Wiktionary

hel

See also: Hel, hél, hêl, heł, he'l, and -hel

Danish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /heːˀl/, [ˈhe̝ˀl]

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, sound”), cognate with English whole, German heil, Dutch heel, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails).

Adjective edit

hel (neuter helt, plural and definite singular attributive hele)

  1. whole, entire, complete, full (undivided, with all elements)
  2. whole, intact, undamaged (not broken)
  3. the hour, top of the hour (at the start of a new hour)
  4. entire (Used to indicate that an amount is considered large.)
    • 2012, Jan Sonnergaard, Trilogien, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:
      Man kan være så frygteligt alene i måneder, hele måneder ad gangen, og gøre stort set alt hvad der står i éns magt for at komme i kontakt.
      One can be so terribly alone for months, entire months at a time, and do practically anything in one's power to get in contact.
    • 2012, Ib Melchior, Spionjæger - en dansk kontraspions bedrifter i den amerikanske hær under 2. verdenskrig, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:
      Jeg så en mand, der holdt sin Soldbuch frem til samtlige GI'er, der gik forbi i en hel halv time, og ingen tog notits af ham.
      I saw a man who held out his Soldbuch to every single GI who want past him for an entire half hour, and no one took any notice of him.

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

hel

  1. imperative of hele

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ɦɛl/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: hel
  • Rhymes: -ɛl

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch helle, from Old Dutch hella, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun edit

hel f (plural hellen, diminutive helletje n)

  1. (religion, mythology) Hell, an infernal afterlife.
    Synonyms: poel, jammerpoel
    Ik hoop dat je zal branden in de hel.
    I hope you will burn in hell.
  2. (figurative) A terrible place or ordeal.
    Hij maakte daarmee haar leven tot een hel.
    With that he made her life into a hell.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Negerhollands: hel, hei

Etymology 2 edit

Cognate with German hell.

Adjective edit

hel (comparative heller, superlative helst)

  1. (archaic) bright
Inflection edit
Inflection of hel
uninflected hel
inflected helle
comparative heller
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial hel heller het helst
het helste
indefinite m./f. sing. helle hellere helste
n. sing. hel heller helste
plural helle hellere helste
definite helle hellere helste
partitive hels hellers —

Etymology 3 edit

Cognate with English hall.

Noun edit

hel n or f (plural hellen, diminutive helletje n)

  1. hall, frozen spot

Etymology 4 edit

Verb edit

hel

  1. inflection of hellen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

References edit

  • van Veen, P.A.F.; van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997) Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), Utrecht; Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie, →ISBN

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse hel, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hel f (genitive singular heljar, no plural)

  1. hell (underworld), death

Declension edit

declension of hel
f-s1 singular
indefinite
nominative hel
accusative hel
dative hel
genitive heljar

The dative helju also occurs, mainly in the phrase heimta úr helju. The word is normally not used with suffixed article, but the genitive definite form, heljarinnar, occurs as an intensifier (meaning something like “hell of a”).

Related terms edit

Limburgish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Early Modern Limburgish hèl, from Middle Dutch helle.

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

hel f

  1. hell
  2. (figuratively) a bad place to be
    Synonym: verdommenis
Inflection edit
    Declension of hel (masculine) in Limburgish.
Singular Plural
Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation
Nominative hel el helke elke helle elle hellkes ellkes
Genitive hels els helkes elkes helle elle hellkes ellkes
Locative helles elles helleske elleske hellese ellese helleskes elleskes
Dative hellem (archaic) ellem (archaic) helkem (archaic) elkem (archaic) helle elle hellkes ellkes
Accusative helle (archaic) elle (archaic) helke elke helle elle hellkes ellkes
  • Some Southeast Limburgish dialects had the dative hellen.

Etymology 2 edit

From earlier helle.

Alternative forms edit

Adjective edit

hel (comparative helder, superlative hels, predicative superlative 't hèls)

  1. hard, tough, difficult
  2. hard, rough, pointed
  3. hard, heavy
  4. hard, solid
  5. loud
Declension edit
Declension of hel
number & gender masculine feminine neuter
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative helle hel hel hel hel hel
genitive hells heller heller heller hells heller
locative helles helles helles helles helles helles
vocative1 hel
dative2 helle hellen heller hellen hel hellen
accusative2 helle hellen hel hel hel hellen
1Limited to a few fossilized forms.
2Nowadays obsolete, use the nominative instead.

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

hel

  1. Alternative form of hele (“health”)

Etymology 2 edit

Proper noun edit

hel

  1. Alternative form of helle

Northern Kurdish edit

Noun edit

hel f

  1. solution

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse heill (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Alternative forms edit

Adjective edit

hel (neuter singular helt, definite singular and plural hele)

  1. whole, unbroken
    Hun har ikke røykt på en hel uke.
    She hasn't smoked for a whole week.
    Jeg vet ikke, hele denne greia virker litt risikabel for meg.
    I don't know, this whole thing seems a little risky to me.
    Jeg tror ikke han forstår hvorfor, Harry, men han hadde det så travelt med å kveste sin egen sjel at han aldri tok seg tid til å forstå den uforliknelige kraft i en sjel som er uplettet og hel. (from page 463 of the Norwegian translation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen)
    I do not think he understands why, Harry, but he was in such a hurry to mutilate his own soul, he never paused to understand the incomparable power of a soul that is untarnished and whole. (from page 478 of the original British version of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)
  2. pure, all
    Jeg fikk tak i en genser i hel ull, den blir god å ha når vinteren kommer.
    I got myself a pure wool sweater, it'll come in handy when winter arrives.
  3. (used as a noun) it, all of it, the whole/entire thing
    Og det beste ved det hele er at jeg slipper å se deg i to, hele måneder!
    And the best part of it is that I don't have to see you for two whole months!
Synonyms edit
whole, unbroken, pure
Derived terms edit

See also terms derived from heil

Etymology 2 edit

Verb edit

hel

  1. imperative of hele

References edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse hel, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”). Cognate with Faroese and Icelandic hel.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hel f

  1. death, underworld
    i hel ― to death
  2. (Norse mythology) Hel (the realm of the dead who did not die in combat)
    Synonyms: helheim, daudeheim, dauderike

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

References edit

  • “hel” in The Ordnett Dictionary
  • “hel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hel f

  1. Alternative form of hell

Declension edit

Declension of hel (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative hel hela, hele
accusative hele hela, hele
genitive hele hela
dative hele helum

Old Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos. Cognates include Old English hāl, Old Saxon hēl and Old Dutch heil.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈheːl/, [ˈhɛːl]

Adjective edit

hēl

  1. whole

Descendants edit

  • Saterland Frisian: heel
  • West Frisian: hiel

References edit

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Norse edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *haljō. Doublet of Hel.

Noun edit

hel f (genitive heljar, dative helju)

  1. (Germanic paganism) the underworld, personified the goddess of the same name
  2. (Christianity) Hell

Declension edit

  Declension of hel (strong jō-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hel helin heljar heljarnar
accusative hel helina heljar heljarnar
dative hel, helju helinni, heljunni heljum heljunum
genitive heljar heljarinnar helja heljanna
Note the -u in the dative singular.

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • “hel”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun edit

hel f

  1. hell
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Adjective edit

hēl

  1. whole, hale
Declension edit
Positive forms of hēl
Strong declension
gender masculine feminine neuter
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hēl hēle, hēla hēl hēla hēl hēl, hēla
accusative hēlan, hēlen hēla, hēle hēla hēla hēl hēl, hēla
genitive hēles, hēlas hēlaro, hēloro, hēlero hēlara, hēlaro hēlaro, hēloro, hēlero hēles, hēlas hēlaro, hēloro, hēlero
dative hēlumu, hēlum, hēlun, hēlun, hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlun, hēlon, hēlum hēlaro, hēlaru, hēlara hēlun, hēlon hēlumu, hēlum, hēlun, hēlun, hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlun, hēlon, hēlum
Weak declension
gender masculine feminine neuter
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hēlo, hēla hēlon, hēlun hēla, hēle hēlon, hēlun, hēlan hēla, hēle hēlon, hēlun
accusative hēlon, hēlan hēlon, hēlun hēlun, hēlon, hēlan hēlon, hēlun, hēlan hēla, hēle hēlon, hēlun
genitive hēlen, hēlan hēlono, hēleno hēlun, hēlan, hēlen hēlono hēlen, hēlan hēlono, hēleno
dative hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlon, hēlun hēlun, hēlan hēlon, hēlun hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlon, hēlun


Descendants edit

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, a noun of similar derivation to the above adjective.

Noun edit

hēl n

  1. omen
Declension edit
Declension of hēl (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative hēl hēl
accusative hēl hēl
genitive hēles hēlō
dative hēle hēlun
instrumental — —


Descendants edit
  • Middle Low German: hēl

Papiamentu edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch geel.

Adjective edit

hel

  1. yellow

Polish edit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
Chemical element
He
Previous: wodór (H)
Next: lit (Li)

Etymology edit

Borrowed from New Latin helium.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hel m inan

  1. helium

Declension edit

Declension of hel
singular
nominative hel
genitive helu
dative helowi
accusative hel
instrumental helem
locative helu
vocative helu

Derived terms edit

adjective
noun

Further reading edit

  • hel in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hel in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Somali edit

Verb edit

hel

  1. to like
  2. to find

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

hel (comparative helare, superlative helast)

  1. (only attributively) (the) whole
    Hela huset brann ner
    The whole house burned down
    Jag skulle kunna äta en hel elefant
    I could eat an entire elephant
  2. whole (intact, not broken)
    Fönstret är helt
    The window isn't broken
  3. (as a prefix) completely, totally, full, whole

Declension edit

Inflection of hel
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular hel helare helast
Neuter singular helt helare helast
Plural hela helare helast
Masculine plural3 hele helare helast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 hele helare helaste
All hela helare helaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Related terms edit

References edit

Welsh edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Celtic *selgā, from Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“let loose, send”). Cognate with Old Irish selg.[1]

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

hel (first-person singular present helaf, not mutable)

  1. (North Wales) to send, to drive, to chase
  2. (North Wales) to collect, to gather
  3. (North Wales) to frequent, to visit often

Conjugation edit

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future helaf heli hela helwn helwch helant helir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		helwn helit helai helem helech helent helid
preterite helais helaist helodd helasom helasoch helasant helwyd
pluperfect helaswn helasit helasai helasem helasech helasent helasid, helesid
present subjunctive helwyf helych helo helom heloch helont heler
imperative — hela heled helwn helwch helent heler
verbal noun hel
verbal adjectives heledig
heladwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future hela i, helaf i heli di helith o/e/hi, heliff e/hi helwn ni helwch chi helan nhw
conditional helwn i, helswn i helet ti, helset ti helai fo/fe/hi, helsai fo/fe/hi helen ni, helsen ni helech chi, helsech chi helen nhw, helsen nhw
preterite helais i, heles i helaist ti, helest ti helodd o/e/hi helon ni heloch chi helon nhw
imperative — hela — — helwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hel”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hel c (plural [please provide])

  1. hell

Further reading edit

  • “hel”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola edit

Etymology edit

From Middle English holgh, from Old English holh, from Proto-West Germanic *hulwī.

Noun edit

hel

  1. hollow

References edit

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 45
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