Wiktionary

-ere

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ere"

Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch -eren. Compare also the more native Afrikaans -ers.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-ere

  1. forms the plurals of six nouns
    ‎been (“leg; bone”) + ‎-ere → ‎beendere (“bones”)
    ‎gelid (“rank”) + ‎-ere → ‎geledere (“ranks”)
    ‎gemoed (“mind”) + ‎-ere → ‎gemoedere (“minds”)
    ‎goed (“good”) + ‎-ere → ‎goedere (“goods”)
    ‎lied (“song; hymn”) + ‎-ere → ‎liedere (“hymns”)
    ‎volk (“people”) + ‎-ere → ‎volkere (“peoples”)

Usage notes

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  • In most of the above cases, either the word as such or the plural belongs to a more literary register.
  • The noun blaar (“leaf”) is a backformation from a plural originally using this suffix (from Dutch blad > bladeren > blaren).

Danish

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Etymology

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Borrowed as part of Latin, French or German verbs. Cognate to French -er, German -ieren, Swedish -era.

Suffix

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-ere

  1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolutionere (“to revolutionise”), from revolution.

References

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Danish terms suffixed with -ere

Italian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Latin -ēre (second conjugation).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈe.re/
  • Rhymes: -ere
  • Hyphenation: -é‧re

Suffix

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-ére (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular past historic -étti or (traditional) -ètti, past participle -ùto, auxiliary avére or èssere)

  1. stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of -ére (-ere) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
infinitive -ére
auxiliary verb avére, èssere gerund -èndo
present participle -ènte past participle -ùto
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative io tu lui/lei, esso/essa noi voi loro, essi/esse
present -o -i -e -iàmo -éte -ono
imperfect -évo -évi -éva -evàmo -evàte -évano
past historic -étti, -ètti1 -ésti -étte, -ètte1 -émmo -éste -éttero, -èttero1
future -erò -erài -erà -erémo -eréte -erànno
conditional io tu lui/lei, esso/essa noi voi loro, essi/esse
present -erèi -erésti -erèbbe, -erébbe -erémmo -eréste -erèbbero, -erébbero
subjunctive che io che tu che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa che noi che voi che loro, che essi/che esse
present -a -a -a -iàmo -iàte -ano
imperfect -éssi -éssi -ésse -éssimo -éste -éssero
imperative — tu Lei noi voi Loro
-i -a -iàmo -éte -ano
negative imperative non -ére non -a non -iàmo non -éte non -ano

1Traditional.

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Latin -ere (third conjugation).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /e.re/
  • Hyphenation: -e‧re

Suffix

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-ere (verb-forming suffix)

  1. stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
Usage notes
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  • See ricevere as an example of a regular -ere verb.
  • There are two groups of irregular -ere verbs:
    • Those in the first group have multiple irregularities (sometimes even in the infinitive), but several related verbs are conjugated in the same way.
    • Those in the second group have irregular past participles and/or, in the past historic have an irregular stem in the first- and third-person singular and the third-person plural.
Conjugation
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  • Identical to above except for the root stress in the infinitive.
Derived terms
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First group (see usage notes)
Second group (see usage notes)

See also

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɛ.re/
  • Rhymes: -ɛre
  • Hyphenation: -è‧re

Suffix

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-ere m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eri)

  1. Alternative form of -iere
Usage notes
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  • Used in particular after stems ending in -gn-, e.g. ingegnere.

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Italic *-ezi, from Proto-Indo-European *-esi, locative case of action nouns, which end in *-os in the nominative. Similar to Ancient Greek -ειν (-ein) < *-ehen, which comes from an alternative locative case form, *-esen.

    Note adverbial temere.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. present active infinitive of -ō (third conjugation)
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Italic *-ēzi, in which z changed into r due to rhotacism. Formed by analogy with the short-vowel ending -ere for the Proto-Italic and Latin second conjugation (Etymology 1 above).

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ēre

    1. present active infinitive of -eō (second conjugation)

    Etymology 3

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ēre

    1. second-person singular present passive subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)
    2. second-person singular present passive indicative of -eō (second conjugation)

    Etymology 4

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    From Proto-Italic -ēri, third person plural perfect active ending.

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used for the third person present perfect plural form of any regular verb.
    Usage notes
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    • This form is obsolete, having been superseded by -ērunt.

    Middle Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz (masc. agent suffix).

    Suffix

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    -ere m

    1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

    Derived terms

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    Middle Dutch terms suffixed with -ere

    Descendants

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    • Dutch: -er, -aar
    • Limburgish: -er

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology

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    From Old Norse -era, through Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.

    Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolusjonere (“to revolutionise”), from revolusjon (“revolution”). Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.

    References

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    Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -ere

    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Old Norse -era, through Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.

    Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word. Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.

    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -ere

    Old English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.

      Uncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from Latin -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.

      Cognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri.

      Pronunciation

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      Suffix

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      -ere

      1. masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns
        Synonyms: -a, -end
        ‎dōm (“judgement”) + ‎-ere → ‎dōmere (“judge”)
        ‎fugol (“bird”) + ‎-ere → ‎fuglere (“fowler”)

      Declension

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      Declension of -ere (strong ja-stem)
      Case Singular Plural
      nominative -ere -eras
      accusative -ere -eras
      genitive -eres -era
      dative -ere -erum

      Derived terms

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      Old English terms suffixed with -ere

      Descendants

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      Old French

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      Alternative forms

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      Suffix

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      -ere

      1. nominative singular of -or (agent noun suffix)
        Le chanteor → li chantere
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