厄納特赫

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (厄納特赫)		厄	納	特	赫
simp. (厄纳特赫)		厄	纳	特	赫
alternative forms		厄訥特克／厄讷特克 厄納特珂克／厄纳特珂克

Etymology

From Manchu ᡝᠨᡝᡨᡴᡝᡴ (enetkek), in turn from Classical Mongolian ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠺᠡᠭ (enedkeg), whence the modern Mongolian Энэтхэг (Enetheg). Ultimately of Iranian origin, cf. Sogdian [script needed] (ʾyntʾwk /⁠*induk⁠/) and [script needed] (ʾyntkʾw /⁠*indaku⁠/, “Indian”) < Old Persian [script needed] (*hinduka) (Gharib, 1995, p. 87), Middle Chinese 身毒 (MC syin dowk).

The term was chiefly used in translations from Manchu, the language of the Qing ruling class.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Ènàtèhè

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄜˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Ènàtèhè
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Ènàtèhè
    • Wade–Giles: O⁴-na⁴-tʻê⁴-ho⁴
    • Yale: È-nà-tè-hè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ehnahtehheh
    • Palladius: Энатэхэ (Enatɛxɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤ⁵¹/

Proper noun

厄納特赫

1. (obsolete, historical) Old name for 印度 (Yìndù, “India”).

   • 不但我俄羅斯國，觀天下諸國，沙漳汗、空科爾汗、式費耶忒國、厄納特赫國、哈薩克國、哈拉哈兒叭國、策旺拉布坦、阿玉竒等國皆互相爭鬬，獨中國甚至寧謐。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不但我俄罗斯国，观天下诸国，沙漳汗、空科尔汗、式费耶忒国、厄纳特赫国、哈萨克国、哈拉哈儿叭国、策旺拉布坦、阿玉竒等国皆互相争斗，独中国甚至宁谧。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tulišen (圖麗琛) (1723) 異域錄 (in Chinese), volume 1, page 38

     Bùdàn wǒ Éluósī guó, guān tiānxià zhū guó, Shāzhānghán, Kōngkē'ěr Hán, Shìfèiyētè guó, Ènàtèhè guó, Hāsàkè guó, Hālā Hā'érbā guó, Cèwàng Lābùtǎn, Āyùqí děng guó jiē hùxiàng zhēngdòu, dú Zhōngguó shèn zhì níngmì. [Pinyin]

     Not just us the Russians. Look at these nations of the world — Shah Jahan's, Khungghar Khan's, the Šved, the Enetkek, the Kazaks, the Karakalpaks, Tsewang Rabtan's, and Ayuki's — all of them are locked in strife. Only China is enjoying great serenity.