od
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Alteration of God.
NounEdit
od
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From German Od, cognate with Odin.
NounEdit
od
- (archaic) An alleged force or natural power, supposed, by Carl Reichenbach and others, to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital action, etc.
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
AzerbaijaniEdit
| Cyrillic | од | |
|---|---|---|
| Perso-Arabic | اوْد | |
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
NounEdit
od (definite accusative odu, plural odlar)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of od | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | od |
odlar | ||||||
| definite accusative | odu |
odları | ||||||
| dative | oda |
odlara | ||||||
| locative | odda |
odlarda | ||||||
| ablative | oddan |
odlardan | ||||||
| definite genitive | odun |
odların | ||||||
Related termsEdit
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old Czech ot, from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
od [+genitive]
- from
- Dostal jsem dopis od bratra. ― I got a letter from my brother.
- since
- Od té doby jsem tam nebyl. ― I haven't been there since.
- of
- To je od tebe moc hezké. ― That is very nice of you.
Further readingEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse oddr, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz, cognate with German Ort (“place, point”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
od c (singular definite odden, plural indefinite odde)
- sharp point
DeclensionEdit
IdoEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- o (apocope)
EtymologyEdit
Borrowing from English or, French ou, Italian od and Spanish o.
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
od
Related termsEdit
ItalianEdit
ConjunctionEdit
od
AnagramsEdit
LatvianEdit
VerbEdit
od
Middle EnglishEdit
AdjectiveEdit
od
- Alternative form of odde
AdverbEdit
od
- Alternative form of odde
NounEdit
od
- Alternative form of odde
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdjectiveEdit
od (neuter singular odt, definite singular and plural ode, comparative odare, indefinite superlative odast, definite superlative odaste)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
od n (definite singular odet, indefinite plural od, definite plural oda)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
od
Old PolishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti. The final d is due to analogy with other prepositions such as nad and pod. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
PrepositionEdit
od [+genitive]
- Indicates the beginning of an action has lasted; since, from, for
- Indicates length of time; for
- Indicates disatance; from, away from
- Indicates source or cause; from, because of
- Indicates agent of a request; from
- Indicates physical origin, sometimes used in names; from
- Indicates author or letter; by, from
- Used in passive constructions; by
- Indicates the scope, manner or degree.
- Indicates relation, intended purpose or use, material, or age; from
- Used in comparisons; than
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Polish: od
ReferencesEdit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “od”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
PolishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old Polish od, from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.[1]
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): (isolated) /ɔt/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɔt/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔt
- Syllabification: od
- Homophones: ot, od-
PrepositionEdit
od [+genitive]
- Indicates separation, distance, loss of contact; from, away
- Jesteśmy dość daleko od domu. ― We're pretty far from home.
- Odsuń się od niej! ― Get away from her!
- Indicates origin of movement; from, away
- Dostałem dziś list od siostry. ― I got a letter from my sister today.
- Odchodzę od tego budynku. ― I am walking away from that building.
- Indicates moment of origin in time; from, since, for
- Pracuję codziennie od siódmej do piętnastej. ― I work from 7 AM till 3 PM every day.
- Od jutra będę mieszkał we własnym mieszkaniu. ― Starting tomorrow I'll be living in my own flat.
- Odlicz od dziesięciu w dół. ― Count backwards from ten.
- Czekam na ciebie od osiemnastej. ― I have been waiting for you since 6 PM.
- Indicates source or cause; from, because of
- Jestem mokry od deszczu ― I'm wet from the rain.
- Indicates intended use or purpose; for
- Czy widzisz przez dziurkę od klucza? ― Can you see through the keyhole? (literally, “Can you see through the hole for the key?”)
- Zamknąłeś okno od samochodu? ― Did you shut the car window?
- Indicates specialization
- Used in comparisons; than
- (Middle Polish) Used to indicate the author of a letter or work; from, by
- (Middle Polish) Used in passive contructions; by
- (Middle Polish) Indicates material; from
- Synonym: z
TriviaEdit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), od is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 477 times in scientific texts, 319 times in news, 310 times in essays, 371 times in fiction, and 303 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1780 times, making it the 23rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
ReferencesEdit
- ^ B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “od”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “od”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 309
Further readingEdit
- od in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- od in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “od”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
- “OD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 24.05.2010
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 564
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti. See od-, ot-, o, oda-.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
ȍd (Cyrillic spelling о̏д)
- (+ genitive case) from, since
- od Zagreba do Beograda ― from Zagreb to Belgrade
- od jutra do mraka ― from dusk until dawn
- od 5 do 10 sati ― from 5 to 10 o'clock
- od danas ― from today on
- od sad(a) ― from now on
- od tad(a) ― since then
- od kraja zime ― from the end of winter
- (+ genitive case) of
- selo od tri kuće ― a village of three houses
- jedan od njih ― one of them
- čovjek od (svoje) r(ij)eči. ― a man of his word
- Hvala! To je bilo jako l(ij)epo od tebe! ― Thank you! That was very nice of you!
- (comparison) (+ genitive case) than
- Avioni su brži od helikoptera. ― Airplanes are faster than helicopters.
- Stariji je od svoje sestre. ― He is older than his sister.
- (+ genitive case) made of, made out of, made from
- stolica od drveta ― a chair made of wood
- Plastika se proizvodi od nafte. ― Plastic is made from oil.
- U slamovima, ljudi često žive u kućama napravljenim od otpadnog metala. ― In slums, people often live in houses made out of scrap metal.
- (proscribed, passive) (+ genitive case) by (usually followed by strane ("side/party") denoting the party which is doing the action; active form is preferred in formal language)
- Bomba je bila pronađena od (strane) policije. ― The bomb was found by the police.
- (+ genitive case) because of, from, with (denoting a direct or indirect cause)
- Umrla je od raka kože. ― She died of skin cancer.
- Umrla je od alkoholizma. ― She died from alcoholism.
- umr(ij)eti od dosade ― to die of boredom
- drhtati od straha ― to tremble with fear
- tresti se od hladnoće ― to shiver with cold
SlovakEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
od (+ genitive)
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
od
- (with genitive) from, away from
- (with genitive) since or starting from (place or time)
- (with genitive) originating from, having origin in
- (with genitive) of, belonging to, part of
- (with genitive, in comparisons) than
- (with genitive) of, from, because of, due to
TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish اود (od), اوت (ot), from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
NounEdit
od (definite accusative odu, plural odlar)
Related termsEdit
VolapükEdit
PronounEdit
od
DeclensionEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English odde.
AdjectiveEdit
od (feminine singular od, plural od, equative oded, comparative odach, superlative odaf)
Usage notesEdit
Unusually for a monosyllabic word ending in a monophthong and single d, the current spelling of this word does not require the grave accent to indicate that the vowel is short. Likewise, there is a circumflex in the word ôd to show that its vowel is long. Compare this to regular spellings such as mwd and mẁd or nod and nòd. This phenomenon of not requiring a grave accent where one may expect it is more common in well-established grammatical words such as od below. See also os, nid or nag for similar cases.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
ConjunctionEdit
od
MutationEdit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| od | unchanged | unchanged | hod |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||