Wiktionary

介

See also: 个 and 𠆤
介 U+4ECB, 介
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECB
← 今
[U+4ECA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 仌 →
[U+4ECC]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

介 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人中中 (OLL), four-corner 80220, composition ⿱人⿰丿丨)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 359
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 103, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+4ECB

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 介
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Oracle bone script
 

j01444

 

j01445

 

j01446

 

j01447

 

j01448

 

j01449

Small seal script
 

s00795

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L36198

 

L36199

 

L21168

 

L21169

 

L21170

 

L21171

 

L21172

 

L21173

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (介) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妎 *ɡaːds, *ɡeːds
芥 *kreːds
尬 *kreːds
界 *kreːds
介 *kreːds
疥 *kreːds
玠 *kreːds
砎 *kreːds, *kreːd, *ɡraːd
魪 *kreːds
价 *kreːds
衸 *kreːds, *ɡreːds
齘 *ɡreːds
骱 *ɡaːd, *kreːd
扴 *kreːd
圿 *kreːd
忦 *kreːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + two marks encompassing, indicating "in between"

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.
 介
"to assist"
Developed from 介 (OC *kreːds, “armored men”), from 介 (OC *kreːds, “armor”), ultimately from 介 (OC *kreːds, “scale (of animals)”). (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • 5ka, 1ka - colloquial;
  • 5cia - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 介
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕie⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
    /kɛ¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /kai³⁵/
    Chengdu /kai¹³/
    /t͡ɕiai¹³/
    Guiyang /kai²¹³/
    /t͡ɕie²¹³/
    Kunming /kæ²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ka³⁵/
    /t͡ɕia³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕie̞⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /ka⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³²⁴/
    /ka³²⁴/
    Tunxi /ka⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /kai⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /kai⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /kai⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kiai⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ke⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kai³³/
    Nanning /kai³³/
    Hong Kong /kai³³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kai²¹/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɑi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kai³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kai²¹³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kai³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 介
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 皆 (33)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古拜切
    Baxter keajH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠɛiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚæiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɐiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɛiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɐiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kăiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaai3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 介
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kɛjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁr[e]p-s/
    English armour; scale of animals

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 介
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6525
    Phonetic
    component         		介
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		誡
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kreːds/

    Definitions edit

    介

    1. to lie between
    2. to relate two things; to connect; to link; to introduce
    3. to assist; to help
    4. to hang; to suspend
    5. to rely on; to depend on
    6. firm; persistent; unswerving
    7. such; like this; this kind of
    8. Original form of 界 (jiè, “boundary; role; duty”).
    9. iota; tiny bit. Alternative form of 芥
    10. Classifier for people or copper coins.
    11. seashell; shell
    12. to wear armour
    13. (Eastern Min) again; re-
    14. (Taiwan) zepto- (SI unit prefix)
      Synonym: 仄 (Mainland)

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    • → Proto-Tai: *klecꟲ

    See also edit

    SI prefix
    Last Next
    阿 介/仄 攸/幺

    Synonyms edit

    Dialectal synonyms of 再 (“again”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 再
    Mandarin Beijing 再
    Taiwan 再
    Jinan 再
    Xi'an 再
    Wuhan 再
    Chengdu 又, 再
    Yangzhou 再
    Hefei 再
    Cantonese Guangzhou 再, 添 >
    Hong Kong 再, 添 >
    Yangjiang 應
    Gan Nanchang 再, 湊 >
    Hakka Meixian 再, 添 >
    Jin Taiyuan 再
    Northern Min Jian'ou 再, 唵
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 再, 蓋, 介
    Fuqing 介
    Southern Min Xiamen 閣, 閣再
    Quanzhou 閣, 閣再
    Zhangzhou 閣, 閣再
    Tainan 閣, 閣再
    Singapore (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再
    Manila (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再
    Chaozhou 再
    Wu Shanghai 又, 再
    Suzhou 再
    Wenzhou 再, 添 >
    Xiang Changsha 再
    Shuangfeng 再, 還
    Note > - used after the object

    References edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 介
    alternative forms 價／价

    From 個／个, attested since the Song Dynasty.

    Pronunciation edit

    Definitions edit

    介 (Wu)

    1. used to indicate a great degree
      介大 [Ningbonese]  ―  5ka 6du [Wugniu]  ―  so big
    2. an adverbialiser; in the manner of
      搿能介 [Shanghainese]  ―  8geq-nen-ka [Wugniu]  ―  in this way
      像伊一能介 [Shanghainese]  ―  6zhian 6yi 7iq-nen-ka [Wugniu]  ―  in the manner of him

    Synonyms edit

    Dialectal synonyms of 這麼 (“so; such (modifies adj.)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 如此
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 如此
    Mandarin Beijing 這麼
    Taiwan 這麼
    Harbin 這麼
    Yantai (Muping) 這麼
    Jinan 這麼
    Luoyang 陣
    Wanrong 這麼
    Xi'an 這們, 陣
    Yinchuan 這麼
    Lanzhou 這們
    Xining 這們
    Ürümqi 這麼
    Wuhan 這麼, 這樣, 這個樣子
    Chengdu 這們, 這麼, 嘞們
    Guiyang 仲個
    Guilin 這樣
    Liuzhou 陣, 哏
    Xuzhou 恁麼
    Yangzhou 這們
    Nanjing 這麼, 這樣子
    Nantong 格麼
    Malaysia 這樣
    Singapore 這樣, 這麼
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咁
    Hong Kong 咁
    Foshan 咁
    Taishan 該
    Dongguan 呢咁, 咁
    Yunfu 咁
    Yangjiang 果樣, 拱
    Xinyi 咁
    Nanning 咁
    Wuzhou 咁
    Yulin 咁
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 果
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咁
    Penang (Guangfu) 咁
    Singapore (Guangfu) 咁
    Gan Nanchang 箇
    Lichuan 該樣
    Pingxiang 箇, 箇史
    Hakka Meixian 恁
    Xingning 恁, 咁
    Huidong (Daling) 恁, 咁
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咁
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 咁
    Changting 仰
    Wuping 恁
    Wuping (Pingyu) 恁
    Liancheng 樣
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 恁
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 恁
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 恁
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 恁
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 恁
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 恁
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 咁
    Senai (Huiyang) 恁
    Kuching (Hepo) 恁
    Huizhou Jixi 爾的
    Jin Taiyuan 這來
    Xinzhou 這啦, 這麼, 這來
    Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 只滿, 只
    Fuqing 者滿
    Singapore (Fuqing) 者滿
    Southern Min Xiamen 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔
    Quanzhou 拙, 拙幹
    Zhangzhou 遮爾, 遮爾仔
    Tainan 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔
    Singapore (Hokkien) 按呢
    Chaozhou 照, 照生
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 照
    Singapore (Teochew) 只生
    Leizhou 偌
    Haikou 只, 者
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 更
    Wu Shanghai 搿能, 搿能介, 搿個能, 介, 實能 dated, 實個能 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 能
    Suzhou 該實梗, 該尚, 哀實梗, 哀尚, 實梗, 尚
    Danyang 根
    Hangzhou 價套, 價, 實價套, 實價
    Ningbo 介
    Wenzhou 該恁, 恁
    Jinhua 帳, 格生, 格亨, 喪
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 絞麼
    Xiang Changsha 咯樣
    Quanzhou 這麼

    Etymology 3 edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 介

    Pronunciation edit

    Definitions edit

    介

    1. (Hong Kong) Informal shorthand for 雞／鸡 (gai1).

    Etymology 4 edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 介

    Pronunciation edit

    Definitions edit

    介

    1. (Hakka) Alternative form of 個／个 (“(particle; classifier)”)

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    介

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Related terms edit

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    介
    かい
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 介 (MC keajH).

    Pronunciation edit

    Affix edit

    介(かい) • (kai) 

    1. to be between, mediate
    2. assist; help
    3. shell, shellfish
    4. armor

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    介 (eum 개 (gae))

    1. forerunner, herald, harbinger
    2. to lie between
    3. sea shell
    4. to wear armor

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    介: Hán Nôm readings: giới

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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