See also: 额
| ||||||||
Translingual
editHan character
edit額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)
Derived characters
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
- Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
- Unihan data for U+984D
Chinese
edit| trad. | 額 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 额* | |
| alternative forms | 頟／额 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 額 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ): phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).
This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).
The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaak6 / ngaak6-2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ngaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: é
- Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: é
- Wade–Giles: o2
- Yale: é
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ңый (ŋɨy, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaak6 / ngaak6-2
- Yale: ngaahk / ngáak
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaak9 / ngaak9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ngag6 / ngag6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiak
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag5
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ak̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiag
- Sinological IPA: /ŋiak⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋieʔ⁵/, /ŋiaʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
- ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
Note:
- hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
- gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
- ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
- Middle Chinese: ngaek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤrak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡraːɡ/
Definitions
edit額
- (anatomy) forehead
- top part
- horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
- amount; quantity; number
- a surname
Synonyms
edit- (forehead):
Compounds
edit- 以手加額 / 以手加额 (yǐshǒujiā'é)
- 低額 / 低额
- 信用額度 / 信用额度 (xìnyòng édù)
- 免稅額 / 免税额
- 全額 / 全额 (quán'é)
- 全額交割 / 全额交割
- 兵額 / 兵额
- 凸額 / 凸额 (tū'é)
- 前額 / 前额 (qián'é)
- 匾額 / 匾额 (biǎn'é)
- 名額 / 名额 (míng'é)
- 員額 / 员额 (yuán'é)
- 增額國代 / 增额国代
- 大額 / 大额
- 學額 / 学额
- 定額 / 定额 (dìng'é)
- 寬減額 / 宽减额
- 寶石額蜂鳥 / 宝石额蜂鸟 (bǎoshí'éfēngniǎo)
- 小額 / 小额 (xiǎo'é)
- 巨額 / 巨额 (jù'é)
- 差額 / 差额 (chā'é)
- 差額選舉 / 差额选举 (chā'é xuǎnjǔ)
- 扁額 / 扁额
- 扣除額 / 扣除额
- 投資額 / 投资额
- 抹額 / 抹额 (mò'é)
- 數額 / 数额 (shù'é)
- 榜額 / 榜额 (bǎng'é)
- 款額 / 款额
- 毛額 / 毛额 (máo'é)
- 浮額 / 浮额
- 溢額 / 溢额
- 滿額 / 满额 (mǎn'é)
- 焦頭爛額 / 焦头烂额 (jiāotóulàn'é)
- 燋頭爛額 / 燋头烂额
- 營業額 / 营业额 (yíngyè'é)
- 爛額焦頭 / 烂额焦头
- 獎額 / 奖额
- 產額 / 产额
- 疾首蹙額 / 疾首蹙额
- 白額虎 / 白额虎
- 白額雁 / 白额雁
- 碑額 / 碑额 (bēi'é)
- 票額 / 票额
- 稅額 / 税额
- 空額 / 空额 (kòng'é)
- 篆額 / 篆额 (zhuàn'é)
- 總額 / 总额 (zǒng'é)
- 缺額 / 缺额
- 舉手加額 / 举手加额
- 舉手扣額 / 举手扣额
- 貂覆額 / 貂覆额
- 貿易差額 / 贸易差额
- 貿易額 / 贸易额
- 資本額 / 资本额
- 超額 / 超额 (chāo'é)
- 超額貸款 / 超额贷款
- 足額 / 足额 (zú'é)
- 蹙額 / 蹙额 (cù'é)
- 蹙額愁眉 / 蹙额愁眉
- 蹙額顰眉 / 蹙额颦眉
- 輓額 / 挽额
- 進口配額 / 进口配额
- 逾額 / 逾额
- 配額 / 配额 (pèi'é)
- 金額 / 金额 (jīn'é)
- 鉅額 / 巨额 (jù'é)
- 銅頭鐵額 / 铜头铁额
- 限額 / 限额 (xiàn'é)
- 面額 / 面额 (miàn'é)
- 額分 / 额分
- 額外 / 额外 (éwài)
- 額外之人 / 额外之人
- 額子 / 额子
- 額定 / 额定 (édìng)
- 額度 / 额度 (édù)
- 額徵 / 额征
- 額我略曆 / 额我略历
- 額手 / 额手
- 額手稱慶 / 额手称庆 (éshǒuchéngqìng)
- 額手稱頌 / 额手称颂
- 額支 / 额支
- 額數 / 额数
- 額滿 / 额满
- 額濟納河 / 额济纳河
- 額爾德尼 / 额尔德尼 (É'ěrdéní)
- 額角 / 额角 (éjiǎo)
- 額頭 / 额头 (étóu)
- 題額 / 题额
- 額顱 / 额颅 (élú)
- 額風痧 / 额风痧
- 額駙 / 额驸 (éfù)
- 額黃 / 额黄
- 顰眉蹙額 / 颦眉蹙额
- 餘額 / 余额 (yú'é)
- 餘額交割 / 余额交割
- 高額 / 高额 (gāo'é)
- 點額 / 点额
- 龍門點額 / 龙门点额
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editDefinitions
edit額
- (Shanghainese) Alternative form of 個 / 个 (“possessive particle”)
Usage notes
edit- This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
- This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.
References
edit- “額”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: è
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit額
Japanese
editKanji
edit額
Readings
edit- Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku)
- Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひたい (hitai, 額, Jōyō)←ひたひ (fitafi, 額, historical)、ぬか (nuka, 額)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 額 |
| ひたい Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 額 |
| がく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
edit- 額銘 (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang
Etymology 3
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 額 |
| ぬか Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɛk̚] ~ [e̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [액/엑]
Hanja
edit
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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