dringen
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch dringen, from Old Dutch *thringan, from Proto-West Germanic *þringwan, from Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editdringen
- (intransitive) to press, push (into a tight space, a crowd etc)
- (intransitive) to insist
- (intransitive) to force entry
- (intransitive) to be short in supply (of time, etc)
- de tijd dringt
- time is short
Inflection
editConjugation of dringen (strong class 3a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dringen | |||
past singular | drong | |||
past participle | gedrongen | |||
infinitive | dringen | |||
gerund | dringen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | dring | drong | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | dringt, dring2 | drong | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | dringt | drong | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | dringt | drongt | ||
3rd person singular | dringt | drong | ||
plural | dringen | drongen | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | dringe | dronge | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | dringen | drongen | ||
imperative sing. | dring | |||
imperative plur.1 | dringt | |||
participles | dringend | gedrongen | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
editGerman
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German dringen, from Old High German dringan. Akin to drängen and Drang. Cognate with dialectal English thring and, more distantly, with English throng.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editdringen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present dringt, past tense drang, past participle gedrungen, past subjunctive dränge, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (intransitive) to insist; to press [auxiliary haben]
- auf etwas dringen ― to press for something / to insist on something
- (intransitive) to ooze; to seep [auxiliary sein]
- in etwas dringen ― to seep into something
- (intransitive) to penetrate, to force one’s way [auxiliary sein]
- durch etwas dringen ― to penetrate something (literally, “to force one’s way into something”)
Conjugation
editinfinitive | dringen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | dringend | ||||
past participle | gedrungen | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich dringe | wir dringen | i | ich dringe | wir dringen |
du dringst | ihr dringt | du dringest | ihr dringet | ||
er dringt | sie dringen | er dringe | sie dringen | ||
preterite | ich drang | wir drangen | ii | ich dränge1 | wir drängen1 |
du drangst | ihr drangt | du drängest1 du drängst1 |
ihr dränget1 ihr drängt1 | ||
er drang | sie drangen | er dränge1 | sie drängen1 | ||
imperative | dring (du) dringe (du) |
dringt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editFurther reading
editLow German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Low German dringen, from Old Saxon thringan. Cognate with English thring.
Verb
editdringen (third-person singular simple present dringt, past tense drung, past participle drungen, auxiliary verb wesen or hebben)
- (intransitive, auxiliary hebben) to insist; to press
- op wat dringen ― to press for something, insist on something
- (intransitive, auxiliary: wesen) to ooze; to seep
- in wat dringen ― to seep into something
- (intransitive, auxiliary: wesen) to force one’s way
- dörch wat dringen ― to penetrate something (literally, “to force one’s way into something”)
Conjugation
editinfinitive | dringen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | dring | drung |
2nd person singular | drings(t) | drungs(t) |
3rd person singular | dring(t) | drung |
plural | dringt, dringen | drungen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | dring | |
plural | dringt | |
participle | present | past |
dringen | (e)drungen, gedrungen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch
editEtymology
editVerb
editdringen
Inflection
editStrong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | dringen | |
3rd sg. past | dranc | |
3rd pl. past | drongen | |
Past participle | gedrongen | |
Infinitive | dringen | |
In genitive | dringens | |
In dative | dringene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | dringe | dranc |
2nd singular | drincs, dringes | droncs, dronges |
3rd singular | drinct, dringet | dranc |
1st plural | dringen | drongen |
2nd plural | drinct, dringet | dronct, dronget |
3rd plural | dringen | drongen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | dringe | dronge |
2nd singular | drincs, dringes | dronges |
3rd singular | dringe | dronge |
1st plural | dringen | drongen |
2nd plural | drinct, dringet | dronget |
3rd plural | dringen | drongen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | drinc, dringe | |
Plural | drinct, dringet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | dringende | gedrongen |
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “dringhen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dringen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
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