芝
See also: 艺
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
芝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
- Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3176, character 5
- Unihan data for U+829D
Chinese edit
| trad. | 芝 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 芝 | |
| alternative forms | 𦭩 | |
Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 芝 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
芝
- lingzhi; Ganoderma
- Alternative form of 芷
- Used in 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”).
- Used in 芝城 (Zhīchéng, “city of Chicago”).
- a surname
Compounds edit
- 三芝 (Sānzhī)
- 劉蘭芝／刘兰芝
- 張芝／张芝
- 得挹芝眉
- 斑芝 (pan-chi) (Min Nan)
- 焚芝
- 焚芝鋤蕙／焚芝锄蕙
- 王仙芝
- 瑞芝
- 紫芝
- 紫芝眉宇
- 肉芝
- 芝儀／芝仪
- 芝加哥 (Zhījiāgē)
- 芝宇
- 芝標／芝标
- 芝焚蕙嘆／芝焚蕙叹
- 芝田
- 芝眉
- 芝艾俱焚
- 芝草 (zhīcǎo)
- 芝草無根／芝草无根
- 芝蘭／芝兰
- 芝蘭之化／芝兰之化
- 芝蘭之室／芝兰之室
- 芝蘭氣味／芝兰气味
- 芝蘭玉樹／芝兰玉树
- 芝顏／芝颜
- 芝麻 (zhīma)
- 芝麻官 (zhīmaguān)
- 芝麻小事 (zhīmaxiǎoshì)
- 芝麻油 (zhīmayóu)
- 芝麻灣／芝麻湾 (Zhīmawān)
- 芝麻秸
- 芝麻糊 (zhīmahù)
- 芝麻綠豆／芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu)
- 芝麻醬／芝麻酱 (zhīmajiàng)
- 鄭芝龍／郑芝龙
- 野芝麻
- 雲芝／云芝
- 靈芝／灵芝 (língzhī)
- 龍芝茶／龙芝茶
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
芝
Readings edit
- Go-on: し (shi)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kun: しば (shiba, 芝, Jōyō); しざま (shizama)
- Nanori: こげ (koge); しは (shiha); しば (shiba); しはざき (shihazaki); しばさき (shibasaki); しばざき (shibazaki); しばたか (shibataka)
Etymology 1 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芝 |
| しば Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.
This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- grass, turf, green
-
- 芝付乃 御宇良佐伎奈流 根都古具佐 安比見受安良婆 安礼古非米夜母。
- Shibatsuki no Miurasaki naru netsukogusa ahi mizu araba are kohi meyamo.
- The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.
- 芝付乃 御宇良佐伎奈流 根都古具佐 安比見受安良婆 安礼古非米夜母。
-
- Short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
- 芝草 (shibakusa): longer form of 芝 (shiba)
- 芝居 (shibai)
- 芝屋 (shibaya): archaic synonym of 芝居 (shibai)
- 芝生 (shibafu)
- 芝地 (shibachi): synonym of 芝生 (shibafu)
- 芝芋 (shibaimo)
- 芝引 (shibahiki)
- 芝浦 (shibaura)
- 芝浜 (shibahama): synonym of 芝浦 (shibaura), or a type of rakugo
- 芝火 (shibabi)
- 芝蝦 (shiba ebi), 芝海老 (shiba ebi)
- 芝刈 (shiba kari)
- 芝刈機 (shiba kariki)
- 芝起 (shiba okoshi)
- 芝の砌 (shiba no migiri)
- 芝居唄 (shibai uta)
- 芝居絵 (shibai e)
- 芝居掛 (shibaigakari)
- 芝居気 (shibaigi), 芝居気 (shibaige)
- 芝居心 (shibaigokoro): synonym of 芝居気 (shibaigi)
- 芝居座 (shibaiza)
- 芝居子 (shibaiko)
- 芝居者 (shibai mono)
- 芝居酒盛 (shibai sakamori), 芝酒盛 (shiba sakamori)
- 芝居小屋 (shibaigoya)
- 芝居染みる (shibaijimiru)
- 芝居銭 (shibaisen)
- 芝居茶屋 (shibaijaya)
- 芝居町 (shibai machi)
- 芝居唐人 (shibai tōjin)
- 芝居鳶 (shibai tonbi)
- 芝居番付 (shibai banzuke)
- 芝居話 (shibaibanashi)
- 芝魚 (shibazakana), 芝肴 (shibazakana)
- 芝競 (shiba kurabe)
- 芝繋 (shiba tsunagi)
- 芝見 (shibami)
- 芝原 (shibahara)
- 芝公園 (shiba kōen)
- 芝采 (shibazai)
- 芝菜 (shibana)
- 芝桜 (shibazakura)
- 芝山 (shibayama)
- 芝山古墳群 (Shibayama Kofun-gun): a group of kofun tombs in Chiba Prefecture
- 芝煮 (shibani)
- 芝手 (shibate)
- 芝手水 (shibachōzu)
- 芝焼 (shibayaki): synonym of 野焼 (noyaki)
- 芝大神宮 (Shiba Daijingū)
- 芝神明 (Shiba Shinmei): synonym of 芝大神宮 (Shiba Daijingū)
- 芝神明祭 (Shiba Shinmei Matsuri)
- 芝菅 (shibasuge)
- 芝摺 (shibasuri)
- 芝切 (shibakiri)
- 芝切神事 (Shibakiri Shinji)
- 芝全交 (Shiba Zenkō)
- 芝祐泰 (Shiba Sukehiro)
- 芝打 (shiba uchi)
- 芝打長 (shiba uchinaga)
- 芝茸 (shibatake): synonym of 網茸 (amitake), a type of mushroom
- 芝築地 (shibatsuiji)
- 芝田楽 (shiba dengaku)
- 芝土居 (shiba doi)
- 芝突 (shibatsuki)
- 芝能 (Shiba Nō): synonym of 薪能 (Takigi Nō), a type of Noh play
- 芝派 (shibaha)
- 芝野 (shibano)
- 芝矢 (shibaya)
- 芝蘭堂 (Shirandō): an academy of Western learning in the late Edo period
- 芝離宮 (Shiba Rikyū): an imperial villa, formerly located on the shores of the bay in Minato-ku, Tōkyō, later converted into a park
- 芝露 (shiba tsuyu): dew on grass
Proper noun edit
- a surname
Verb edit
芝する • (shiba suru) suru (stem 芝し (shiba shi), past 芝した (shiba shita))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 芝し | しばし | shiba shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 芝し | しばし | shiba shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 芝する | しばする | shiba suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 芝する | しばする | shiba suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 芝すれ | しばすれ | shiba sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 芝せよ¹ 芝しろ² |
しばせよ¹ しばしろ² |
shiba seyo¹ shiba shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 芝される | しばされる | shiba sareru | |
| Causative | 芝させる 芝さす |
しばさせる しばさす |
shiba saseru shiba sasu | |
| Potential | 芝できる | しばできる | shiba dekiru | |
| Volitional | 芝しよう | しばしよう | shiba shiyō | |
| Negative | 芝しない | しばしない | shiba shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 芝せず | しばせず | shiba sezu | |
| Formal | 芝します | しばします | shiba shimasu | |
| Perfective | 芝した | しばした | shiba shita | |
| Conjunctive | 芝して | しばして | shiba shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 芝すれば | しばすれば | shiba sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芝 |
| しざま Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) + 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[2] The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
- This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.
Etymology 3 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芝 |
| し Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
- 芝翫下駄 (Shikangeta): a type of geta sandal popular in the Edo period
- 芝翫縞 (Shikanjima): a particular striped pattern for kimono, popular in the Edo period
- 芝翫茶 (Shikancha): a color for dying cloth, a slightly reddish-purple shade of chestnut
- 芝仙延年 (shisen ennen): a theme for traditional painting in China, Korea, and Japan, depicting the 万年茸 (mannentake) mushroom, pines, and rocky crags
- 芝仙祝寿 (shisenshukuju): a theme for traditional painting in China, Korea, and Japan, depicting the 万年茸 (mannentake) mushroom, cranes (the birds), bamboo, and plum trees
- 芝草 (shisō): alternate for 万年茸 (mannentake), a type of mushroom
- 芝眉 (shibi): an honorific term for referring to someone else's face
- 芝蘭 (shiran): fragrant grass; (metaphorically) an excellent person
- 霊芝 (reishi): alternate for 万年茸 (mannentake), a type of mushroom
Etymology 4 edit
Used as ateji in various surnames.
Proper noun edit
- a surname
Proper noun edit
- a surname
Proper noun edit
- a surname
Proper noun edit
- a surname
References edit
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
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