Wiktionary

ben

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ben"

TranslingualEdit

SymbolEdit

ben

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bengali.

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English ben, bene, from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. (obsolete) A prayer; a petition.

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- +‎ in.

PrepositionEdit

ben

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
    • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 32:
      And he was waving to me to creep in, so I just did and then just to skip ben the front and then in the lobby.

AdverbEdit

ben (not comparable)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) Inside.

AdjectiveEdit

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmost)

  1. Inner, interior.
Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) Ben-room: The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit

Etymology 3Edit

From Middle English been, from Old French and Medieval Latin, probably from a North African pronunciation of Arabic بَان‎ (bān, “ben tree”).

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
  2. The winged seed of the ben tree.
  3. The oil of the ben seed.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

From Arabic بِن‎ (bin) and Hebrew בן‎ (ben, “son”).

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

ben (uncountable)

  1. (usually capitalised) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 5Edit

Borrowed from Scots ben, benn, from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. A Scottish or Irish mountain or high peak.
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 6Edit

UK C16. Probably from Latin bene or Italian bene.

AdjectiveEdit

ben (comparative benar, superlative benat)

  1. (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) Alternative spelling of bene; good.
    • 1611, Middleton, Thomas, The Roaring Girle‎[2]:
      A gage of ben Rom-bouse, / In a bousing-ken of Rom-vile, / Is benar than a Caster, / Pecke, pennam, lay, or popler, / Which we mill in deuse a vile.
      [paraphrase] A pot of good wine, / In a pub of London, / Is better than a cloak, / Meat, bread, milk, or porridge, / Which we steal in the countryside.
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 7Edit

Shortening.

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. (UK, theater, slang, obsolete) A benefit (performance to raise funds).
    • year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)
      In the Chronicles of the Stage, some curious particulars are given relating to Sir Henry Herbert and the well-known Sir William Davidson, by which we learn, amongst other things, that a “ben” or benefit at Drury Lane, two centuries ago, was worth a hundred pounds.
ReferencesEdit
  • John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

See alsoEdit

AnagramsEdit

AmeleEdit

AdjectiveEdit

ben

  1. big

NounEdit

ben

  1. a big thing

ReferencesEdit

  • Pavol Štekauer, Salvador Valera, Lívia Kőrtvélyessy, Word-Formation in the World's Languages: A Typological Survey (2012)

Berbice Creole DutchEdit

NounEdit

ben

  1. bean

ReferencesEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. Alternative form of bé
    Porteu un vestit ben bonic. ― Wear a very pretty dress.
    Demà al matí ben d'hora m'aixeco i viatjo a Milan. ― Tomorrow morning quite early I'll get up and travel to Milan.

Usage notesEdit

The form ben is used when it precedes the adjective, adverb or verb form that it modifies, and bé is used in all other cases.

CimbrianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German wenne, wanne, from Old High German hwenne, hwanne, from Proto-West Germanic *hwannā, from *hwan, from Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”). Cognate with German wenn, wann, English when. Doublet of benn (adverb), from the same Middle High German source.

ConjunctionEdit

ben

  1. (Luserna) when
    Khåntamar khön ben 'z tüata offe di pinakotèk? ― Can you tell me when the art gallery opens?

ReferencesEdit

CorsicanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From bè (“well”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben m

  1. deceased

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. Alternative form of bè

ReferencesEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse bein (“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą, cognate with English bone, German Bein.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /beːˀn/, [ˈb̥eˀn]

NounEdit

ben n (singular definite benet, plural indefinite ben)

  1. leg (a limb of a human or an animal used for walking; also, by analogy, the legs of a desk or a chair)
    Synonym: pusselanke (childish, joking)
  2. bone (any part of the skeleton)
  3. sinecure (a position that requires little to no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ben
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ben benet ben benene
genitive bens benets bens benenes

ReferencesEdit

DomariEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (bahiṇī), from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī). Cognate with Hindi बहन (bahan).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben f

  1. sister

ReferencesEdit

  • Matras, Yaron (2012) A Grammar of Domari (Mouton Grammar Library)‎[3], Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 65

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch bim, from Proto-Germanic *beuną.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ben

  1. first-person singular present indicative of zijn
  2. (dialectal) imperative of zijn

Usage notesEdit

Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.

SynonymsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ben

ReferencesEdit

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse ben, from Proto-Germanic *banjō.

NounEdit

ben n (genitive singular bens, plural ben)

  1. wound

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ben
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ben benið ben benini
accusative ben benið ben benini
dative beni beninum benum benunum
genitive bens bensins bena benanna
Declension of ben
n22 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ben benið ben benini
accusative ben benið ben benini
dative beni beninum benjum, benum benjunum, benunum
genitive bens bensins benja benjanna

NounEdit

ben f (genitive singular benjar, plural benjar)

  1. wound

DeclensionEdit

f8 Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ben benin benjar benjarnar
Accusative ben benina benjar benjarnar
Dative ben benini benjum benjunum
Genitive benjar benjarinnar benja benjanna


Derived termsEdit

FrenchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative form of bien

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ben

  1. (informal) Well; uh
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Clipping of bénard.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben m (plural bens)

  1. (slang) pants, trousers

Further readingEdit

FriulianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin bene.

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. well
  2. properly, nicely

AntonymsEdit

NounEdit

ben

  1. good

Related termsEdit

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Galician-Portuguese ben, from Latin bene.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben m (plural bens)

  1. benefit; welfare
    Synonym: beneficio
  2. (in the plural) goods
  3. good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)
    Antonym: mal

Related termsEdit

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. well
    Ben feito! ― Well done!
    Antonym: mal
  2. very; a lot; enough
    • 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:
      cando se ganou dos mouros a grande batalla da figeira en donde tamen perdin e me mataron o cabalo e eu sahin ben librado enpero ben ferido de hua saetada enno braço dereito que non a vin curada fasta pasados ben tres meses
      when the great Battle of the Figtree was won to the Moors, where I also lost —and they killed— my horse and I got out safe but badly injured of an arrow shot in the right arm, wound that I saw not cured until more than three months later
    Eche un rapaz ben espilido! ― He's a very smart young man!
  3. plus, or more, upwards
    • c. 1295, R. Lorenzo (ed.), La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla. Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 174:
      Et durou a guerra dessa uez ontre elles bem dous ãnos, fazendosse todauia muyto mal os hũus aos outros, de guisa que, ante que sse aquella contenda fijnse, morrerõ y muytos
      And the war between them lasted that time for two years plus, making in every way a lot of harm the ones to the others, in wise that, before that conflict had ended, many died there

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • “ben” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “ben” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “ben” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

InterlinguaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Italian bene, French bien, Spanish bien and Portuguese bem.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ben (comparative melio, superlative le melio)

  1. well

Derived termsEdit

IstriotEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin bene.

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. well

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɛn/
  • Hyphenation: bèn

AdverbEdit

ben (apocopated)

  1. Apocopic form of bene
    ben fatto ― well done

Derived termsEdit

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

ben

  1. Rōmaji transcription of べん

KabuverdianuEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese vir and Spanish venir .

VerbEdit

ben

  1. to come

LadinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin bene.

AdverbEdit

ben (comparative miec)

  1. well
  2. properly

NounEdit

ben m (plural bens)

  1. (especially in the plural) goods, property

LombardEdit

EtymologyEdit

Akin to Italian bene, from Latin.

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. well

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

ben

  1. Nonstandard spelling of bēn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of běn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of bèn.

Usage notesEdit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

ManxEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben f (genitive singular mreih, plural mraane)

  1. woman

MutationEdit

Manx mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ben ven men
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

VerbEdit

ben

  1. Alternative form of been

ReferencesEdit

Northern KurdishEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben ?

  1. string, rope

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

EtymologyEdit

From Danish ben, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

NounEdit

ben n (definite singular benet, indefinite plural ben, definite plural bena or benene)

  1. a leg
  2. a bone

Alternative formsEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Occitan ben, from Latin bene.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. well

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

ben m (plural bens)

  1. good, possession

Old DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *bainą.

NounEdit

bēn n

  1. leg
  2. bone

InflectionEdit

Declension of ben (neuter strong a-stem)
Singular Plural
nominative bēn bēn
accusative bēn bēn
genitive bēnis, -es bēno
dative bēne, -i bēnon

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “bēn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *bōniz. Cognate with Old Norse bón.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bēn f (nominative plural bēne or bēna)

  1. prayer, praying
  2. request, entreaty
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ben (strong i-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bēn bēne, bēna
accusative bēn, bēne bēne, bēna
genitive bēne bēna
dative bēne bēnum
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben f

  1. Alternative form of benn

Old FrenchEdit

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of bien

Old FrisianEdit

 
Ēn bēn (1).
 
Ēn bēn (2).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognates include Old English bān, Old Saxon bēn and Old Dutch bēn.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbeːn/, [ˈbɛːn]

NounEdit

bēn n

  1. bone
  2. leg

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old IrishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

NounEdit

ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)

  1. woman
    Synonyms: banscál, bé, frac
  2. wife
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22c10
      Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.
      This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.
    Synonym: séitig
InflectionEdit
Feminine irregular
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ben mnaí mná
Vocative ben mnaí mná
Accusative bein, mnaí mnaí mná
Genitive mná ban ban
Dative mnaí mnáib mnáib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

·ben

  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid

VerbEdit

ben

  1. second-person singular imperative of benaid

MutationEdit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ben ben
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ 		mben
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further readingEdit

Old NorseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *banjō.

NounEdit

ben f (genitive benjar, plural benjar)

  1. mortal wound
  2. small bleeding wound

ben n

  1. wound

DeclensionEdit

  Declension of ben (strong jō-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ben benin benjar benjarnar
accusative ben benina benjar benjarnar
dative ben beninni benjum benjunum
genitive benjar benjarinnar benja benjanna
  Declension of ben (strong ja-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ben benit ben benin
accusative ben benit ben benin
dative beni beninu benjum benjunum
genitive bens bensins benja benjanna

Related termsEdit

  • bani m (“bane”)
  • benja (“to wound mortally”)

ReferencesEdit

  • “ben”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin bene.

AdjectiveEdit

ben

  1. well

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *bain.

NounEdit

bēn n

  1. bone

DescendantsEdit

Old SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bēn n

  1. bone
  2. leg

DeclensionEdit

  Declension of ben (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bēn bēnit bēn bēnin
accusative bēn bēnit bēn bēnin
dative bēni, bēne bēninu, bēneno bēnum, bēnom bēnumin, bēnomen
genitive bēns bēnsins bēna bēnanna

DescendantsEdit

ScotsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English binnan.

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).

AdjectiveEdit

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmaist)

  1. Inner, interior.

PrepositionEdit

ben

  1. Through, in, into, inside (a dwelling).
    A gaed ben the chaumer.
    Come awah ben, hen.

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

NounEdit

ben (plural bens)

  1. mountain, hill

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بڭ‎ (beñ), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).

NounEdit

ben m (Cyrillic spelling бен)

  1. (regional) birthmark
  2. (regional) mole
  3. (regional) naevus

SynonymsEdit

Sranan TongoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English been.

ParticleEdit

ben

  1. Verbal marker for the past tense.

Usage notesEdit

This marker can be combined with the markers sa or o for the future tense and e for the progressive aspect, in which case the order, if all are used, is that of ben sa/o e. Some examples:

  • mi ben waka: “I had walked”.
  • mi ben e waka: “I was walking”.
  • mi ben sa waka: “I would walk”.
  • mi ben sa e waka: “I would have been walking”.

Derived termsEdit

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish bēn, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben n

  1. (anatomy) leg; a body part
  2. leg; part of trousers which covers the legs
  3. the part of a piece furniture on which it stands
  4. (anatomy) bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton
  5. (anatomy) bone; the material of the endoskeleton

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ben 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ben benet ben benen
Genitive bens benets bens benens

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

TurkishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /bɛn/, /bæn/
  • Hyphenation: ben

Etymology 1Edit

From Ottoman Turkish بن‎ (ben, “I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).[1][2]

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤‎ (mn² /men/), 𐰋𐰤‎ (b²n² /ben/, “I”), Karakhanid مَنْ‎ (men, “I”), Azerbaijani mən, Bashkir мин (min), Chuvash эпӗ (ep̬ĕ), Kazakh мен (men), Kyrgyz мен (men), Turkmen men.

Possibly related to Mongolian би (bi, “I”), Manchu ᠪᡳ (bi, “I”) (however, the Altaic family theory is now only supported by a minority of scholars).[3]

PronounEdit

ben

  1. I, me
Usage notesEdit
  • It is one of the two words that has irregular dative case declension. (The other one is "sen").
  • It is one of the two words that has irregular genitive case declension. (The other one is "biz").
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ben
singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) ben biz
definite accusative (belirtme) beni bizi
dative (yönelme) bana bize
locative (bulunma) bende bizde
ablative (ayrılma) benden bizden
genitive (tamlayan) benim bizim
See alsoEdit
Turkish personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ben biz
2nd person familiar sen siz
polite siz sizler
3rd person o onlar

NounEdit

ben (definite accusative beni, plural biz)

  1. (psychology) ego

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Ottoman Turkish بڭ‎ (beŋ, “mole”), from Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).[4]

Cognate with Bashkir миң (miŋ), Kyrgyz мең (meŋ), Kazakh мең (meñ) Turkmen meň, Yakut мэҥ (meñ).

Also compare Mongolian мэнгэ (menge, “mole, birthmark”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

NounEdit

ben (definite accusative beni, plural benler)

  1. birthmark, mole
DeclensionEdit
Inflection
Nominative ben
Definite accusative beni
Singular Plural
Nominative ben benler
Definite accusative beni benleri
Dative bene benlere
Locative bende benlerde
Ablative benden benlerden
Genitive benin benlerin
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bẹ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ben”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  3. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2013), “Personal pronouns in Core Altaic”, in Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages‎[1], page 221; republished as Hubert Cuyckens, editor,, (please provide a date or year)
  4. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*beŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

VenetianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin bene.

AdverbEdit

ben

  1. well

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

VietnameseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French benne.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

(classifier xe) ben

  1. dump truck

See alsoEdit

Derived terms

VolapükEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin bene.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben (nominative plural bens)

  1. (sense of) well-being, welfare, being well, wellness

DeclensionEdit

declension of ben
singular plural
nominative ben bens
genitive bena benas
dative bene benes
accusative beni benis
vocative 1 o ben! o bens!
predicative 2 benu benus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

WelshEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ben

  1. Soft mutation of pen.

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
pen ben mhen phen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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