sofa
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from French sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa), a long seat made of stone or brick, covered with rich carpets and cushions and used for sitting upon. Cognate with Aramaic צפא/ܨܦܬܐ (ṣipā’, ṣeppəṯā, “mat, matting”). The word may have entered European languages via Muslim Iberia or through Turkish.
Alternative forms edit
- sopha (obsolete)
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: sō'fə, IPA(key): /ˈsəʊfə/
- (General American) enPR: sō'fə, IPA(key): /ˈsoʊfə/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊfə
Noun edit
sofa (plural sofas)
- (Middle East architecture, archaic) A raised area of a building's floor, usually covered with carpeting, used for sitting.
- (furniture, chiefly UK, India) An upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people.
- 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 228:
- His eyes trailed over her feline pose on the sofa, finding her limbs adorable while he tried exasperatedly to extract the truth of licentious revelations from them.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
Verb edit
sofa (third-person singular simple present sofas, present participle sofaing, simple past and past participle sofaed)
- To furnish with one or more sofas.
- 1852, Charles Astor Bristed, Five years in an English university, page 14:
- The appearance of a student's apartment, though by no means splendid, is decidedly comfortable ; it is well cushioned and sofaed, with a proper proportion of arm chairs, and a general air of respectability — much better on the whole than our student's rooms ever are.
- 1890, Stanley Lane-Poole, The Life of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe - Volume 1, page 100:
- First, it will surprize you to learn that instead of the venerable simplicity which reigns in St. Stephen's chapel, the H. of Representatives, besides being stoved, carpeted, desked, and sofaed in the most luxurious style, rivals and indeed surpasses the Legislature of Paris in decoration and drapery.
- 1893, Henry Swinglehurst, Silver Mines and Incidents of Travel, page 97:
- I and another therefore entirely occupied our stateroom, which was sofaed round, being just large enough for two to lie down and a third to sit with his feet up and his head on his knees.
- 1981, David A. Kaufelt, The Wine and the Music, page 331:
- It was a lavish, fully draped, fully sofaed, fully radiator-covered nineteenth-century deluxe German hotel suite.
- To seat or lay down on a sofa.
- 1895, Denver Medical Times - Volume 5, page 191:
- Cliques of three or more are formed, each member of which goes in search of victims, and the first female found complaining of pain in the lower part of her back, is immediately run down, corralled, cornered, so to speak, and sans ceremonie she is at once tabled, sofaed or beded, or in the absence of these relics of refinement she is floored or she may have to submit standing (especially if the doctor is in a hury and meets her at the gate or corner drug store) with an unerring plunge, of a not overly clean index finger, the darksome cavern is penetrated and perhaps, not, a cervix is touched and reveals, of course, a lacerated cervix, just as had been predicted.
- 1880 October 22, Benjamin Disraeli, chapter XVI, in George Earle Buckle, editor, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, volume VI: 1876–1881, published 1929, Hughenden Manor; To Lady Bradford, page 592:
- A few, feeble words—my first—to tell you I have left my room this morning and am shaven and shorn and dressed and sofaed in my writing room, after a terrible ten days or more.
- 2006, Kim Akass, Janet McCabe, Reading 'Desperate Housewives': Beyond the White Picket Fence:
- Many a time back in my boozing days when I was sofaed too.
References edit
- "sofa, n.", in the Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
sofa (plural sofas)
- (historical) A slave soldier who served in the army of the Mali Empire.
- 2006, Magbaily C. Fyle, Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone, page xx:
- 1884 Sofas conquer northern Sierra Leone. The sofas were soldiers of Mandinka empire builder, Samori Turay. Falaba, capital of Solima Yalunka kingdom, destroyed in the process.
Anagrams edit
Danish edit
Noun edit
sofa c (singular definite sofaen, plural indefinite sofaer)
Inflection edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French sofa, perhaps via Turkish sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sofa m (plural sofa's, diminutive sofaatje n)
French edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”)/Classical Syriac ܨܦܬܐ. The word may have entered French via Turkish sofa.
Note casually that Arabic itself uses كَنَبة (kanaba) for “sofa”, from French canapé.
Pronunciation edit
- (France) IPA(key): /sɔ.fa/
- (Canada) IPA(key): /so.fa/, /so.fɔ/
Audio (France) (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Homophone: sofas
Noun edit
sofa m (plural sofas)
Descendants edit
- → Asturian: sofá
- → Catalan: sofà
- → Czech: sofà
- → Danish: sofa
- → Dutch: sofa
- Indonesian: sofa
- → English: sofa (see there for further descendants)
- → Galician: sofá
- → German: Sofa
- → Estonian: sohva
- → Hungarian: szófa
- → Hunsrik: Sofa
- → Icelandic: sófi
- → Italian: sofà
- → Lithuanian: sofa
- → Northern Sami: suffá
- → Norwegian: sofa
- → Plautdietsch: Soofa
- → Polish: sofa
- → Portuguese: sofá
- → Romanian: sofa
- → Russian: софа (sofa)
- → Veps: sofa
- → Serbo-Croatian: sofa / софа
- → Spanish: sofá
- → Swedish: soffa
- → Uzbek: sofa
- → Yiddish: סאָפֿע (sofe)
Further reading edit
- “sofa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse sofa, from Proto-Germanic *swefaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sofa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative svaf, third-person plural past indicative sváfum, supine sofið)
- (intransitive) to sleep
- Ekki vekja hana, hún er sofandi.
- Don't wake her up, she's sleeping.
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
- fara að sofa (“to go to bed”)
- sofa hjá (“to sleep with, to have sex with”)
- sofa laust (“to sleep lightly”)
- sofa yfir sig (“to oversleep”)
- sofandi (“sleeping”)
Related terms edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch sofa, from French sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sofa (first-person possessive sofaku, second-person possessive sofamu, third-person possessive sofanya)
- sofa: an upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people.
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “sofa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua edit
Noun edit
sofa (plural sofas)
- (item of furniture) sofa
Jamaican Creole edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
sofa
- to suffer, to be troubled, to be distressed
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 2 Korintiyan 1:6:
- So ef wi sofa, wi a sofa kaaz wi waahn fi elp unu an wi waahn unu fi kip chrang. An ef wi get elp, unu wuda a get elp tu. Kaaz unu wi nuo se wen unu a sofa laik wi, fi unu elp wi kom. An dat wi mek unu gwaan kip chrang wen chobl tek unu.
- If we are in distress, it is for your comfort and salvation. If we are being comforted, it is for your comfort, which results in you patiently bearing the same sufferings that we suffer.
Derived terms edit
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
sofa
Norman edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sofa m (plural sofas)
Synonyms edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
sofa m (definite singular sofaen, indefinite plural sofaer, definite plural sofaene)
References edit
- “sofa” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sofa m (definite singular sofaen, indefinite plural sofaer or sofaar, definite plural sofaene or sofaane)
References edit
- “sofa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *swefaną.
Verb edit
sofa (singular present indicative sefr or søfr, singular past indicative svaf, plural past indicative sváfu or sófu, past participle sofinn)
- to sleep
Conjugation edit
infinitive | sofa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | sofandi | |
past participle | sofinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | sef, søf | svaf |
2nd-person singular | sefr, søfr | svaft |
3rd-person singular | sefr, søfr | svaf |
1st-person plural | sofum | sófum, sváfum |
2nd-person plural | sofið | sófuð, sváfuð |
3rd-person plural | sofa | sófu, sváfu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | sofa | sœfa, svæfa |
2nd-person singular | sofir | sœfir, svæfir |
3rd-person singular | sofi | sœfi, svæfi |
1st-person plural | sofim | sœfim, svæfim |
2nd-person plural | sofið | sœfið, svæfið |
3rd-person plural | sofi | sœfi, svæfi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | sof | |
1st-person plural | sofum | |
2nd-person plural | sofið |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: sofa
- Faroese: sova
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sova, sove
- Jamtish: sovo
- Elfdalian: såvå
- Old Swedish: sova
- Swedish: sova
- Old Danish: souæ
- Gutnish: syve
References edit
- “sofa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sofa f (diminutive sofka)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (sofa), from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”).
Noun edit
sofa f (plural sofale)
Declension edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Noun edit
sòfa f (Cyrillic spelling со̀фа)
Declension edit
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Noun edit
sofa (n class, plural sofa)
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صفه (ṣuffa, ṣofa, “a porch or hall with benches, a recess in a hall or ante-room”),[1] from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “bench, sofa, vestibule”).[2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sofa (definite accusative sofayı, plural sofalar)
Declension edit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | sofa | |
Definite accusative | sofayı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | sofa | sofalar |
Definite accusative | sofayı | sofaları |
Dative | sofaya | sofalara |
Locative | sofada | sofalarda |
Ablative | sofadan | sofalardan |
Genitive | sofanın | sofaların |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890), “صفه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1179
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “sofa”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading edit
- “sofa”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “sofa¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4277
Veps edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian софа́ (sofá).
Noun edit
sofa
Inflection edit
Inflection of sofa (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | sofa | ||
genitive sing. | sofan | ||
partitive sing. | sofad | ||
partitive plur. | sofid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sofa | sofad | |
accusative | sofan | sofad | |
genitive | sofan | sofiden | |
partitive | sofad | sofid | |
essive-instructive | sofan | sofin | |
translative | sofaks | sofikš | |
inessive | sofas | sofiš | |
elative | sofaspäi | sofišpäi | |
illative | sofaha sofha |
sofihe | |
adessive | sofal | sofil | |
ablative | sofalpäi | sofilpäi | |
allative | sofale | sofile | |
abessive | sofata | sofita | |
comitative | sofanke | sofidenke | |
prolative | sofadme | sofidme | |
approximative I | sofanno | sofidenno | |
approximative II | sofannoks | sofidennoks | |
egressive | sofannopäi | sofidennopäi | |
terminative I | sofahasai sofhasai |
sofihesai | |
terminative II | sofalesai | sofilesai | |
terminative III | sofassai | — | |
additive I | sofahapäi sofhapäi |
sofihepäi | |
additive II | sofalepäi | sofilepäi |
References edit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “тахта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika