Wiktionary

介

See also: 个 and 𠆤
介 U+4ECB, 介
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECB
← 今
[U+4ECA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 仌 →
[U+4ECC]

Translingual Edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character Edit

介 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人中中 (OLL), four-corner 80220, composition ⿱人⿰丿丨)

Derived characters Edit

Descendants Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 91, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 359
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 103, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+4ECB

Chinese Edit

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 介
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Oracle bone script
 

j01444

 

j01445

 

j01446

 

j01447

 

j01448

 

j01449

Small seal script
 

s00795

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L36198

 

L36199

 

L21168

 

L21169

 

L21170

 

L21171

 

L21172

 

L21173

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (介) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妎 *ɡaːds, *ɡeːds
芥 *kreːds
尬 *kreːds
界 *kreːds
介 *kreːds
疥 *kreːds
玠 *kreːds
砎 *kreːds, *kreːd, *ɡraːd
魪 *kreːds
价 *kreːds
衸 *kreːds, *ɡreːds
齘 *ɡreːds
骱 *ɡaːd, *kreːd
扴 *kreːd
圿 *kreːd
忦 *kreːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + two marks encompassing, indicating "in between"

Etymology 1 Edit

simp. and trad.
 介
alternative forms 價／价 Wu
"to assist"
Developed from 介 (OC *kreːds, “armored men”), from 介 (OC *kreːds, “armor”), ultimately from 介 (OC *kreːds, “scale (of animals)”). (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation Edit

Note:
  • 2ka,1ka - colloquial;
  • 2jia - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 介
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕie⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
/kɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /kai³⁵/
Chengdu /kai¹³/
/t͡ɕiai¹³/
Guiyang /kai²¹³/
/t͡ɕie²¹³/
Kunming /kæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ka³⁵/
/t͡ɕia³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕie̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ka⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³²⁴/
/ka³²⁴/
Tunxi /ka⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /kai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kai⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kiai⁵³/
Taoyuan /ke⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kai³³/
Nanning /kai³³/
Hong Kong /kai³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kai²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kai³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kai²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kai³⁵/
Rime
Character 介
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古拜切
Baxter keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/kɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/kɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 介
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛjH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁr[e]p-s/
English armour; scale of animals

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 介
Reading # 1/1
No. 6525
Phonetic
component 		介
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		誡
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːds/

Definitions Edit

介

  1. to lie between
  2. to relate two things; to connect; to link; to introduce
  3. to assist; to help
  4. to hang; to suspend
  5. to rely on; to depend on
  6. firm; persistent; unswerving
  7. such; like this; this kind of
  8. Original form of 界 (jiè, “boundary; role; duty”).
  9. iota; tiny bit. Alternative form of 芥
  10. Classifier for people or copper coins.
  11. seashell; shell
  12. to wear armour
  13. (Min Dong) again; re-
  14. (Taiwan) zepto- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: 仄 (Mainland)
  15. (Wu) used to indicate a degree
    介大 [Shanghainese]  ―  1ka 6du [Wugniu]  ―  so big

Compounds Edit

Synonyms Edit

  • (Wu):
Dialectal synonyms of 這麼 (“so; such (modifies adj.)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 如此
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 如此
Mandarin Beijing 這麼
Taiwan 這麼
Harbin 這麼
Yantai (Muping) 這麼
Jinan 這麼
Luoyang 陣
Wanrong 這麼
Xi'an 這們, 陣
Yinchuan 這麼
Lanzhou 這們
Xining 這們
Ürümqi 這麼
Wuhan 這麼, 這樣, 這個樣子
Chengdu 這們, 這麼, 嘞們
Guiyang 仲個
Guilin 這樣
Liuzhou 陣, 哏
Xuzhou 恁麼
Yangzhou 這們
Nanjing 這麼, 這樣子
Nantong 格麼
Malaysia 這樣
Singapore 這樣, 這麼
Cantonese Guangzhou 咁
Hong Kong 咁
Foshan 咁
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢咁, 咁
Yunfu 咁
Yangjiang 果樣, 拱
Xinyi 咁
Nanning 咁
Wuzhou 咁
Yulin 咁
Hepu (Lianzhou) 果
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咁
Penang (Guangfu) 咁
Singapore (Guangfu) 咁
Gan Nanchang 箇
Lichuan 該樣
Pingxiang 箇, 箇史
Hakka Meixian 恁
Xingning 恁, 咁
Huidong (Daling) 恁, 咁
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咁
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 咁
Changting 仰
Wuping 恁
Wuping (Pingyu) 恁
Liancheng 樣
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 恁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 恁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 恁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 恁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 恁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 恁
Luchuan (Daqiao) 咁
Senai (Huiyang) 恁
Kuching (Hepo) 恁
Huizhou Jixi 爾的
Jin Taiyuan 這來
Xinzhou 這啦, 這麼, 這來
Min Bei Jian'ou 𱕇
Min Dong Fuzhou 只滿, 只
Fuqing 者滿
Singapore (Fuqing) 者滿
Min Nan Xiamen 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔
Quanzhou 拙, 拙幹
Zhangzhou 遮爾, 遮爾仔
Tainan 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 按呢
Chaozhou 照, 照生
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 照
Singapore (Teochew) 只生
Leizhou 偌
Haikou 只, 者
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 更
Wu Shanghai 搿能, 搿能介, 搿個能, 介, 實能 dated, 實個能 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 能
Suzhou 該實梗, 該尚, 哀實梗, 哀尚, 實梗, 尚
Danyang 根
Hangzhou 價套, 價, 實價套, 實價
Ningbo 介
Wenzhou 該恁, 恁
Jinhua 帳, 格生, 格亨, 喪
Jinhua (Tangxi) 絞麼
Xiang Changsha 咯樣
Quanzhou 這麼

Descendants Edit

  • → Proto-Tai: *klecꟲ

See also Edit

SI prefix
Last Next
阿 介/仄 攸/幺

Etymology 2 Edit

simp. and trad.
 介

Pronunciation Edit

Definitions Edit

介

  1. (Hong Kong) Informal shorthand for 雞／鸡 (gai1).

Etymology 3 Edit

simp. and trad.
 介

Pronunciation Edit

Definitions Edit

介

  1. (Hakka) Alternative form of 個／个 (“(particle; classifier)”)

Japanese Edit

Kanji Edit

介

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings Edit

Compounds Edit

Compounds

Related terms Edit

Etymology Edit

Kanji in this term
介
かい
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 介 (MC keajH).

Pronunciation Edit

Affix Edit

介(かい) • (kai) 

  1. to be between, mediate
  2. assist; help
  3. shell, shellfish
  4. armor

Korean Edit

Hanja Edit

介 (eum 개 (gae))

  1. forerunner, herald, harbinger
  2. to lie between
  3. sea shell
  4. to wear armor

Vietnamese Edit

Han character Edit

介: Hán Nôm readings: giới

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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