れる
JapaneseEdit
VerbEdit
れる (rōmaji reru)
- In grammar, used for making a passive voice, the expression with respect, voluntary, or ability, following the imperfective form of a verb.
- (passive) 相手の選手に押されたら、押し返せ！
- Aite no senshu ni osaretara, oshikaese!
- If you are pushed by opponent players, push them in return!
- (respectful) 私たちの先生は、五分位で戻られると思います。
- Watashitachi no sensei wa, go fun gurai de modorareru to omoimasu.
- Our teacher thinks it will be back in about five minutes.
- 天皇陛下が皇居にお戻りになられる。
- tennōheika ga Kōkyo ni o modori ni narareru.
- The Emperor would be back to The Imperial Palace.
- (passive) 相手の選手に押されたら、押し返せ！
Usage notesEdit
- れる (-reru) follows godan verbs as well as the irregular verb する (suru) in the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”). The auxiliary itself follows the ichidan conjugation.
- (godan verbs ending in -k) 書く (kaku) → 書かれる (kaka-reru), 書かれます (kaka-remasu), etc.
- (godan verbs ending in -b) 呼ぶ (yobu) → 呼ばれる (yoba-reru), 呼ばれます (yoba-remasu), etc.
- (godan verbs ending in -w) 言う (iu) → 言われる (iwa-reru), 言われます (iwa-remasu), etc.
- (irregular verb) する (suru) → される (sa-reru), されます (sa-remasu), etc.
- In modern Japanese, potential is expressed by the 可能動詞 (kanō dōshi) form of godan verbs and by substituting できる (dekiru) for the irregular verb する (suru). The regular formation with れる (-reru) is no longer used. Recently, られる (-rareru) expressing potential on ichidan and irregular verbs may be shortened to れる (-reru) (see ら抜き言葉 (ra-nuki kotoba)).