偽
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Translingual
editTraditional | 偽 |
---|---|
Simplified | 伪 |
Japanese | 偽 |
Korean | 僞 |
Han character
edit偽 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 22227, composition ⿰亻為)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 195, character 4
- Unihan data for U+507D
Chinese
edittrad. | 偽/僞 | |
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simp. | 伪 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 偽 | ||||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) | Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋʷrals) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”.
Etymology
editOften thought to be derived from 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Alternatively, it may be cognate to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, “to deceive”), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).
Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both 偽 (MC ngjweH) and 訛 (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. 偽, reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from 為 (OC waj) as the root.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngôi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6we
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
- Wade–Giles: wei3
- Yale: wěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
- Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
- Wade–Giles: wei4
- Yale: wèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
- Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngai6
- Yale: ngaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngai6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi
- Hakka Romanization System: nguiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngui3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngôi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋui²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- gūi - literary;
- ûi/ūi - colloquial variant.
- Middle Chinese: ngjweH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/, /*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷrals/
Definitions
edit偽
- false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial
- falsehood; untruthfulness
- illegal; illegitimate
Compounds
edit- 世偽/世伪
- 乖偽/乖伪
- 乘偽行詐/乘伪行诈
- 以偽亂真/以伪乱真
- 作偽/作伪 (zuòwěi)
- 侈偽/侈伪
- 偽人/伪人
- 偽作/伪作 (wěizuò)
- 偽俗/伪俗
- 假偽/假伪
- 偽傳/伪传
- 偽冒/伪冒
- 偽劣/伪劣 (wěiliè)
- 偽化/伪化
- 偽史/伪史 (wěishǐ)
- 偽名/伪名
- 偽君子/伪君子 (wěijūnzǐ)
- 偽命/伪命
- 偽品/伪品
- 偽善/伪善 (wěishàn)
- 偽國/伪国 (wěiguó)
- 偽塗/伪涂
- 偽夫/伪夫
- 偽妄/伪妄
- 偽娘/伪娘 (wěiniáng)
- 偽媮/伪偷
- 偽孔/伪孔
- 偽孔傳/伪孔传
- 偽字/伪字
- 偽學/伪学
- 偽定/伪定
- 偽客/伪客
- 偽局/伪局
- 偽巧/伪巧
- 偽師/伪师
- 偽幣/伪币 (wěibì)
- 偽庭/伪庭
- 偽廉/伪廉
- 偽廷/伪廷
- 偽從/伪从
- 偽心/伪心
- 偽怠/伪怠
- 偽惑/伪惑
- 偽情/伪情
- 偽意/伪意
- 偽態/伪态
- 偽戾/伪戾
- 偽托/伪托 (wěituō)
- 偽撰
- 偽政府/伪政府
- 偽政權/伪政权 (wěizhèngquán)
- 偽方/伪方
- 偽易/伪易
- 偽書/伪书 (wěishū)
- 偽服/伪服
- 偽朝/伪朝
- 偽本/伪本
- 偽民/伪民
- 偽滿/伪满 (Wěimǎn)
- 偽滿洲國/伪满洲国 (Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó)
- 偽物/伪物
- 偽百合/伪百合
- 偽皇/伪皇 (wěihuáng)
- 偽真/伪真
- 偽科學/伪科学 (wěikēxué)
- 偽端/伪端
- 偽筍/伪笋
- 偽組織/伪组织
- 偽經/伪经 (wěijīng)
- 偽繆/伪缪
- 偽臣/伪臣
- 偽荊卿/伪荆卿
- 偽蔽/伪蔽
- 偽薄/伪薄
- 偽藥/伪药
- 偽蠶/伪蚕
- 偽行/伪行
- 偽裝/伪装 (wěizhuāng)
- 偽裝滲透/伪装渗透
- 偽言/伪言
- 偽託/伪托 (wěituō)
- 偽詐/伪诈
- 偽說/伪说
- 偽論/伪论
- 偽謬/伪谬
- 偽證/伪证 (wěizhèng)
- 偽譔/伪撰
- 偽議/伪议
- 偽讓/伪让
- 偽貌/伪貌
- 偽足/伪足 (wěizú)
- 偽跡/伪迹
- 偽蹟/伪迹
- 偽軍/伪军 (wěijūn)
- 偽辭/伪辞
- 偽辯/伪辩
- 偽造/伪造 (wěizào)
- 偽造文書/伪造文书
- 偽道/伪道
- 偽金錢/伪金钱
- 偽鈔/伪钞 (wěichāo)
- 偽錢/伪钱
- 偽飾/伪饰
- 偽體/伪体
- 偽鳳/伪凤
- 偽麻黃鹼/伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
- 偽黨/伪党
- 僭偽/僭伪
- 凶偽
- 別裁偽體/别裁伪体
- 化性起偽/化性起伪
- 南偽/南伪
- 厭偽/厌伪
- 去偽存真/去伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)
- 妖偽/妖伪
- 姦偽/奸伪
- 巧偽/巧伪
- 幻偽/幻伪
- 彫偽/雕伪
- 情偽/情伪
- 慝偽/慝伪
- 敵偽/敌伪 (díwěi)
- 晦偽/晦伪
- 智偽/智伪
- 棄偽從真/弃伪从真
- 機偽/机伪
- 樹偽/树伪
- 欺偽/欺伪
- 汙偽/污伪
- 浮偽/浮伪
- 淺偽/浅伪
- 淫偽/淫伪
- 澆偽/浇伪
- 濫偽/滥伪
- 煩偽/烦伪
- 狡偽/狡伪
- 猾偽/猾伪
- 番偽/番伪
- 百偽/百伪
- 真偽/真伪 (zhēnwěi)
- 真偽莫辨/真伪莫辨
- 眾偽/众伪
- 矜偽/矜伪
- 矯偽/矫伪
- 矯言偽行/矫言伪行
- 矯飾偽行/矫饰伪行
- 祅偽/祅伪
- 積偽/积伪
- 空偽/空伪
- 篡偽/篡伪
- 苦偽/苦伪
- 華偽/华伪
- 虛偽/虚伪 (xūwěi)
- 蠱偽/蛊伪
- 行偽/行伪
- 託偽/托伪
- 訛偽/讹伪
- 詐偽/诈伪
- 詭偽/诡伪
- 誠偽/诚伪 (chéngwěi)
- 詿偽/诖伪
- 誣偽/诬伪
- 請偽/请伪
- 諂偽/谄伪
- 讎偽/雠伪
- 輕偽/轻伪
- 遂偽/遂伪
- 邀偽/邀伪
- 邪偽/邪伪
- 酢偽/酢伪
- 闇偽/暗伪
- 隱偽/隐伪
- 雕偽/雕伪
- 雜偽/杂伪
- 飾偽/饰伪
References
edit- “偽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
edit偽 | |
僞 |
Kanji
edit(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僞)
Readings
edit- Go-on: が (ga)←ぐわ (gwa, historical); ぎ (gi, Jōyō)←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)
- Kan-on: が (ga)←ぐわ (gwa, historical); ぎ (gi, Jōyō)←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)
- Kan’yō-on: か (ka)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: いつわり (itsuwari, 偽り)←いつはり (itufari, 偽り, historical); いつわる (itsuwaru, 偽る, Jōyō)←いつはる (itufaru, 偽る, historical); にせ (nise, 偽, Jōyō)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
偽 |
ぎ Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
僞 (kyūjitai) |
/ŋui/ → /ɡwi/ → /ɡi/
From Middle Chinese 僞 (MC ngjweH).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
偽 |
にせ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
僞 (kyūjitai) |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 似せる (niseru, “copy, imitate, forge”).[2]
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editUsage notes
edit- This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ニセ.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja
edit偽 (eum 위 (wi))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit偽: Hán Nôm readings: ngụy/nguỵ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading くわ
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