See also: and 𠆤
U+4ECB, 介
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECB

[U+4ECA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4ECC]

Translingual Edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character Edit

(Kangxi radical 9, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人中中 (OLL), four-corner 80220, composition 丿)

Derived characters Edit

Descendants Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 91, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 359
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 103, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+4ECB

Chinese Edit

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           




References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意): (“person”) + two marks encompassing, indicating "in between"

Etymology 1 Edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms Wu
"to assist"
Developed from (OC *kreːds, “armored men”), from (OC *kreːds, “armor”), ultimately from (OC *kreːds, “scale (of animals)”). (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation Edit


Note:
  • 2ka,1ka - colloquial;
  • 2jia - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕie⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
/kɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /kai³⁵/
Chengdu /kai¹³/
/t͡ɕiai¹³/
Guiyang /kai²¹³/
/t͡ɕie²¹³/
Kunming /kæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ka³⁵/
/t͡ɕia³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕie̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ka⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³²⁴/
/ka³²⁴/
Tunxi /ka⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /kai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kai⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kiai⁵³/
Taoyuan /ke⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kai³³/
Nanning /kai³³/
Hong Kong /kai³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kai²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kai³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kai²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kai³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəɨjH/
Li
Rong
/kɛiH/
Wang
Li
/kɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gaai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ kɛjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁr[e]p-s/
English armour; scale of animals

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6525
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kreːds/

Definitions Edit

  1. to lie between
  2. to relate two things; to connect; to link; to introduce
  3. to assist; to help
  4. to hang; to suspend
  5. to rely on; to depend on
  6. firm; persistent; unswerving
  7. such; like this; this kind of
  8. Original form of (jiè, “boundary; role; duty”).
  9. iota; tiny bit. Alternative form of
  10. Classifier for people or copper coins.
  11. seashell; shell
  12. to wear armour
  13. (Min Dong) again; re-
  14. (Taiwan) zepto- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: (Mainland)
  15. (Wu) used to indicate a degree
    [Shanghainese]  ―  1ka 6du [Wugniu]  ―  so big

Compounds Edit

Synonyms Edit

  • (Wu):

Descendants Edit

  • Proto-Tai: *klecꟲ

See also Edit

SI prefix
Last Next
/ /

Etymology 2 Edit

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation Edit

Definitions Edit

  1. (Hong Kong) Informal shorthand for (gai1).

Etymology 3 Edit

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation Edit


Definitions Edit

  1. (Hakka) Alternative form of ((particle; classifier))

Japanese Edit

Kanji Edit

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings Edit

Compounds Edit

Related terms Edit

Etymology Edit

Kanji in this term
かい
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese (MC keajH).

Pronunciation Edit

Affix Edit

(かい) (kai

  1. to be between, mediate
  2. assist; help
  3. shell, shellfish
  4. armor

Korean Edit

Hanja Edit

(eum (gae))

  1. forerunner, herald, harbinger
  2. to lie between
  3. sea shell
  4. to wear armor

Vietnamese Edit

Han character Edit

: Hán Nôm readings: giới

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.