旨

See also: 㫐 and 皀

旨 U+65E8, 旨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E8 ← 旧 [U+65E7] CJK Unified Ideographs 早 → [U+65E9]

Translingual

Han character

旨 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心日 (PA) or 難心日 (XPA), four-corner 2160₁, composition ⿱匕日)

Derived characters

• 恉 指 栺 㸟 脂 𥿻 詣(诣) 酯 鮨 䭫 䭬 鴲 㚛 㞓 𦮂 嘗 㞛 𠺳 㮷 稽 鑙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13738
• Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1485, character 7
• Unihan data for U+65E8

Chinese

trad.		旨
simp. #		旨
alternative forms		㫑 𠤔 𠩊 𠮛 𡱔 㫑 𠤔 𠩊 𠮛 𡱔 𣅀 𣅌 𤮻 𭥍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旨
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
稽	*kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	*ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	*kji, *kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjiʔ) : phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ) + semantic 甘 (“delicious”) – according to the Shuowen.

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) interpretations: 匕, a man tasting, or a spoon (匙).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zi³

• Northern Min (KCR): cǐ
• Eastern Min (BUC): cī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zi²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chih³
    • Yale: jř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi²
    • Yale: jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zi³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǐ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
    • Tâi-lô: tsí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡si⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zi²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsy
    • MiniDict: tsy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyijX

Rime
Character	旨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職雉切
Baxter	tsyijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕˠiɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cjiX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕjiX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kjiʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyijX ›
Old Chinese	/*kijʔ/
English	fine-tasting
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旨
Reading #	1/1
No.	17326
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	旨
Old Chinese	/*kjiʔ/
Notes	甲文象匕在口表甘美， 非匕聲

Definitions

旨

1. delicious
2. fine
3. delicious food
4. intention; purpose; aim
5. decree; imperial decree

Compounds

• 下旨
• 中旨
• 主旨 (zhǔzhǐ)
• 令旨
• 俞旨
• 候旨
• 傳旨／传旨 (chuánzhǐ)
• 先意希旨
• 先意承旨
• 和旨
• 回旨
• 大旨 (dàzhǐ)
• 奉旨 (fèngzhǐ)
• 奧旨／奥旨 (àozhǐ)
• 宏旨 (hóngzhǐ)
• 宗旨 (zōngzhǐ)
• 宣旨 (xuānzhǐ)
• 密旨
• 御旨
• 恩旨
• 意旨 (yìzhǐ)
• 懿旨 (yìzhǐ)
• 承旨
• 承顏順旨／承颜顺旨
• 承風希旨／承风希旨
• 敕旨 (chìzhǐ)
• 教育宗旨
• 旨意 (zhǐyì)
• 旨甘
• 旨蓄
• 旨要 (zhǐyào)
• 旨趣 (zhǐqù)
• 旨酒
• 旨酒嘉肴
• 望風承旨／望风承旨
• 本旨 (běnzhǐ)
• 法旨
• 無關宏旨／无关宏旨
• 玄旨
• 甘旨
• 甘旨肥濃／甘旨肥浓
• 睿旨
• 聖旨／圣旨 (shèngzhǐ)
• 背旨
• 臺旨／台旨
• 芳旨
• 要旨 (yàozhǐ)
• 言微旨遠／言微旨远
• 言近旨遠／言近旨远
• 諭旨／谕旨 (yùzhǐ)
• 趣旨 (qùzhǐ)
• 辭微旨遠／辞微旨远
• 辭旨／辞旨
• 迎意承旨
• 違旨／违旨
• 金樽旨酒
• 鈞旨／钧旨
• 阿意順旨／阿意顺旨
• 阿諛順旨／阿谀顺旨
• 降旨 (jiàngzhǐ)
• 領旨／领旨
• 題旨／题旨

 

References

• “旨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01774

Japanese

Kanji

旨

(Jōyō kanji)

1. delicious
2. appetizing
3. clever

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: むね (mune, 旨, Jōyō); うまい (umai, 旨い)

Compounds

• 旨(うま)味(み) (umami)
• 要旨(ようし) (yōshi)
• 趣旨(しゅし) (shushi)
• 本旨(ほんし) (honshi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
旨
むね Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
宗

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) むね [mùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) むね [múꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ne̞]

Noun

旨(むね) • (mune) ^{←むね (mune)?}

1. principle; aim; purpose
2. gist; meaning

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

旨 (eumhun 맛있을 지 (masisseul ji))

1. hanja form^? of 지 (“delicious; tasty”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

旨 (eumhun 뜻 지 (tteut ji))

1. hanja form^? of 지 (“meaning; definition”)

Vietnamese

Han character

旨: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ

1. royal order, decree