degt
Latvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti (“to burn”).
Regarding the different conjugation of transitive/intransitive, Carrasquer Vidal summarizes the situation as follows: "considering that transitives such as ja-presents make ē-preterits, while intransitives, such as n-infix verbs and sta-verbs, mostly make ā-preterits, a solution focusing on transitivity ~ intransitivity (active vs. middle) suggests itself,"[1] i.e., it is not an ad hoc formation to differentiate the two uses but rather the reason why the two conjugation types are different to begin with.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editdegt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present degu, dedz, deg, past degu)
- (of objects, substances) to burn (to be consumed by fire)
- degt lēni, strauji ― to burn slowly, quickly
- degt ar spožu liesmu ― to burn with a bright flame
- degt bez dūmiem ― to burn without smoke
- papiross deg ― the cigarette is burning
- māja, pilsēta, mežs deg ― the house, the city, the forest is burning
- malka deg krāsnī ― the firewood is burning in the stove
- slapjie žagari slikti deg ― wet birches burn badly
- (only 3rd person, of fire itself) to burn
- pakalna vidū neliel ieplakā deg ugunskurs... deg gaiši, līksmi, priecīgi ― in the middle of the hill, in a little hollow place, the campfire is burning... it burns bright, cheerful, happy
- krāsnī gaiši dega uguns, sarkanām mēlēm laizīdama lielās, sausās egļu pagales ― in the stove the fire burned bright, licking the big, dry spruce logs with (its) red tongues
- (of food, pans, etc.) to burn (to be heated, roasted, baked etc. in excess)
- gaļa deg pannā ― the meat is burning in a pan
- maize krāsnī deg ― the bread is burning in the oven
- panna deg ― the pan is burning
- (of substances) to burn (to be flammable, to be capable of burning)
- labi deg arī dažu viegli gaistošu šķidrumu: ētera, spirta, acetona, benzola, benzīna un citu ― several volatile fluids also burn well: ether, alcohol, acetone, benzene, gasoline and others
- (of objects) to burn, to be on (to produce heat and/or light)
- gāzes plīts deg ― the gas stove is burning (= on)
- sērkociņš deg ― the match is burning
- lāpa deg ― the torch is burning (= on)
- uz galda deg tauku svece ― on the table a fat candle was burning
- pazemē šahtā deg dienasgaismas spuldzes ― underground, in the mine, the fluorescent lights are burning (= are on)
- pārbaudīt, vai spuldzes deg ― to check if the light bulb works (lit. burns)
- gaisma deg visās istabās ― the light is on (lit. burning) in all rooms
- (of heavenly bodies) to burn, to shine brightly, to produce light
- bet augšā deg liela, liela, balta saule, un zilās debesis ir bezgalīgi dziļas un plašas ― but up above a big, big white sun is burning, and the blue sky is infinitely deep and wide
- viņai likās, ka zvaigznes, kas spožas un dzirkstošas dega pie rudens debess, mirkšķina viņai ― it seemed to her that the stars, which were burning (= shining) sparkingly on the autumn sky, were winking at her
- (of people, their body parts) to burn (to feel an intense feeling of heat, or an intense irritation, intense pain; also metaphorically)
- karstā ūdenī rokas deg ― (one's) hands burn in hot water
- seja deg saulē ― (his) face burns in the sun
- rokas deg no sala ― (his) hands are burning from the frost
- vējā vaigi deg ― (one's) cheeks burn in the cool wind
- vaigi deg aiz kauna ― (one's) cheeks burn with shame
- kad lapsene iedur, tā vieta deg tikpat kā ugunī ― when a wasp stings, the place burns just like fire
- ēšanu vēl varētu paciest, bet slāpes bija neizturamas... mute izkaltusi, un rīkle dega kā izplucināta ― eating could be tolerated, but the thirst was unbearable... the mouth was dry, and the throat burned as if scalded
- (figuratively, of illnesses, ill people) to burn, to be hot (to have a fever)
- slimais deg kā ugunī ― the sick person was burning as if in a fire (= had a strong fever)
- bērns dega kā uguns un drebēja no sala ― the child was hot like fire and trembled from the cold
- mājās pārbraukusi, degu un karšu... laikam esmu apsaldējusies un man sacēlies drudzis, es domāju un izmērīju temperatūru ― having returned home, I am burning and hot... maybe I've caught a cold and now have a fever, I think and measure (my) temperature
- (figuratively, colloquial, of hay, grass, etc.) to heat up in humidity, in humid conditions
- slapjais siens šķūnī deg ― the wet hay is burning in the barn
- zaļbarība kaudzē deg ― the grass fodder is burning in a pile
- (figuratively, of people, their feelings) to burn (to feel an emotion very strongly; to desire something very strongly)
- degt ilgās ― to burn with (lit. in) longing, desire
- degt dusmās ― to burn with (lit. in) anger
- degt aizrautībā ― to burn with (lit. in) passion
- degt priekā ― to burn with (lit. in) joy
- degt ziņkārē ― to burn with (lit. in) curiosity
- degtin degt pēc darba ― to burn (= yearn) for work
- viņš deg par moderno mūziku ― he burns (= is enthusiastic) about modern music
- brīvības ilgas dega tautā visu garo verdzības nakti ― the desire for freedom burned in the people all through the long night of slavery
- sejas dega satraukumā, un lūpas bija pavērtas brīvības saucienam ― (their) faces burned with (lit. in) excitement, and (their) lips were open to cries of freedom
- degdams naidā pret latviešu tautas, tās valodas un kultūras noniecinātājiem, Kronvaldu Atis uzbrūk feodālajiem vācu kungiem ― burning with (lit. in) hate against those who belittled the Latvian people, their language and culture, Atis Kronvalds attacked the German feudal lords
- tu sajūti, ka esi dzīvs, ka vari degt par visu jauno ― you feel that you are alive, that you can burn (= yearn) for everything new
- (figuratively, in the 3rd person, of fights, struggles) to burn (to happen intensely)
- deg nemieri valsts sirdī pašā ― unrest is burning in the very heart of the country
- (figuratively, in the 3rd person, colloquial) to be urgent, to be in a hurry
- bet es varu pagaidīt; man vēl nedeg ― but I can wait; I am not yet in a hurry (lit. it is not yet burning to me)
- es arī aizskrēju uz upmalu... pabradāju, papeldējos un tūlīt atkal uz mājām... “tu tā bizo? kas tev deg?” ― I also ran to the river bank... I paddle and swim a little and then I go immediately back home. “(why) are you galloping like that? what is burning to you? (= why the hurry?)”
Usage notes
editExcept in metaphorical uses (“to have a fever,” “to burn with anger,” etc.), degt usually occurs only in the third person.
Conjugation
editINDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | degu | degu | degšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | dedz | degi | degsi | dedz |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | deg | dega | degs | lai deg |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | degam | degām | degsim | degsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | degat | degāt | degsiet, degsit |
dedziet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | deg | dega | degs | lai deg |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | degot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | degošs | ||
Past | esot dedzis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | degdams | ||
Future | degšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | degot | ||
Imperative | lai degot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | degam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dedzis | |||
Present | degtu | Present Passive | degams | ||
Past | būtu dedzis | Past Passive | degts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jādeg | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | degt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jādeg | Negative Infinitive | nedegt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jādegot | Verbal noun | degšana |
Verb
editdegt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present dedzu, dedz, dedz, past dedzu)
- (transitive, usually with ie-) (of light sources) to light
- viņš iededza gaismu ― he turned on the light
Conjugation
editINDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | dedzu | dedzu | degšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | dedz | dedzi | degsi | dedz |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dedz | dedza | degs | lai dedz |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | dedzam | dedzām | degsim | degsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | dedzat | dedzāt | degsiet, degsit |
dedziet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dedz | dedza | degs | lai dedz |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | dedzot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | dedzošs | ||
Past | esot dedzis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | degdams | ||
Future | degšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | dedzot | ||
Imperative | lai dedzot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | dedzam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dedzis | |||
Present | degtu | Present Passive | dedzams | ||
Past | būtu dedzis | Past Passive | degts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jādedz | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | degt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jādedz | Negative Infinitive | nedegt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jādedzot | Verbal noun | degšana |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References
editSudovian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti (“to burn”). Compare Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt.[1][2]
Verb
editdegt
- to burn
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 188, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
References
edit- ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 1 (in Lithuanian), Vilnius: VU, , page 71: “degt ‘deginti, degti, l. pałić’ 188.”
- ^ “dègti” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. degt vb. ‘(ver)brennen’”.
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian intransitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian colloquialisms
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian unchanging first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -gt or -kt
- Latvian transitive verbs
- lv:Fire
- Sudovian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Sudovian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Sudovian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sudovian lemmas
- Sudovian verbs
- xsv:Fire
- Sudovian terms with quotations