刣
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Translingual
editHan character
edit刣 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈口中弓 (IRLN), composition ⿰台刂)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1922
- Dae Jaweon: page 311, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 332, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5223
Chinese
editGlyph origin
edit| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 台 + semantic 刂 (“knife”).
Etymology 1
edit| simp. and trad. |
刣 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠛀 | |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
- Wade–Giles: chung1
- Yale: jūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
- Palladius: чжун (čžun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zung1
- Yale: jūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzung1
- Guangdong Romanization: zung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Definitions
edit刣
Etymology 2
edit| simp. and trad. |
刣 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Often considered a substrate word. Compare (Deng, 1994, Schuessler, 2007):
- Proto-Hmong-Mien *təjH (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Hmong-Mien *dəjH (“to die”)
- White Hmong tua (“to kill”)
- White Hmong tuag (“to die”)
- Proto-Austronesian *pa-aCay (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“to die”)
- Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”)
Norman (1979) suggests that this derives from 治 (MC dri, “to regulate; to clean (fish)”) instead. This usage is still used in some Mandarin dialects (usually meaning “to clean (fish)”) and Hakka chhṳ̀ (“to slaughter (livestock)”), often written as 㓾.
Alternatively, some have suggested that 夷 (MC yij, “to be level; to pacify; to kill”) is the original character.
Pronunciation
edit- Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tai2
- Northern Min (KCR): tî
- Eastern Min (BUC): tài
- Southern Min
- Hakka
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tî
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tài
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Definitions
edit刣
- (Hakka, Min) to slaughter (an animal)
- 刣豬／刣猪 [Hokkien] ― thâi ti [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to slaughter a pig
- 刣豬／刣猪 [Eastern Min] ― tài-*dṳ̆ / [tʰai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― to slaughter a pig
- (Fuzhou Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) to kill (a person)
- 刣死 [Hokkien] ― thâi-sí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to kill
- (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to cut open
- 刣西瓜 [Hokkien] ― thâi si-koe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to cut a watermelon
- (Hokkien) to cut; to gash
- (Hokkien) to fight a battle; to go to war
- (Hokkien) to delete; to remove; to cross out
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beat down the price; to haggle
Synonyms
edit| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 殺 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 殺 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 殺 |
| Taiwan | 殺 | |
| Malaysia | 殺 | |
| Singapore | 殺 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 殺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 殺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 殺 |
| Wanrong | 殺 | |
| Xi'an | 殺 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 殺 |
| Wuhan | 殺 | |
| Guilin | 殺 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 殺 |
| Yangzhou | 殺 | |
| Hefei | 殺 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 殺 |
| Hong Kong | 殺 | |
| Yangjiang | 殺 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 殺 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 殺 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺 |
| Lichuan | 殺 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 殺 |
| Yudu | 殺 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 殺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 殺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 殺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刣 |
| Fuqing | 殺 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刣 |
| Quanzhou | 刣 | |
| Jinjiang | 刣 | |
| Yongchun | 刣 | |
| Zhangzhou | 刣 | |
| Tainan | 刣 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Chaozhou | 刣 | |
| Shantou | 刣 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 刣 | |
| Jieyang | 刣 | |
| Lufeng | 刣 | |
| Haifeng | 刣 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 刣 | |
| Leizhou | 殺 | |
| Wenchang | 殺 | |
| Haikou | 殺 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 殺 | |
| Suzhou | 殺 | |
| Hangzhou | 殺 | |
| Wenzhou | 殺 | |
| Jinhua | 殺 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 殺 |
| Loudi | 殺 | |
| Shuangfeng | 殺 | |
Compounds
editFurther reading
edit- “Entry #2946”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
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