略

See also: 畧

略 U+7565, 略 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7565 ← 畤 [U+7564] CJK Unified Ideographs 畦 → [U+7566]

略 U+F976, 略 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F976 ← 掠 [U+F975] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 亮 → [U+F977]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japan

Han character

略 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 6706₄, composition ⿰田各)

Derived characters

• 㑼, 㨼, 䌎, 𧐣, 𨎟, 𧐯, 𪅅, 𧕌, 𰔡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 762, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
• Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2541, character 11
• Unihan data for U+7565

• Unihan data for U+F976

Chinese

simp. and trad.		略
alternative forms		畧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 略
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raɡ): semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

Etymology

"to plunder, to pillage"

Possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo rawk (“to loot, to raid (not to kill)”). STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-m-(p)rawk, which is likely an allofam of Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-ru:k "to steal".

掠 (lüè) is a graphic variant of this sense.

"sharp"

"From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut, tear, maul, lacerate”). Cognate with Burmese မြက် (mrak, “to cut keenly”) and မြ (mra., “sharp”), Jingpho mya (“torn, ragged”), Dimasa [script needed] (džə brau, “to scratch, maul, claw”), Drung pra (“to cut (with sharp instruments)”).

"to trace out; to measure (an area); to plan; plan, method; boundary, frontier"

Possible allofams are 慮 (OC *ras, “outline, sketch”) and possibly 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs, “to measure (v.), a measure (n.)”)

"outline, sketch, strategy, summary, brief"

Possibly same etymon as sense "to trace out, to plan". Possibly cognate with 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”)

"to omit, to leave out"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lüè (lüe⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lio̍k
• Northern Min (KCR): liŏ̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): liŏk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lyorh⁷ / lyoeh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / lia̍k / lio̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liag⁸ / lioh⁸ / liêh⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸liaq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lüè
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lyuè
    • Wade–Giles: lüeh⁴
    • Yale: lywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liueh
    • Palladius: люэ (ljue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loek⁶
    • Yale: leuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lio̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: liog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯ok̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyorh⁷
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lio̤̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyɒʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyoeh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyøʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liak̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioih
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lioʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lioʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɤʔ⁴/

Note:

• lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
• lio̍h - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: liag⁸ / lioh⁸ / liêh⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lia̍k / lio̍h / lie̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liak̚⁴/, /lioʔ⁴/, /lieʔ⁴/

Note:

• liag8 - literary;
• lioh8/liêh8 - vernacular (liêh8 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸liaq
    • MiniDict: liah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵liaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liaʔ¹²/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 略
Mandarin	Beijing	/lyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liau⁵³/ /lyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lye⁵³/
	Jinan	/luə²¹/
	Qingdao	/lyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lyo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/luo⁵³/
	Xining	/lyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/lye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/nio²¹/
	Kunming	/lio³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/liaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/liɛ²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/liɔ²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lio²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liok̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/liok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lœk̚²/
	Nanning	/lœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/luoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/liɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/liak̚⁵/ /lioʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/liɔk̚³/ /lio³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljak

Rime
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	離灼切
Baxter	ljak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨak̚/
Li Rong	/liak̚/
Wang Li	/lĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lüè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loek6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lüè
Middle Chinese	‹ ljak ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ak/
English	draw a boundary; outline
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
No.	3892
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	略
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raɡ/

Definitions

略

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to draw boundaries; to outline; to trace out
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) boundary; outline; border
3. plan; strategy; summary; outline
4. brief; abbreviated
5. to omit; to leave out
6. slightly; marginally
7. approximately; roughly
8. to plunder; to pillage
9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sharp; keen (Shi)

Compounds

• 七略
• 三略 (Sānlüè)
• 中略
• 事略 (shìlüè)
• 伽利略 (jiālìlüè)
• 侵略 (qīnlüè)
• 侵略主義 / 侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
• 儒略曆 / 儒略历 (rúlüèlì)
• 六韜三略 / 六韬三略
• 兵略
• 劫略
• 勇略 (yǒnglüè)
• 卻略 / 却略
• 商略
• 大戰略 / 大战略
• 大略 (dàlüè)
• 奧理略 / 奥理略
• 奧略 / 奥略
• 安大略湖 (Āndàlüè Hú)
• 宏材大略
• 封略
• 將略 / 将略
• 崖略 (yálüè)
• 幹略 / 干略
• 廟略 / 庙略
• 建國方略 / 建国方略
• 志略
• 忽略 (hūlüè)
• 戰略 / 战略 (zhànlüè)
• 戰略思想 / 战略思想
• 戰略物資 / 战略物资
• 戰略計畫 / 战略计画
• 戰略轟炸 / 战略轰炸
• 所見略同 / 所见略同 (suǒjiànlüètóng)
• 才略 (cáilüè)
• 攻城略地 (gōngchénglüèdì)
• 文經武略 / 文经武略
• 文韜武略 / 文韬武略
• 方技略
• 方略 (fānglüè)
• 智略 (zhìlüè)
• 核子戰略 / 核子战略
• 概略 (gàilüè)
• 權略 / 权略 (quánlüè)
• 略估
• 略勝一籌 / 略胜一筹 (lüèshèngyīchóu)
• 略喻
• 略圖 / 略图 (lüètú)
• 略地 (lüèdì)
• 略地侵城
• 略地攻城
• 略影
• 略微 (lüèwēi)
• 略懂
• 略施小技
• 略施小計 / 略施小计
• 略施薄懲 / 略施薄惩
• 略有耳聞 / 略有耳闻
• 略無參商 / 略无参商
• 略略 (lüèlüè)
• 略盡情誼 / 略尽情谊
• 略知一二 (lüèzhīyī'èr)
• 略知皮毛
• 略綽 / 略绰
• 略見一斑 / 略见一斑
• 略語 / 略语 (lüèyǔ)
• 略誘 / 略诱
• 略識之無 / 略识之无
• 略賣 / 略卖
• 略跡原心 / 略迹原心
• 略跡原情 / 略迹原情 (lüèjìyuánqíng)
• 略述
• 略遜一籌 / 略逊一筹 (lüèxùnyīchóu)
• 略陳管見 / 略陈管见
• 略高一籌 / 略高一筹
• 疏謀少略 / 疏谋少略
• 省略 (shěnglüè)
• 省略號 / 省略号 (shěnglüèhào)
• 策略 (cèlüè)
• 節略 / 节略
• 節略版 / 节略版
• 簡略 / 简略 (jiǎnlüè)
• 籌略 / 筹略
• 粗略 (cūlüè)
• 紀略 / 纪略
• 約略 / 约略 (yuēlüè)
• 經略 / 经略
• 缺略
• 脫略 / 脱略
• 膽略 / 胆略 (dǎnlüè)
• 艾儒略
• 艾略特
• 草略 (cǎolüè)
• 蘇必略湖 / 苏必略湖 (Sūbìlüè Hú)
• 虎略龍韜 / 虎略龙韬
• 要略 (yàolüè)
• 規略 / 规略
• 計略 / 计略 (jìlüè)
• 詳略 / 详略
• 諸子略 / 诸子略
• 謀略 / 谋略 (móulüè)
• 豁略大度
• 豹略
• 軍事戰略 / 军事战略
• 軍略 / 军略
• 較略 / 较略
• 輯略 / 辑略
• 過人才略 / 过人才略
• 遠略 / 远略
• 金匱要略 / 金匮要略
• 長算遠略 / 长算远略
• 開國方略 / 开国方略
• 闊略 / 阔略
• 雄才大略 (xióngcáidàlüè)
• 雄材偉略 / 雄材伟略
• 雄略
• 霸王略
• 霸略
• 韜略 / 韬略 (tāolüè)
• 韻略 / 韵略
• 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)
• 額我略曆 / 额我略历
• 龍韜虎略 / 龙韬虎略

Japanese

Kanji

略

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. plan, strategy
2. to omit
3. to abbreviate
4. to invade

Readings

• Go-on: らく (raku)
• Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おさめる (osameru, 略める)、はかる (hakaru, 略る)、はかりごと (hakarigoto, 略)

Compounds

• 略(りゃく)字(じ) (ryakuji, “colloquial/ simplified form of kanji”)
• 概(がい)略(りゃく) (gairyaku, “outline”)
• 攻(こう)略(りゃく) (kōryaku, “capture”)
• 忽(こつ)略(りゃく) (kotsuryaku, “neglect”)
• 省(しょう)略(りゃく) (shōryaku, “omission”)
• 侵(しん)略(りゃく) (shinryaku, “invasion”)
• 略(りゃく)称(しょう) (ryakushō, “abbreviation”)
• 略(りゃく)図(ず) (ryakuzu, “brief illustration”)
• 略(りゃく)奪(だつ) (ryakudatsu, “rob”)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
略
りゃく Grade: 5
on'yomi

• (Tokyo) りゃく [ryàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) りゃく [ryáꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

略(りゃく) • (ryaku) 

1. omission

   以下(いか)略(りゃく)

   ikaryaku

   as above

2. abbreviation; short for

   特(とっ)急(きゅう)は特(とく)別(べつ)急(きゅう)行(こう)の略(りゃく)。

   Tokkyū wa tokubetsukyūkō no ryaku.

   Tokkyū is the abbreviation of tokubetsukyūkō.

Korean

Hanja

略 (eumhun 간략할 략 (gallyakhal ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 간략할 약 (gallyakhal yak))

1. hanja form^? of 략/약 (“brief, concise”)

略 (eumhun 다스릴 략 (daseuril ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 다스릴 약 (daseuril yak))

1. hanja form^? of 략/약 (“approximately, roughly”)
2. hanja form^? of 략/약 (“outline”)

Vietnamese

Han character

略: Hán Nôm readings: lược, trước

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.