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芝

芝 U+829D, 芝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-829D
← 芜
[U+829C]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 芞 →
[U+829E]
See also: 艺

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

芝 (radical 140 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)

  1. sesame
  2. a purplish or brown mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) used in traditional Asian medicine and believed to have miraculous powers
  3. 'a divine and felicitous plant' (Karlgren)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1019, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3176, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+829D

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 芝

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
之 *tjɯ
芝 *tjɯ
志 *tjɯs
痣 *tjɯs
娡 *tjɯs
誌 *tjɯs
蚩 *tʰjɯ
妛 *tʰjɯ
嗤 *tʰjɯ
媸 *tʰjɯ
旹 *djɯ
滍 *diʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 芝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 止而切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕɨ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕɨ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cɨ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiə/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhī
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 芝
Reading # 1/1
No. 17189
Phonetic
component		 之
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 之
Old
Chinese		 /*tjɯ/

DefinitionsEdit

芝

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

芝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. turf, lawn, grass

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
芝: common grass, especially as found in lawns.
 
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.

This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

芝 (hiragana しば, rōmaji shiba)

  1. grass, turf
    芝付乃 御宇良佐伎奈流 根都古具佐 安比見受安良婆 安礼古非米夜母。[2]
    芝 (しば)付 (つき)の　御宇良崎 (みうらさき)なる　ねつこ草 (ぐさ)　相見 (あひみ)ずあらば　我 (あ)れ恋 (こ)ひめやも。
    Shibatsukino miurasakinaru netsukogusa ahimizuaraba arekohimeyamo.
    The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.
  2. short for 芝見 (​shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
  • 芝繋 (しばつなぎ, ​shiba tsunagi):
  • 芝見 (しばみ, ​shibami):
  • 芝原 (しばはら, ​shibahara):
  • 芝公園 (しばこうえん, ​shiba kōen):
  • 芝采 (しばざい, ​shibazai):
  • 芝菜 (しばな, ​shibana):
  • 芝桜 (しばざくら, ​shibazakura):
  • 芝山 (しばやま, ​shibayama):
  • 芝山古墳群 (しばやまこふんぐん, ​Shibayama Kofun-gun): a group of kofun tombs in Chiba Prefecture
  • 芝煮 (しばに, ​shibani):
  • 芝手 (しばて, ​shibate):
  • 芝手水 (しばちょうず, ​shibachōzu):
  • 芝焼 (しばやき, ​shibayaki) alternate for 野焼 (​noyaki):
  • 芝大神宮 (しばだいじんぐう, ​Shiba Daijingū):
  • 芝神明 (しばしんめい, ​Shiba Shinmei) alternate for 芝大神宮 (​Shiba Daijingū):
  • 芝神明祭 (しばしんめいまつり, ​Shiba Shinmei Matsuri):
  • 芝菅 (しばすげ, ​shibasuge):
  • 芝摺 (しばすり, ​shibasuri):
  • 芝切 (しばきり, ​shibakiri):
  • 芝切神事 (しばきりしんじ, ​Shibakiri Shinji):
  • 芝全交 (しばぜんこう, ​Shiba Zenkō):
  • 芝祐泰 (しばすけひろ, ​Shiba Sukehiro):
  • 芝打 (しばうち, ​shiba uchi):
  • 芝打長 (しばうちなが, ​shiba uchinaga):
  • 芝茸 (しばたけ, ​shibatake): alternate for 網茸 (​amitake), a type of mushroom
  • 芝築地 (しばついじ, ​shibatsuiji):
  • 芝田楽 (しばでんがく, ​shiba dengaku):
  • 芝土居 (しばどい, ​shiba doi):
  • 芝突 (しばつき, ​shibatsuki):
  • 芝能 (しばのう, ​Shiba Nō): alternate for 薪能 (​Takigi Nō), a type of Noh play
  • 芝派 (しばは, ​shibaha):
  • 芝野 (しばの, ​shibano):
  • 芝矢 (しばや, ​shibaya):
  • 芝蘭堂 (しらんどう, ​Shirandō): an academy of Western learning in the late Edo period
  • 芝離宮 (しばりきゅう, ​Shiba Rikyū): an imperial villa, formerly located on the shores of the bay in Minato-ku, Tōkyō, later converted into a park
  • 芝露 (しばつゆ, ​shiba tsuyu): dew on grass

Proper nounEdit

芝 (hiragana しば, rōmaji Shiba)

  1. A surname​.

VerbEdit

芝する (hiragana しば, rōmaji shiba)

  1. short for 芝見 (​shibami): to hide in the grass and spy on one's enemies or scout out the situation
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 芝し しばし shiba shi
Continuative (連用形) 芝し しばし shiba shi
Terminal (終止形) 芝する しばする shiba suru
Attributive (連体形) 芝する しばする shiba suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 芝すれ しばすれ shiba sure
Imperative (命令形) 芝せよ¹
芝しろ²		 しばせよ¹
しばしろ²		 shiba seyo¹
shiba shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 芝される しばされる shiba sareru
Causative 芝させる
芝さす		 しばさせる
しばさす		 shiba saseru
shiba sasu
Potential 芝できる しばできる shiba dekiru
Volitional 芝しよう しばしよう shiba shiyō
Negative 芝しない しばしない shiba shinai
Negative continuative 芝せず しばせず shiba sezu
Formal 芝します しばします shiba shimasu
Perfective 芝した しばした shiba shita
Conjunctive 芝して しばして shiba shite
Hypothetical conditional 芝すれば しばすれば shiba sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2Edit

Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) +‎ 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[3] The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

芝 (hiragana しざま, rōmaji shizama)

  1. (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
    This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.

Etymology 3Edit

From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).

PronunciationEdit

AffixEdit

芝 (hiragana し, rōmaji shi)

  1. the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
  • 霊芝 (れいし, ​reishi): alternate for 万年茸 (​mannentake), a type of mushroom

Etymology 4Edit

Used as ateji in various surnames.

Proper nounEdit

芝 (hiragana しはざき, rōmaji Shihazaki)

  1. A surname​.

Proper nounEdit

芝 (hiragana しばさき, rōmaji Shibasaki)

  1. A surname​.

Proper nounEdit

芝 (hiragana しばざき, rōmaji Shibazaki)

  1. A surname​.

Proper nounEdit

芝 (hiragana しばたか, rōmaji Shibataka)

  1. A surname​.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  2. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3508); [1]
  3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune-Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

芝 (chi, liện, liên)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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