odi
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin odium. Doublet of oi.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odi m (plural odis)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “odi” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “odi”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “odi” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odi m pl
Noun edit
odi f pl
Verb edit
odi
- inflection of udire:
Verb edit
odi
- inflection of odiare:
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
- (present tense) odiō, (perfect tense) ōdīvī (post-classical)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ h₃e-h₃d-ḗr, reduplicated perfect from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate; to start hating?”).[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈoː.diː/, [ˈoːd̪iː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈo.di/, [ˈɔːd̪i]
Verb edit
ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, future participle ōsūrus); fourth conjugation, perfect forms have present meaning, no supine stem except in the future active participle
- to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.5:
- Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.
- Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.
- Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.
- (with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
Usage notes edit
Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:
- Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
- The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
- Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is archaic in this function.
- To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.
The form odīvī, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of ōdī (fourth conjugation, no present stem, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only, perfect forms as present, pluperfect as imperfect, future perfect as future) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | ōdī | ōdistī | ōdit | ōdimus | ōdistis | ōdērunt, ōdēre |
imperfect | ōderam | ōderās | ōderat | ōderāmus | ōderātis | ōderant | |
future | ōderō | ōderis | ōderit | ōderimus | ōderitis | ōderint | |
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | ōderim | ōderīs | ōderit | ōderīmus | ōderītis | ōderint |
imperfect | ōdissem | ōdissēs | ōdisset | ōdissēmus | ōdissētis | ōdissent | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | ōdisse | — | ōsūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | — | — | ōsūrus | — | — | — |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “odī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296
- “ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
- Landgraf, Gustav (1884) “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins[1]
Further reading edit
- “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- odi in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Latvian edit
Noun edit
odi m
Verb edit
odi
Lombard edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
odi
Old High German edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþijaz.
Adjective edit
ōdi
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz.
Adjective edit
ōdi
Derived terms edit
- ōdlīhho (“easily”)
Sranan Tongo edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
odi
Interjection edit
odi
- greetings, good day
- ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies][2], Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:
- Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.
- Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.
Derived terms edit
Volapük edit
Pronoun edit
odi
- accusative singular of od
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɔdɪ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈoːdi/, /ˈɔdi/
- Rhymes: -ɔdɪ
Verb edit
odi (first-person singular present odaf)
Conjugation edit
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | odaf | odi | od, oda | odwn | odwch | odant | odir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
odwn | odit | odai | odem | odech | odent | odid | |
preterite | odais | odaist | ododd | odasom | odasoch | odasant | odwyd | |
pluperfect | odaswn | odasit | odasai | odasem | odasech | odasent | odasid, odesid | |
present subjunctive | odwyf | odych | odo | odom | odoch | odont | oder | |
imperative | — | od, oda | oded | odwn | odwch | odent | oder | |
verbal noun | odi | |||||||
verbal adjectives | odedig odadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | oda i, odaf i | odi di | odith o/e/hi, odiff e/hi | odwn ni | odwch chi | odan nhw |
conditional | odwn i, odswn i | odet ti, odset ti | odai fo/fe/hi, odsai fo/fe/hi | oden ni, odsen ni | odech chi, odsech chi | oden nhw, odsen nhw |
preterite | odais i, odes i | odaist ti, odest ti | ododd o/e/hi | odon ni | odoch chi | odon nhw |
imperative | — | oda | — | — | odwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
odi | unchanged | unchanged | hodi |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “odi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
From ò- (“nominalizing prefix”) + dì (“to block”)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
òdì
- opposite or converse of something; negative
- antonym
- antithesis
- wrong side, deviance, aberration
- Synonym: òdìkejì
- O ti wọ òdì aṣọ. ― You've worn your clothes inside out.
Derived terms edit
- òdìkejì (“opposite side”)
- ìṣòdì àìgbéléwọ̀n (“complementarity”)
- ṣòdì (“to be wrong”)
- òdì àgbéléwọ̀n (“antonymy”)
Etymology 2 edit
From o- (“nominalizing prefix”) + dì (“to block”)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odì
Derived terms edit
- dóòdì (“to be taboo”)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odì
- (Ijebu, historical) class of royal messengers
- Synonym: ẹmẹsẹ̀
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
òdí
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odi
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 6 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odi
Etymology 7 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
odi