degt
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti (“to burn”).
Regarding the different conjugation of transitive/intransitive, Carrasquer Vidal summarizes the situation as follows: "considering that transitives such as ja-presents make ē-preterits, while intransitives, such as n-infix verbs and sta-verbs, mostly make ā-preterits, a solution focusing on transitivity ~ intransitivity (active vs. middle) suggests itself,"[1] i.e., it is not an ad hoc formation to differentiate the two uses but rather the reason why the two conjugation types are different to begin with.
Pronunciation edit
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Verb edit
degt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present degu, dedz, deg, past degu)
- (of objects, substances) to burn (to be consumed by fire)
- degt lēni, strauji ― to burn slowly, quickly
- degt ar spožu liesmu ― to burn with a bright flame
- degt bez dūmiem ― to burn without smoke
- papiross deg ― the cigarette is burning
- māja, pilsēta, mežs deg ― the house, the city, the forest is burning
- malka deg krāsnī ― the firewood is burning in the stove
- slapjie žagari slikti deg ― wet birches burn badly
- (only 3rd person, of fire itself) to burn
- pakalna vidū neliel ieplakā deg ugunskurs... deg gaiši, līksmi, priecīgi ― in the middle of the hill, in a little hollow place, the campfire is burning... it burns bright, cheerful, happy
- krāsnī gaiši dega uguns, sarkanām mēlēm laizīdama lielās, sausās egļu pagales ― in the stove the fire burned bright, licking the big, dry spruce logs with (its) red tongues
- (of food, pans, etc.) to burn (to be heated, roasted, baked etc. in excess)
- gaļa deg pannā ― the meat is burning in a pan
- maize krāsnī deg ― the bread is burning in the oven
- panna deg ― the pan is burning
- (of substances) to burn (to be flammable, to be capable of burning)
- labi deg arī dažu viegli gaistošu šķidrumu: ētera, spirta, acetona, benzola, benzīna un citu ― several volatile fluids also burn well: ether, alcohol, acetone, benzene, gasoline and others
- (of objects) to burn, to be on (to produce heat and/or light)
- gāzes plīts deg ― the gas stove is burning (= on)
- sērkociņš deg ― the match is burning
- lāpa deg ― the torch is burning (= on)
- uz galda deg tauku svece ― on the table a fat candle was burning
- pazemē šahtā deg dienasgaismas spuldzes ― underground, in the mine, the fluorescent lights are burning (= are on)
- pārbaudīt, vai spuldzes deg ― to check if the light bulb works (lit. burns)
- gaisma deg visās istabās ― the light is on (lit. burning) in all rooms
- (of heavenly bodies) to burn, to shine brightly, to produce light
- bet augšā deg liela, liela, balta saule, un zilās debesis ir bezgalīgi dziļas un plašas ― but up above a big, big white sun is burning, and the blue sky is infinitely deep and wide
- viņai likās, ka zvaigznes, kas spožas un dzirkstošas dega pie rudens debess, mirkšķina viņai ― it seemed to her that the stars, which were burning (= shining) sparkingly on the autumn sky, were winking at her
- (of people, their body parts) to burn (to feel an intense feeling of heat, or an intense irritation, intense pain; also metaphorically)
- karstā ūdenī rokas deg ― (one's) hands burn in hot water
- seja deg saulē ― (his) face burns in the sun
- rokas deg no sala ― (his) hands are burning from the frost
- vējā vaigi deg ― (one's) cheeks burn in the cool wind
- vaigi deg aiz kauna ― (one's) cheeks burn with shame
- kad lapsene iedur, tā vieta deg tikpat kā ugunī ― when a wasp stings, the place burns just like fire
- ēšanu vēl varētu paciest, bet slāpes bija neizturamas... mute izkaltusi, un rīkle dega kā izplucināta ― eating could be tolerated, but the thirst was unbearable... the mouth was dry, and the throat burned as if scalded
- (figuratively, of illnesses, ill people) to burn, to be hot (to have a fever)
- slimais deg kā ugunī ― the sick person was burning as if in a fire (= had a strong fever)
- bērns dega kā uguns un drebēja no sala ― the child was hot like fire and trembled from the cold
- mājās pārbraukusi, degu un karšu... laikam esmu apsaldējusies un man sacēlies drudzis, es domāju un izmērīju temperatūru ― having returned home, I am burning and hot... maybe I've caught a cold and now have a fever, I think and measure (my) temperature
- (figuratively, colloquial, of hay, grass, etc.) to heat up in humidity, in humid conditions
- slapjais siens šķūnī deg ― the wet hay is burning in the barn
- zaļbarība kaudzē deg ― the grass fodder is burning in a pile
- (figuratively, of people, their feelings) to burn (to feel an emotion very strongly; to desire something very strongly)
- degt ilgās ― to burn with (lit. in) longing, desire
- degt dusmās ― to burn with (lit. in) anger
- degt aizrautībā ― to burn with (lit. in) passion
- degt priekā ― to burn with (lit. in) joy
- degt ziņkārē ― to burn with (lit. in) curiosity
- degtin degt pēc darba ― to burn (= yearn) for work
- viņš deg par moderno mūziku ― he burns (= is enthusiastic) about modern music
- brīvības ilgas dega tautā visu garo verdzības nakti ― the desire for freedom burned in the people all through the long night of slavery
- sejas dega satraukumā, un lūpas bija pavērtas brīvības saucienam ― (their) faces burned with (lit. in) excitement, and (their) lips were open to cries of freedom
- degdams naidā pret latviešu tautas, tās valodas un kultūras noniecinātājiem, Kronvaldu Atis uzbrūk feodālajiem vācu kungiem ― burning with (lit. in) hate against those who belittled the Latvian people, their language and culture, Atis Kronvalds attacked the German feudal lords
- tu sajūti, ka esi dzīvs, ka vari degt par visu jauno ― you feel that you are alive, that you can burn (= yearn) for everything new
- (figuratively, in the 3rd person, of fights, struggles) to burn (to happen intensely)
- deg nemieri valsts sirdī pašā ― unrest is burning in the very heart of the country
- (figuratively, in the 3rd person, colloquial) to be urgent, to be in a hurry
- bet es varu pagaidīt; man vēl nedeg ― but I can wait; I am not yet in a hurry (lit. it is not yet burning to me)
- es arī aizskrēju uz upmalu... pabradāju, papeldējos un tūlīt atkal uz mājām... “tu tā bizo? kas tev deg?” ― I also ran to the river bank... I paddle and swim a little and then I go immediately back home. “(why) are you galloping like that? what is burning to you? (= why the hurry?)”
Usage notes edit
Except in metaphorical uses (“to have a fever,” “to burn with anger,” etc.), degt usually occurs only in the third person.
Conjugation edit
conjugation of degt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | degu | degu | degšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | dedz | degi | degsi | dedz |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | deg | dega | degs | lai deg |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | degam | degām | degsim | degsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | degat | degāt | degsiet, degsit |
dedziet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | deg | dega | degs | lai deg |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | degot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | degošs | ||
| Past | esot dedzis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | degdams | ||
| Future | degšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | degot | ||
| Imperative | lai degot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | degam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dedzis | |||
| Present | degtu | Present Passive | degams | ||
| Past | būtu dedzis | Past Passive | degts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jādeg | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | degt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jādeg | Negative Infinitive | nedegt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jādegot | Verbal noun | degšana | ||
Verb edit
degt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present dedzu, dedz, dedz, past dedzu)
- (transitive, usually with ie-) (of light sources) to light
- viņš iededza gaismu ― he turned on the light
Conjugation edit
conjugation of degt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | dedzu | dedzu | degšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | dedz | dedzi | degsi | dedz |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dedz | dedza | degs | lai dedz |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | dedzam | dedzām | degsim | degsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | dedzat | dedzāt | degsiet, degsit |
dedziet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dedz | dedza | degs | lai dedz |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | dedzot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | dedzošs | ||
| Past | esot dedzis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | degdams | ||
| Future | degšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | dedzot | ||
| Imperative | lai dedzot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | dedzam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dedzis | |||
| Present | degtu | Present Passive | dedzams | ||
| Past | būtu dedzis | Past Passive | degts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jādedz | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | degt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jādedz | Negative Infinitive | nedegt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jādedzot | Verbal noun | degšana | ||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References edit
Sudovian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti (“to burn”). Compare Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt.[1][2]
Verb edit
degt
- to burn
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 188, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
References edit
- ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, number 1, page 71: “degt ‘deginti, degti, l. pałić’ 188.”
- ^ “dègti” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. degt vb. ‘(ver)brennen’”.