dire
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin dīrus (“fearful, ominous”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
dire (comparative direr or more dire, superlative direst or most dire)
- Warning of bad consequences: ill-boding; portentous.
- dire omens
- Requiring action to prevent bad consequences: urgent, pressing.
- dire need
- 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:
- One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. […] But out of sight is out of mind. And that, together with the inherent yuckiness of the subject, means that many old sewers have been neglected and are in dire need of repair.
- Expressing bad consequences: dreadful; dismal.
- dire consequences; to be in dire straits
- Synonyms: horrible, terrible, lamentable
- 2019 August 30, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, in The Guardian[1]:
- Cristiana Paşca Palmer, the executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, said the destruction of the world’s biggest rainforest was a grim reminder that a fresh approach needed to stabilise the climate and prevent ecosystems from declining to a point of no return, with dire consequences for humanity.
- (informal) Bad in quality, awful, terrible.
- 2011 December 10, Arindam Rej, “Norwich 4-2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:
- A second Norwich goal in four minutes arrived after some dire Newcastle defending. Gosling gave the ball away with a sloppy back-pass, allowing Crofts to curl in a cross that the unmarked Morison powered in with a firm, 12-yard header.
- His dire mistake allowed her to checkmate him with her next move.
QuotationsEdit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:dire.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dire
- (Northern Catalan, Alghero) Alternative form of dir
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Middle French dire, from Old French dire, from Latin dīcō, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dire
- to say, to tell
- (informal) to be of interest to, to interest [+ à (someone)]
- Ça te dit de regarder un film de science-fiction? ― Do you want to watch a science fiction movie? What do you say to watching a science fiction movie?
- Ça vous dit ? ― Are you interested [in doing this]? Are you up [for it]?
- Il m'a demandé si ça nous dirait de nous joindre à eux plus tard. ― He asked me if we'd like to join them later.
- Ça ne me dit trop rien d'y aller. ― I don't really want to go [there].
- (informal) to sound familiar [+ à (someone)]
- Ça me dit quelque chose. ― It rings a bell.
- Ça ne me dit rien. ― It doesn't ring a bell.
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | simple | dire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | disant /di.zɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | dit /di/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | dis /di/ |
dis /di/ |
dit /di/ |
disons /di.zɔ̃/ |
dites /dit/ |
disent /diz/ |
imperfect | disais /di.zɛ/ |
disais /di.zɛ/ |
disait /di.zɛ/ |
disions /di.zjɔ̃/ |
disiez /di.zje/ |
disaient /di.zɛ/ | |
past historic2 | dis /di/ |
dis /di/ |
dit /di/ |
dîmes /dim/ |
dîtes /dit/ |
dirent /diʁ/ | |
future | dirai /di.ʁe/ |
diras /di.ʁa/ |
dira /di.ʁa/ |
dirons /di.ʁɔ̃/ |
direz /di.ʁe/ |
diront /di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | dirais /di.ʁɛ/ |
dirais /di.ʁɛ/ |
dirait /di.ʁɛ/ |
dirions /di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
diriez /di.ʁje/ |
diraient /di.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | dise /diz/ |
dises /diz/ |
dise /diz/ |
disions /di.zjɔ̃/ |
disiez /di.zje/ |
disent /diz/ |
imperfect2 | disse /dis/ |
disses /dis/ |
dît /di/ |
dissions /di.sjɔ̃/ |
dissiez /di.sje/ |
dissent /dis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | dis /di/ |
— | disons /di.zɔ̃/ |
dites /dit/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived termsEdit
- à ce qu'on dit
- à dire la vérité
- à qui le dis-tu
- à qui le dites-vous
- à vrai dire
- aller sans dire
- au dire de
- aussitôt dit, aussitôt fait
- autrement dit
- avoir son mot à dire
- avoir un œil qui dit merde à l'autre
- bien dit
- ça va sans dire
- ce n'est pas pour dire
- ceci dit
- ceci étant dit
- cela dit
- cela étant dit
- cela va sans dire
- c'est celui qui dit qui l'est
- c'est dire
- c'est le cas de le dire
- c'est le moins qu'on puisse dire
- c'est moi qui te le dis
- c'est moi qui vous le dis
- c'est pas pour dire
- c'est rien de le dire
- comme qui dirait
- dire adieu
- dire du mal
- dire pis que pendre
- dire que
- dire quelque chose
- dire quoi
- dire ses quatre vérités
- dis donc
- dis-moi qui tu fréquentes et je te dirai qui tu es
- en dire des vertes et des pas mûres
- en dire long
- en moins de temps qu'il ne faut pour le dire
- fais ce que je dis, pas ce que je fais
- il ne faut jamais dire jamais
- il n'y a pas à dire
- Jacques a dit
- je dis ça, je dis rien
- je ne te dis pas
- je ne te le fais pas dire
- je ne vous le fais pas dire
- je te dis merde
- la messe est dite
- maudire
- médire
- mon petit doigt m'a dit
- ne jamais dire jamais
- ne pas croire si bien dire
- ne pas se le faire dire deux fois
- ne rien dire qui vaille
- parler pour ne rien dire
- plus facile à dire qu'à faire
- pour ainsi dire
- pour ne pas dire
- pour tout dire
- proprement dit
- qui dit mieux
- qui ne dit mot consent
- qu'on se le dise
- sans mot dire
- se le tenir pour dit
- si je puis dire
- si le cœur t'en dit
- si le cœur vous en dit
- si tu le dis
- si tu vois ce que je veux dire
- si vous le dites
- soit dit en passant
- susdit
- tu l'as dit
- tu m'en diras des nouvelles
- tu m'en diras tant
- vouloir dire
- vous m'en direz des nouvelles
Related termsEdit
NounEdit
dire m (plural dires)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “dire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
ItalianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- dicere (archaic)
EtymologyEdit
From a contraction of Latin dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dìre (first-person singular present dìco, first-person singular past historic dìssi, past participle détto, first-person singular imperfect dicévo, second-person singular imperative dì' or (with syntactic gemination after the verb, with written accent on monosyllabic verb) dì, auxiliary avére) (transitive)
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | dìre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | avére | gerund | dicèndo | |||
present participle | dicènte | past participle | détto | |||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | dìco | dìci | dìce | diciàmo | dìte | dìcono |
imperfect | dicévo | dicévi | dicéva | dicevàmo | dicevàte | dicévano |
past historic | dìssi | dicésti | dìsse | dicémmo | dicéste | dìssero |
future | dirò | dirài | dirà | dirémo | diréte | dirànno |
conditional | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | dirèi | dirésti | dirèbbe, dirébbe | dirémmo | diréste | dirèbbero, dirébbero |
subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
present | dìca | dìca | dìca | diciàmo | diciàte | dìcano |
imperfect | dicéssi | dicéssi | dicésse | dicéssimo | dicéste | dicéssero |
imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
dì', dì1,2 | dìca | diciàmo | dìte | dìcano | ||
negative imperative | non dìre | non dìca | non diciàmo | non dìte | non dìcano |
1With syntactic gemination after the verb.
2With written accent on monosyllabic verb.
Related termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
dīre
ReferencesEdit
- “dire”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Middle FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French dire, from a contraction of Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō.
VerbEdit
dire
- to say (express using language)
DescendantsEdit
- French: dire
OccitanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Occitan dir, dire, from a contraction of Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dire
ConjugationEdit
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dire | aver dich | |||||
gerund | disent | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | dich | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | disi | dises | ditz | disèm | disètz | dison | |
imperfect | disiái | disiás | disiá | disiam | disiatz | disián | |
preterite | diguèri | diguères | diguèt | diguèrem | diguèretz | diguèron | |
future | dirai | diràs | dirà | direm | diretz | diràn | |
conditional | diriái | diriás | diriá | diriam | diriatz | dirián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | {{{49}}} | {{{50}}} | {{{51}}} | {{{52}}} | {{{53}}} | {{{54}}} | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | diga | digas | diga | digam | digatz | digan | |
imperfect | diguèsse | diguèsses | diguèsse | diguèssem | diguèssetz | diguèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
diga | digam | digatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From a contraction of Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō.
VerbEdit
dire
- (chiefly intransitive) to say
- (transitive) to recount (a story)
ConjugationEdit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dire | avoir dit | |||||
gerund | en disant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | disant | ||||||
past participle | dit | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | di | dis | dit | dimes, dions, disons | dites | dient |
imperfect | disoie, diseie | disoies, diseies | disoit, diseit | disiiens, disiens | disiiez, disiez | disoient, diseient | |
preterite | dis | desis | dist | desimes | desistes | distrent | |
future | dirai | diras | dira | dirons | diroiz, direiz, direz | diront | |
conditional | diroie, direie | diroies, direies | diroit, direit | diriiens, diriens | diriiez, diriez | diroient, direient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | dïe | dïes | dïe | diiens, dions, disiens, disons | diiez, disiez | dïent |
imperfect | desisse | desisses | desist | desissons, desissiens | desissoiz, desissez, desissiez | desissent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | di | — | dimes, dions, disons | dites | — |
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 153
Old OccitanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From a contraction of Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō.
VerbEdit
dire
- to say
DescendantsEdit
- Occitan: dire
WalloonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French dire, from a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dire
- to say