宗

See also: 完

宗	U+5B97, 宗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B97

← 宖
[U+5B96]

CJK Unified Ideographs

官 →
[U+5B98]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

宗 (radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十一一火 (JMMF), four-corner 3090₁, composition ⿱宀示)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 283, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7106
Dae Jaweon: page 557, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 917, character 11
Unihan data for U+5B97

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		宗

Wikipedia has articles on:

宗姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Zong (surname) (English)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 宗
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (宗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
淙	zuːŋ, sruːŋs, *zuːŋ
鬃	zuːŋ, ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ
漴	*zruːŋs
粽	*ʔsoːŋs
宗	*ʔsuːŋ
倧	*ʔsuːŋ
綜	*ʔsuːŋs
錝	*ʔsuːŋs
賨	*zuːŋ
琮	*zuːŋ
悰	*zuːŋ
孮	*zuːŋ
誴	*zuːŋ
崇	*zruŋ
崈	*zruŋ
踪	*ʔsoŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 示 (“spirit tablet”) – temple; ancestral shrine.

EtymologyEdit

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsuk ⪤ *tsik (“to build”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྫོང (rdzong, “castle; fortress”).

an administrative division in historical Tibet: Borrowed from Tibetan རྫོང (rdzong, “district; province”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zōng (zong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
Min Bei (KCR): có̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): cŭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chong

(Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tson (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: có̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong
  - Tâi-lô: tsong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tson (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 宗
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡suŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡suŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡səŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡suŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡suŋ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡suə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡soŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡səŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡suŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡soŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡soŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡soŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡san¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡soŋ³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡suŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡suŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡soŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡soŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/toŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡suoŋ/

Rime
Character	宗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作冬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zōng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤuŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zōng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁuŋ/
English	ancestral temple
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宗
Reading #	1/1
No.	17892
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宗
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

宗

ancestral temple
ancestors or elders of a people
family
宗法 ― zōngfǎ ― patriarcal clan system
having the same ancestry
宗兄 ― zōngxiōng ― elder brother
school; sect
禪宗 / 禅宗 ― chánzōng ― Zen
main purpose
宗旨 ― zōngzhǐ ― aim
to revere; to respect
to follow
(historical) an administrative division in historical Tibet, equivalent to a county
當雄宗 / 当雄宗 ― Dāngxióng Zōng ― Damxung dzong
Classifier for legal cases.
Classifier for cases of sickness.
初步診斷有 41宗病例，其中一宗死亡[…]香港醫學會傳染病顧問委員會主席梁子超，在本台節目《星期六問責》說，相比同類型病毒，例如中東呼吸綜合症及沙士，今次武漢至今僅一宗死亡個案，相信此病毒性肺炎的死亡率不算高。 [MSC, trad.]
初步诊断有 41宗病例，其中一宗死亡[…]香港医学会传染病顾问委员会主席梁子超，在本台节目《星期六问责》说，相比同类型病毒，例如中东呼吸综合症及沙士，今次武汉至今仅一宗死亡个案，相信此病毒性肺炎的死亡率不算高。 [MSC, simp.]
From: 2020 January 11, RTHK, 醫學會專家相信武漢不明原因病毒性肺炎死亡率不算高 [1]
Chūbù zhěnduàn yǒu 41 zōng bìnglì, qízhōng yī zōng sǐwáng Xiānggǎng Yīxuéhuì Chuánrǎnbìng Gùwèn Wěiyuánhuì zhǔxí Liáng Zǐchāo, zài běn tái jiémù “Xīngqīliù Wènzé” shuō, xiàngbǐ tónglèixíng bìngdú, lìrú Zhōngdōng hūxī zōnghézhèng jí Shāshì, jīncì Wǔhàn zhìjīn jǐn yī zōng sǐwáng gèàn, xiàngxìn cǐ bìngdúxìng fèiyán de sǐwánglǜ bùsuàn gāo. [Pinyin]
41 tentative diagnoses, with 1 death among them […] Hong Kong Medical Association Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee leader LEUNG Chi-chiu said in our program "Saturday Accountability" that compared to viruses of the same type, such as MERS and SARS, Wuhan has only had one case of death so far; he believes that the death rate of this viral pneumonia cannot be considered to be high.
A surname.