See also:
U+984D, 額
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-984D

[U+984C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+984E]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 181, +9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition )

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+984D

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ): phonetic (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic (head).

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (forehead; cockscomb).

This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).

The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (forehead), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.

Pronunciation edit


Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
  • ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
    • gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
    • ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (31)
    Final () (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter ngaek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ŋˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ŋᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ŋak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ŋaɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ŋɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ŋɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ŋɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    è
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    ngak6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    é
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ngæk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.ŋˁrak/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
    English forehead

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3906
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ŋɡraːɡ/
    Notes

    Definitions edit

    1. (anatomy) forehead
    2. top part
    3. horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
    4. amount; quantity; number
    5. a surname
    Synonyms edit
    • (forehead):
    • (top part): 頂部顶部 (dǐngbù)
    • (horizontal inscribed board):

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. (Shanghainese) Alternative form of (possessive particle)
    Usage notes edit
    • This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to ’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
    • This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.

    References edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. (Mandarin) Alternative form of (an interjection said when hesitating in speech)

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. forehead
    2. amount
    3. frame

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ひたい
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    ひたい
    [noun] forehead
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    がく
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC ngaek).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (がく) (gaku

    1. framed picture
    2. sum, amount
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ぬか
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    ぬか
    [noun] forehead
    [noun] kowtowing
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 이마 (ima aek))

    1. Hanja form? of (forehead).
    2. Hanja form? of (amount).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.