匙
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Translingual edit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character edit
匙 (Kangxi radical 21, 匕+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人心 (AOP), four-corner 61801, composition ⿺是匕)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2590
- Dae Jaweon: page 344, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 263, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5319
Chinese edit
| trad. | 匙 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 匙 | |
Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 匙 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鞮 | *teː |
| 隄 | *teː, *deː |
| 堤 | *teː, *teːʔ, *dje |
| 鍉 | *teː |
| 蝭 | *teːs, *deː |
| 醍 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
| 緹 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
| 提 | *deː, *dje |
| 瑅 | *deː |
| 題 | *deː, *deːs |
| 媞 | *deː, *deːʔ, *djeʔ |
| 褆 | *deː, *deʔ, *djeʔ |
| 禔 | *deː, *tje, *dje |
| 騠 | *deː |
| 趧 | *deː |
| 鯷 | *deː, *deːs, *djes |
| 踶 | *deːs, *deʔ |
| 徥 | *deʔ, *djeʔ |
| 匙 | *dje |
| 是 | *djeʔ |
| 諟 | *djeʔ |
| 翨 | *hljes, *kles |
| 睼 | *tʰeːns |
| 寔 | *djɯɡ |
| 湜 | *dɯɡ |
| 遈 | *djɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Definitions edit
匙
Synonyms edit
Compounds edit
See also edit
Pronunciation 2 edit
Definitions edit
匙
Synonyms edit
Compounds edit
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: じ (ji)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kan’yō-on: ひ (hi)
- Kun: かい (kai, 匙); さじ (saji, 匙); しゃじ (shaji, 匙); すくい (sukui, 匙)
Etymology 1 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| じ Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The goon, so likely the earliest borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
Usage notes edit
Only found in compounds.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| し Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 匙 (ci4), Min Nan 匙 (sî).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
Usage notes edit
Only found in compounds.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| ひ Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 匕 |
Likely an alteration of the kan'on reading shi: /si/ → /hi/
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Usage notes edit
Only found in compounds.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| かい Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 匕 |
/kapi1/ → /kapi/ → /kaɸi/ → /kahi/ → /kai/
From Old Japanese 貝 (kai, “shellfish, clam; clam shell”), from the way that clam shells were used as scoops.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| さじ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 匕 |
Originally a compound of 茶 (sa, “tea”, the tōon or Tang reading) + 匙 (ji, “spoon, scoop”).[1][2][3] This on'yomi reading for a two-character term was then applied to the single-character 匙 spelling, and re-interpreted as kun'yomi.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- spoon, scoop used for food
- 私たちは匙でスープを飲む。
- Watashitachi wa saji de sūpu o nomu.
- We eat soup with a spoon.
- 私たちは匙でスープを飲む。
- more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine
- by extension, medicine
- by further extension, a doctor
Usage notes edit
In modern Japanese, the term スプーン (supūn) is used to refer to spoons in general, including spoons as found in the Western world. The term saji generally refers more to the broad, usually flat-bottomed Asian-style spoon shown at right.
The saji reading is the most common in modern Japanese when using this term as a standalone noun. The kanji spelling (匙) is rarely encountered; it is usually written in hiragana alone (さじ).
Derived terms edit
- 石匙 (ishi saji): (neolithic) a stone spoon or scoop
- 大匙 (ōsaji): a large spoon or scoop, a ladle; a tablespoon, a unit of measure of 15ml
- 御匙 (o-saji): a spoon (polite speech); a doctor (especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family)
- 御匙医師 (o-saji ishi): a doctor (especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family)
- 香匙 (kō saji): an incense scoop
- 小匙 (kosaji): a small spoon or scoop; a teaspoon, a unit of measure of 5ml
- 匙沢瀉, 匙面高 (sajiomodaka): a perennial flowering plant, Alisma plantago-aquatica var. orientale (common water plantain, mad-dog weed)
- 匙加減 (sajikagen): literally, “spoon moderation”: the degree of skill in compounding medicine; a doctor's method of treatment; the balance of flavors in a dish; knack or finesse in doing something
- 匙が回る (saji ga mawaru): (idiom): “the spoon goes around” → to be skillful at compounding medicine
- 匙先 (sajisaki): literally, “spoon tip”: the degree of skill in compounding medicine; a doctor's skill in treatment
- 匙を投げる (saji o nageru): (idiom): “throw the spoon” → throw in the towel
- 茶匙 (cha saji): a teaspoon (a spoon used for tea); a teaspoon, a unit of measure of 5ml
- 角匙 (tsuno saji): a spoon made from horn, such as a cow's horn, used historically when working with medicines
- 灰匙 (hai saji): a spoon or scoop used to scoop out ashes from the brazier used for tea ceremony
- 浜匙 (hamasaji): a perennial plant, Limonium tetragonum (autumn statice or square-stem statice)
- 一匙飯 (hitosaji meshi): a single scoop of cooked rice (viewed as inadequate and bad luck to eat just this amount, with some superstitions that eating just this would cause one to become a stepmother or stepchild)
Idioms edit
- 匙の先より口の先 (saji no saki yori kuchi no saki): “not so much the tip of their spoon, as the tip of their tongue” → a pejorative comment about a doctor, stating that they are better at flattery and speaking nicely, than they are at actual medical treatment
- 匙を投げる (saji o nageru): “to throw the [medicine] spoon” → to throw in the towel, to give up
Synonyms edit
Etymology 6 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| しゃじ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Appears to be an alteration of saji above: [sad͡ʑi] → [ɕad͡ʑi][1][2][3]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
This reading does not appear to be as common as the saji reading above. May be dialectal.
Etymology 7 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| すくい Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling of 掬い (sukui, “scoop”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掬う (sukuu, “to scoop”).[1]
Rare. Only found in compounds.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
Although the general term 掬い (sukui) can serve as a standalone noun, this particular 匙 spelling for sukui is only found in compounds.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
匙 (eum 시 (si))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
匙: Hán Nôm readings: thi, thìa, thì, chủy/chuỷ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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