犯

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

犯 (radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 4721₂, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived charactersEdit

𠱍, 𣳜

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 706, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
Unihan data for U+72AF

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		犯

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 犯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
氾	pʰoms, bom
犯	*bomʔ
範	*bomʔ
范	*bomʔ
笵	*bomʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bomʔ): semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().

EtymologyEdit

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects, except for Hakka. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fàn (fan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁶, faan^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fam

(Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): fan³
Min Dong (BUC): huâng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn / hoān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huam⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ve (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: fan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fàn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan⁶, faan^6-2
  - Yale: faahn, fáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁶, faan^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan⁶, fan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fäːn²²/, /fäːn²²⁻³⁵/

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: fan³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
  - Tâi-lô: huǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ / huam⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/

Note:

huang6 - Shantou;
huam6 - Chaozhou.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ve (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̻e̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /bʉɐm^X/

Rime
Character	犯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	防錽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buam^X/
Li Rong	/biuɐm^X/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàn

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bomʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犯
Reading #	1/1
No.	2980
Phonetic component	氾
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	范
Old Chinese	/*bomʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

犯

to commit (crime), to violate
犯罪 ― fànzuì ― to commit crime
criminal
罪犯 ― zuìfàn ― criminal

俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
bei² go³ faan^6-2 zau² lat¹ zo² aa³! [Jyutping]
The criminal ran loose!