dormir
Asturian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
dormir (first-person singular indicative present dormo, past participle dormíu)
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”). Compare Occitan dormir, French dormir, Spanish dormir.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
dormir (first-person singular present dormo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormit); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /ɔ/
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
infinitive | dormir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | dormint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | dormit | dormida | |||||
plural | dormits | dormides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | dormo | dorms | dorm | dormim | dormiu | dormen | |
imperfect | dormia | dormies | dormia | dormíem | dormíeu | dormien | |
future | dormiré | dormiràs | dormirà | dormirem | dormireu | dormiran | |
preterite | dormí | dormires | dormí | dormírem | dormíreu | dormiren | |
conditional | dormiria | dormiries | dormiria | dormiríem | dormiríeu | dormirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | dormi | dormis | dormi | dormim | dormiu | dormin | |
imperfect | dormís | dormissis | dormís | dormíssim | dormíssiu | dormissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | dorm | dormi | dormim | dormiu | dormin | |
negative (no) | — | no dormis | no dormi | no dormim | no dormiu | no dormin |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “dormir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “dormir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “dormir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “dormir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French dormir, from Old French dormir, from Latin dormīre (“to sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
dormir
- (intransitive) to sleep
- Synonym: pioncer
- Hyponyms: faire la sieste, faire un somme, sommeiller, somnoler, siester
- Vous devriez essayer de dormir. ― You should try to sleep.
- Je dormais quand vous avez appelé. ― I was sleeping when you called.
Conjugation edit
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and servir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms (je, tu) dors and (il) dort in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *dormis and *dormit (as in the past historic).
infinitive | simple | dormir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | dormant /dɔʁ.mɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | dormi /dɔʁ.mi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | dors /dɔʁ/ |
dors /dɔʁ/ |
dort /dɔʁ/ |
dormons /dɔʁ.mɔ̃/ |
dormez /dɔʁ.me/ |
dorment /dɔʁm/ |
imperfect | dormais /dɔʁ.mɛ/ |
dormais /dɔʁ.mɛ/ |
dormait /dɔʁ.mɛ/ |
dormions /dɔʁ.mjɔ̃/ |
dormiez /dɔʁ.mje/ |
dormaient /dɔʁ.mɛ/ | |
past historic2 | dormis /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormis /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormit /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormîmes /dɔʁ.mim/ |
dormîtes /dɔʁ.mit/ |
dormirent /dɔʁ.miʁ/ | |
future | dormirai /dɔʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
dormiras /dɔʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
dormira /dɔʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
dormirons /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ |
dormirez /dɔʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
dormiront /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | dormirais /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
dormirais /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
dormirait /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
dormirions /dɔʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
dormiriez /dɔʁ.mi.ʁje/ |
dormiraient /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | dorme /dɔʁm/ |
dormes /dɔʁm/ |
dorme /dɔʁm/ |
dormions /dɔʁ.mjɔ̃/ |
dormiez /dɔʁ.mje/ |
dorment /dɔʁm/ |
imperfect2 | dormisse /dɔʁ.mis/ |
dormisses /dɔʁ.mis/ |
dormît /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormissions /dɔʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
dormissiez /dɔʁ.mi.sje/ |
dormissent /dɔʁ.mis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | dors /dɔʁ/ |
— | dormons /dɔʁ.mɔ̃/ |
dormez /dɔʁ.me/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Belizean Creole: doado
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “dormir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician edit
Verb edit
dormir (first-person singular present durmo, third-person singular present dorme, first-person singular preterite dormim or dormi, past participle dormido, reintegrationist norm)
- reintegrationist spelling of durmir
Conjugation edit
1Less recommended.
References edit
- “dormir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
Interlingua edit
Verb edit
dormir
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
Ladin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
dormir
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | dormir, dormì | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | ester | gerund | dormian | |||
past participle | dormì | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | dorme, dormesce | dormes, dormesces | dorm, dormesc | dormion | dormieis | dorm, dormesc |
imperfect | dormive | dormives | dormiva | dormivan | dormivais | dormiva |
future | dormiré | dormiras | dormirà | dormiron | dormireis | dormirà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | dorme, dormesce | dormes, dormesces | dorme, dormesce | dormion | dormieis | dorme, dormesce |
imperfect | dormisse | dormisses | dormissa | dormissan | dormissais | dormissa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | dorm, dormesc | — | dormion | dormide | — |
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French dormir, from Latin dormiō, dormīre.
Verb edit
dormir
- (intransitive) to sleep
Descendants edit
- French: dormir
Occitan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Occitan dormir, from Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
Verb edit
dormir (Languedoc)
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dormir | ?er dormit | |||||
past participle | dormit | — | |||||
gerund | dormissent | ?ent dormit | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | dormissi | dormisses | dormís | dormissèm | dormissètz | dormisson | |
imperfect | dormissiái | dormissiás | dormissiá | dormissiam | dormissiatz | dormissián | |
preterite | dormiguèri | dormiguères | dormiguèt | dormiguèrem | dormiguèretz | dormiguèron | |
future | dormirai | dormiràs | dormirà | dormirem | dormiretz | dormiràn | |
conditional | dormiriái | dormiriás | dormiriá | dormiriam | dormiriatz | dormirián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | dormiguèra | dormiguèras | dormiguèra | dormigueram | dormigueratz | dormiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | dormisca | dormiscas | dormisca | dormiscam | dormiscatz | dormiscan | |
imperfect | dormiguèsse | dormiguèsses | dormiguèsse | dormiguèssem | dormiguèssetz | dormiguèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
dormís | dormiscam | dormissetz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 249.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō.
Verb edit
dormir
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dormir | avoir dormi | |||||
gerund | en dormant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | dormant | ||||||
past participle | dormi | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | dorm | dors | dort | dormons | dormez | dorment |
imperfect | dormoie, dormeie | dormoies, dormeies | dormoit, dormeit | dormiiens, dormiens | dormiiez, dormiez | dormoient, dormeient | |
preterite | dormi | dormis | dormi | dormimes | dormistes | dormirent | |
future | dormirai | dormiras | dormira | dormirons | dormiroiz, dormireiz, dormirez | dormiront | |
conditional | dormiroie, dormireie | dormiroies, dormireies | dormiroit, dormireit | dormiriiens, dormiriens | dormiriiez, dormiriez | dormiroient, dormireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | dorme | dormes | dorme | dormons | dormez | dorment |
imperfect | dormisse | dormisses | dormist | dormissons, dormissiens | dormissoiz, dormissez, dormissiez | dormissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | dorm | — | dormons | dormez | — |
Descendants edit
Old Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French dormir.
Verb edit
dormir
- to sleep
Descendants edit
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “dormīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 140
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
- dromir (dialectal)
- drumir, drumi, dromi, dormi, durmi (eye dialect)
- durmir (obsolete or eye dialect)
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese dormir, durmir, from Latin dormīre (“to sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: dor‧mir
Verb edit
dormir (first-person singular present durmo, third-person singular present dorme, first-person singular preterite dormi, past participle dormido)
- (intransitive) to sleep; to be asleep (to rest in a state of reduced consciousness)
- O gato está a dormir/dormindo.
- The cat is sleeping.
- (intransitive) to fall asleep (to become asleep)
- Demorou horas até que eu dormisse.
- Hours passed before I fell asleep.
- (transitive) to have a given type of sleep
- Dormir uma soneca.
- To have a nap.
- (figurative, intransitive) to sleep (to be temporarily inactive)
- A célula dos terroristas está a dormir/dormindo.
- The terrorist cell is asleep.
- (euphemistic, transitive with com) to sleep with (to have sex with)
- Apanhei-a a dormir/dormindo com um rapaz.
- I caught her sleeping with a boy.
- (figurative, transitive with com) to be constantly with
- A memória da guerra dorme com o veterano.
- The memory of the war sleeps with the veteran.
- (poetic, intransitive) to be dead
- Todos (os) meus heróis dormem.
- All my heroes are dead.
- (informal, of a limb, intransitive) to fall asleep (to temporarily lose blood circulation)
- Acordei no meio da noite e (o) meu braço tinha dormido.
- I woke up in the middle of the night and my arm had fallen asleep.
- (Brazil, slang, intransitive) not to notice a problem
- O controlador dormiu e os aviões bateram.
- The controller didn’t pay attention and the aeroplanes collided.
Conjugation edit
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:dormir.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Spanish dormir, from Latin dormīre, dormiō, from Proto-Italic *dormiō (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
dormir (first-person singular present duermo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormido)
- (intransitive) to sleep
- Duermo muy bien todas las noches.
- I sleep very well every night.
- (reflexive) to fall asleep
- ¿En qué piensas mientras te duermes?
- What do you think of while you fall asleep?
- (reflexive) to sleep in
- ¿Qué hora es? ¡Me he dormido!
- What time is it? I've overslept!
- (euphemistic) to die; to rest in death
- Y así la reina durmió para siempre.
- And so rested the queen for forever.
- (transitive) to put to sleep (someone or something)
- Los durmió a todos usando un hechizo.
- He put them all to sleep by using a spell.
- (euphemistic, medicine) to anesthetize
- Solo un médico puede dormir a un paciente.
- Only a doctor can anesthetize a patient.
- (euphemistic, medicine) to euthanize, to put down (mainly for pets but also people)
- Ayer por la tarde durmieron a mi gato.
- Yesterday evening my cat was put to sleep.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | dormir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | durmiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | dormido | dormida | |||||
plural | dormidos | dormidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | duermo | duermestú dormísvos |
duerme | dormimos | dormís | duermen | |
imperfect | dormía | dormías | dormía | dormíamos | dormíais | dormían | |
preterite | dormí | dormiste | durmió | dormimos | dormisteis | durmieron | |
future | dormiré | dormirás | dormirá | dormiremos | dormiréis | dormirán | |
conditional | dormiría | dormirías | dormiría | dormiríamos | dormiríais | dormirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | duerma | duermastú durmásvos2 |
duerma | durmamos | durmáis | duerman | |
imperfect (ra) |
durmiera | durmieras | durmiera | durmiéramos | durmierais | durmieran | |
imperfect (se) |
durmiese | durmieses | durmiese | durmiésemos | durmieseis | durmiesen | |
future1 | durmiere | durmieres | durmiere | durmiéremos | durmiereis | durmieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | duermetú dormívos |
duerma | durmamos | dormid | duerman | ||
negative | no duermas | no duerma | no durmamos | no durmáis | no duerman |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms edit
- bolsa de dormir
- camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente
- casa de dormir
- ciudad que nunca duerme
- despertar a quien duerme
- dormido
- dormilón
- dormir a pata ancha
- dormir a pierna suelta
- dormir como un ceporro
- dormir como un leño
- dormir como un lirón
- dormir como una marmota
- dormir como una piedra
- dormir en Dios
- dormir en santa paz
- dormir la mona
- dormirla
- dormirse en los laureles
- duermevela
- durmiente
- echarse a dormir
- saco de dormir
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “dormir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō (“I sleep”). Compare Italian dormire.
Verb edit
dormir
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation edit
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infinitive | dormir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | gerund | drio dormir | ||||
past participle | dormì, dormio | NB: clitic pronouns (bold) are obligatory | ||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti te | eło el / eła ła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri i / łore łe |
present | dormo | dormi | dorme | dormimo | dormì | dorme |
imperfect | dormivo | dormiva | dormiva | dormìvimo | dormiva | dormiva |
future | dormirò | dormirè | dormirà | dormiremo | dormirè | dormirà |
conditional | mi | ti te | eło el / eła ła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri i / łore łe |
present | dormiria | dormirisi | dormiria | dormirìsimo | dormiria | dormiria |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti te | che eło el / eła ła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri i / łore łe |
present | dorma | dorma | dorma | dorma | dormì | dorma |
imperfect | dormisi | dormise | dormise | dormìsimo | dormisi | dormise |
imperative | - | ti te | eło el / eła ła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri i / łore łe |
dormi | dorme | dormimo | dormì | dorme |