanga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sidelile, sidelē
|
esidelile, esidelē
|
sidelile, sidelē
|
asidelanga
|
esingadelanga
|
singadelanga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zidelile, zidelē
|
ezidelile, ezidelē
|
zidelile, zidelē
|
azidelanga
|
ezingadelanga
|
zingadelanga
|
---|
Class 9
|
idelile, idelē
|
edelile, edelē
|
idelile, idelē
|
ayidelanga
|
engadelanga
|
ingadelanga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zidelile, zidelē
|
ezidelile, ezidelē
|
zidelile, zidelē
|
azidelanga
|
ezingadelanga
|
zingadelanga
|
---|
Class 11
|
ludelile, ludelē
|
oludelile, oludelē
|
ludelile, ludelē
|
aludelanga
|
olungadelanga
|
lungadelanga
|
---|
Class 14
|
budelile, budelē
|
obudelile, obudelē
|
budelile, budelē
|
abudelanga
|
obungadelanga
|
bungadelanga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kudelile, kudelē
|
okudelile, okudelē
|
kudelile, kudelē
|
akudelanga
|
okungadelanga
|
kungadelanga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kudelile, kudelē
|
okudelile, okudelē
|
kudelile, kudelē
|
akudelanga
|
okungadelanga
|
kungadelanga
|
---|
|
Remote past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngādela
|
engādela
|
ngādela
|
angidelanga
|
engingadelanga
|
ngingadelanga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wādela
|
owādela
|
wādela
|
awudelanga
|
ongadelanga
|
ungadelanga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sādela
|
esādela
|
sādela
|
asidelanga
|
esingadelanga
|
singadelanga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nādela
|
enādela
|
nādela
|
anidelanga
|
eningadelanga
|
ningadelanga
|
---|
Class 1
|
wādela
|
owādela
|
ādela
|
akadelanga
|
ongadelanga
|
engadelanga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bādela
|
abādela
|
bādela
|
abadelanga
|
abangadelanga
|
bengadelanga
|
---|
Class 3
|
wādela
|
owādela
|
wādela
|
awudelanga
|
ongadelanga
|
ungadelanga
|
---|
Class 4
|
yādela
|
eyādela
|
yādela
|
ayidelanga
|
engadelanga
|
ingadelanga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lādela
|
elādela
|
lādela
|
alidelanga
|
elingadelanga
|
lingadelanga
|
---|
Class 6
|
ādela
|
ādela
|
ādela
|
awadelanga
|
angadelanga
|
engadelanga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sādela
|
esādela
|
sādela
|
asidelanga
|
esingadelanga
|
singadelanga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zādela
|
ezādela
|
zādela
|
azidelanga
|
ezingadelanga
|
zingadelanga
|
---|
Class 9
|
yādela
|
eyādela
|
yādela
|
ayidelanga
|
engadelanga
|
ingadelanga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zādela
|
ezādela
|
zādela
|
azidelanga
|
ezingadelanga
|
zingadelanga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwādela
|
olwādela
|
lwādela
|
aludelanga
|
olungadelanga
|
lungadelanga
|
---|
Class 14
|
bādela
|
obādela
|
bādela
|
abudelanga
|
obungadelanga
|
bungadelanga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwādela
|
okwādela
|
kwādela
|
akudelanga
|
okungadelanga
|
kungadelanga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwādela
|
okwādela
|
kwādela
|
akudelanga
|
okungadelanga
|
kungadelanga
|
---|
|
Potential
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngingadela
|
—
|
ngingadela
|
ngingedele
|
—
|
ngingedele
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ungadela
|
—
|
ungadela
|
ungedele
|
—
|
ungedele
|
---|
1st plural
|
singadela
|
—
|
singadela
|
singedele
|
—
|
singedele
|
---|
2nd plural
|
ningadela
|
—
|
ningadela
|
ningedele
|
—
|
ningedele
|
---|
Class 1
|
angadela
|
—
|
engadela
|
angedele
|
—
|
engedele
|
---|
Class 2
|
bangadela
|
—
|
bengadela
|
bangedele
|
—
|
bengedele
|
---|
Class 3
|
ungadela
|
—
|
ungadela
|
ungedele
|
—
|
ungedele
|
---|
Class 4
|
ingadela
|
—
|
ingadela
|
ingedele
|
—
|
ingedele
|
---|
Class 5
|
lingadela
|
—
|
lingadela
|
lingedele
|
—
|
lingedele
|
---|
Class 6
|
angadela
|
—
|
engadela
|
angedele
|
—
|
engedele
|
---|
Class 7
|
singadela
|
—
|
singadela
|
singedele
|
—
|
singedele
|
---|
Class 8
|
zingadela
|
—
|
zingadela
|
zingedele
|
—
|
zingedele
|
---|
Class 9
|
ingadela
|
—
|
ingadela
|
ingedele
|
—
|
ingedele
|
---|
Class 10
|
zingadela
|
—
|
zingadela
|
zingedele
|
—
|
zingedele
|
---|
Class 11
|
lungadela
|
—
|
lungadela
|
lungedele
|
—
|
lungedele
|
---|
Class 14
|
bungadela
|
—
|
bungadela
|
bungedele
|
—
|
bungedele
|
---|
Class 15
|
kungadela
|
—
|
kungadela
|
kungedele
|
—
|
kungedele
|
---|
Class 17
|
kungadela
|
—
|
kungadela
|
kungedele
|
—
|
kungedele
|
---|
|
Immediate future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngizodela
|
engizodela
|
ngizodela
|
angizudela
|
engingezudela
|
ngingezudela
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uzodela
|
ozodela
|
uzodela
|
awuzudela
|
ongezudela
|
ungezudela
|
---|
1st plural
|
sizodela
|
esizodela
|
sizodela
|
asizudela
|
esingezudela
|
singezudela
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nizodela
|
enizodela
|
nizodela
|
anizudela
|
eningezudela
|
ningezudela
|
---|
Class 1
|
uzodela
|
ozodela
|
ezodela
|
akazudela
|
ongezudela
|
engezudela
|
---|
Class 2
|
bazodela
|
abazodela
|
bezodela
|
abazudela
|
abangezudela
|
bengezudela
|
---|
Class 3
|
uzodela
|
ozodela
|
uzodela
|
awuzudela
|
ongezudela
|
ungezudela
|
---|
Class 4
|
izodela
|
ezodela
|
izodela
|
ayizudela
|
engezudela
|
ingezudela
|
---|
Class 5
|
lizodela
|
elizodela
|
lizodela
|
alizudela
|
elingezudela
|
lingezudela
|
---|
Class 6
|
azodela
|
azodela
|
ezodela
|
awazudela
|
angezudela
|
engezudela
|
---|
Class 7
|
sizodela
|
esizodela
|
sizodela
|
asizudela
|
esingezudela
|
singezudela
|
---|
Class 8
|
zizodela
|
ezizodela
|
zizodela
|
azizudela
|
ezingezudela
|
zingezudela
|
---|
Class 9
|
izodela
|
ezodela
|
izodela
|
ayizudela
|
engezudela
|
ingezudela
|
---|
Class 10
|
zizodela
|
ezizodela
|
zizodela
|
azizudela
|
ezingezudela
|
zingezudela
|
---|
Class 11
|
luzodela
|
oluzodela
|
luzodela
|
aluzudela
|
olungezudela
|
lungezudela
|
---|
Class 14
|
buzodela
|
obuzodela
|
buzodela
|
abuzudela
|
obungezudela
|
bungezudela
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuzodela
|
okuzodela
|
kuzodela
|
akuzudela
|
okungezudela
|
kungezudela
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuzodela
|
okuzodela
|
kuzodela
|
akuzudela
|
okungezudela
|
kungezudela
|
---|
|
Remote future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyodela
|
engiyodela
|
ngiyodela
|
angiyudela
|
engingeyudela
|
ngingeyudela
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyodela
|
oyodela
|
uyodela
|
awuyudela
|
ongeyudela
|
ungeyudela
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyodela
|
esiyodela
|
siyodela
|
asiyudela
|
esingeyudela
|
singeyudela
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyodela
|
eniyodela
|
niyodela
|
aniyudela
|
eningeyudela
|
ningeyudela
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyodela
|
oyodela
|
eyodela
|
akayudela
|
ongeyudela
|
engeyudela
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayodela
|
abayodela
|
beyodela
|
abayudela
|
abangeyudela
|
bengeyudela
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyodela
|
oyodela
|
uyodela
|
awuyudela
|
ongeyudela
|
ungeyudela
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyodela
|
eyodela
|
iyodela
|
ayiyudela
|
engeyudela
|
ingeyudela
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyodela
|
eliyodela
|
liyodela
|
aliyudela
|
elingeyudela
|
lingeyudela
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayodela
|
ayodela
|
eyodela
|
awayudela
|
angeyudela
|
engeyudela
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyodela
|
esiyodela
|
siyodela
|
asiyudela
|
esingeyudela
|
singeyudela
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyodela
|
eziyodela
|
ziyodela
|
aziyudela
|
ezingeyudela
|
zingeyudela
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyodela
|
eyodela
|
iyodela
|
ayiyudela
|
engeyudela
|
ingeyudela
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyodela
|
eziyodela
|
ziyodela
|
aziyudela
|
ezingeyudela
|
zingeyudela
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyodela
|
oluyodela
|
luyodela
|
aluyudela
|
olungeyudela
|
lungeyudela
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyodela
|
obuyodela
|
buyodela
|
abuyudela
|
obungeyudela
|
bungeyudela
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyodela
|
okuyodela
|
kuyodela
|
akuyudela
|
okungeyudela
|
kungeyudela
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyodela
|
okuyodela
|
kuyodela
|
akuyudela
|
okungeyudela
|
kungeyudela
|
---|
|
Present subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngidele
|
ngingadeli
|
---|
2nd singular
|
udele
|
ungadeli
|
---|
1st plural
|
sidele
|
singadeli
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nidele
|
ningadeli
|
---|
Class 1
|
adele
|
angadeli
|
---|
Class 2
|
badele
|
bangadeli
|
---|
Class 3
|
udele
|
ungadeli
|
---|
Class 4
|
idele
|
ingadeli
|
---|
Class 5
|
lidele
|
lingadeli
|
---|
Class 6
|
adele
|
angadeli
|
---|
Class 7
|
sidele
|
singadeli
|
---|
Class 8
|
zidele
|
zingadeli
|
---|
Class 9
|
idele
|
ingadeli
|
---|
Class 10
|
zidele
|
zingadeli
|
---|
Class 11
|
ludele
|
lungadeli
|
---|
Class 14
|
budele
|
bungadeli
|
---|
Class 15
|
kudele
|
kungadeli
|
---|
Class 17
|
kudele
|
kungadeli
|
---|
|
Past subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngadela
|
ngangadela, angadela, angangadela
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wadela
|
wangadela, awadela, awangadela
|
---|
1st plural
|
sadela
|
sangadela, asadela, asangadela
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nadela
|
nangadela, anadela, anangadela
|
---|
Class 1
|
wadela
|
wangadela, akadela, akangadela
|
---|
Class 2
|
badela
|
bangadela, abadela, abangadela
|
---|
Class 3
|
wadela
|
wangadela, awadela, awangadela
|
---|
Class 4
|
yadela
|
yangadela, ayadela, ayangadela
|
---|
Class 5
|
ladela
|
langadela, aladela, alangadela
|
---|
Class 6
|
adela
|
angadela, awadela, awangadela
|
---|
Class 7
|
sadela
|
sangadela, asadela, asangadela
|
---|
Class 8
|
zadela
|
zangadela, azadela, azangadela
|
---|
Class 9
|
yadela
|
yangadela, ayadela, ayangadela
|
---|
Class 10
|
zadela
|
zangadela, azadela, azangadela
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwadela
|
lwangadela, alwadela, alwangadela
|
---|
Class 14
|
badela
|
bangadela, abadela, abangadela
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwadela
|
kwangadela, akwadela, akwangadela
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwadela
|
kwangadela, akwadela, akwangadela
|
---|