匙
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
匙 (radical 21, 匕+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人心 (AOP), four-corner 61801, composition ⿺是匕)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 153, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2590
- Dae Jaweon: page 344, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 263, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5319
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
匙 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 匙 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鞮 | *teː |
| 隄 | *teː, *deː |
| 堤 | *teː, *teːʔ, *dje |
| 鍉 | *teː |
| 蝭 | *teːs, *deː |
| 醍 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
| 緹 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
| 提 | *deː, *dje |
| 瑅 | *deː |
| 題 | *deː, *deːs |
| 媞 | *deː, *deːʔ, *djeʔ |
| 褆 | *deː, *deʔ, *djeʔ |
| 禔 | *deː, *tje, *dje |
| 騠 | *deː |
| 趧 | *deː |
| 鯷 | *deː, *deːs, *djes |
| 踶 | *deːs, *deʔ |
| 徥 | *deʔ, *djeʔ |
| 匙 | *dje |
| 是 | *djeʔ |
| 諟 | *djeʔ |
| 翨 | *hljes, *kles |
| 睼 | *tʰeːns |
| 寔 | *djɯɡ |
| 湜 | *dɯɡ |
| 遈 | *djɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *dje): phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
匙
CompoundsEdit
See alsoEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
匙
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: じ (ji)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kan’yō-on: ひ (hi)
- Kun: かい (kai, 匙); さじ (saji, 匙); しゃじ (shaji, 匙); すくい (sukui, 匙)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| じ Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The goon, so likely the earliest borrowing from Middle Chinese.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
Usage notesEdit
Only found in compounds.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| し Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 匙 (ci4), Min Nan 匙 (sî).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
Usage notesEdit
Only found in compounds.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| ひ Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
Likely an alteration of the kan'on reading shi: /si/ → /hi/
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
AffixEdit
Usage notesEdit
Only found in compounds.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| かい Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
/kapi1/ → /kapi/ → /kaɸi/ → /kahi/ → /kai/
From Old Japanese 貝 (kai, “shellfish, clam; clam shell”), from the way that clam shells were used as scoops.[1][2][3]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
匙 • (kai) (historical kana かひ)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| さじ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 茶 (sa, “tea”) + 匙 (ji, “spoon, scoop”)[[Category:Japanese compound the tōon or Tang readings|さじ]].[1][2][2][3] This on'yomi reading for a two-character term was then applied to the single-character 匙 spelling, and re-interpreted as kun'yomi.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
- spoon, scoop used for food
- 私たちは匙でスープを飲む。
- Watashitachi wa saji de sūpu o nomu.
- We eat soup with a spoon.
- 私たちは匙でスープを飲む。
- more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine
- by extension, medicine
- by further extension, a doctor
Usage notesEdit
In modern Japanese, the term スプーン (supūn) is used to refer to spoons in general, including spoons as found in the Western world. The term saji generally refers more to the broad, usually flat-bottomed Asian-style spoon shown at right.
The saji reading is the most common in modern Japanese when using this term as a standalone noun. The kanji spelling (匙) is rarely encountered; it is usually written in hiragana alone (さじ).
Derived termsEdit
- 石匙 (ishi saji): (neolithic) a stone spoon or scoop
- 大匙 (ōsaji): a large spoon or scoop, a ladle; a tablespoon, a unit of measure of 15ml
- 御匙 (osaji): a spoon (polite speech); a doctor (especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family)
- 御匙医師 (osaji ishi): a doctor (especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family)
- 香匙 (kō saji): an incense scoop
- 小匙 (kosaji): a small spoon or scoop; a teaspoon, a unit of measure of 5ml
- 匙沢瀉, 匙面高 (sajiomodaka): a perennial flowering plant, Alisma plantago-aquatica var. orientale (common water plantain, mad-dog weed)
- 匙加減 (sajikagen): literally, “spoon moderation”: the degree of skill in compounding medicine; a doctor's method of treatment; the balance of flavors in a dish; knack or finesse in doing something
- 匙が回る (saji ga mawaru): (idiom): “the spoon goes around” → to be skillful at compounding medicine
- 匙先 (sajisaki): literally, “spoon tip”: the degree of skill in compounding medicine; a doctor's skill in treatment
- 匙を投げる (saji o nageru): (idiom): “throw the spoon” → throw in the towel
- 茶匙 (cha saji): a teaspoon (a spoon used for tea); a teaspoon, a unit of measure of 5ml
- 角匙 (tsuno saji): a spoon made from horn, such as a cow's horn, used historically when working with medicines
- 灰匙 (hai saji): a spoon or scoop used to scoop out ashes from the brazier used for tea ceremony
- 浜匙 (hamasaji): a perennial plant, Limonium tetragonum (autumn statice or square-stem statice)
- 一匙飯 (hitosaji meshi): a single scoop of cooked rice (viewed as inadequate and bad luck to eat just this amount, with some superstitions that eating just this would cause one to become a stepmother or stepchild)
IdiomsEdit
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 6Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| しゃじ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Appears to be an alteration of saji above: [sad͡ʑi] → [ɕad͡ʑi][1][2][3]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Usage notesEdit
This reading does not appear to be as common as the saji reading above. May be dialectal.
Etymology 7Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| すくい Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Alternate spelling of 掬い (sukui, “scoop”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掬う (sukuu, “to scoop”).[1]
Rare. Only found in compounds.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
匙 • (sukui) (historical kana すくひ)
- (rare) a scoop
Usage notesEdit
Although the general term sukui can serve as a standalone noun, this particular 匙 spelling for sukui is only found in compounds.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
匙 (eum 시 (si))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
匙: Hán Nôm readings: thi, thìa, thì, chủy/chuỷ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.