犯
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
犯 (radical 94 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 706, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
- Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1331, character 8
- Unihan data for U+72AF
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
犯 | |
|---|---|---|
EtymologyEdit
| Historical forms of the character 犯
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 氾 | *pʰoms, *bom |
| 犯 | *bomʔ |
| 範 | *bomʔ |
| 范 | *bomʔ |
| 笵 | *bomʔ |
"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.
This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects, except for Hakka. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faan6, faan6-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fam
- Min Dong (BUC): huâng
- Min Nan (POJ): hoǎn / hoān
- Wu (Wiktionary): ve (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: fan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
- IPA (key): /fa̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: faan6, faan6-2
- Yale: faahn, fáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: faan6, faan6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: fan6, fan2
- IPA (key): /fɑːn²²/, /fɑːn²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
- Hakka Romanization System: fam
- Hagfa Pinyim: fam4
- IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
- IPA (key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ve (T3)
- IPA (key): /v̻e̞²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 犯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 凡 (146) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 防錽切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bɨɐmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/biɐmX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/biɐmX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/buamX/ |
| Li Rong |
/biɐmX/ |
| Wang Li |
/bĭwɐmX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱi̯wɐmX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fàn |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 犯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2980 |
| Phonetic component |
氾 |
| Rime group |
談 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
范 |
| Old Chinese |
/*bomʔ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
犯
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
犯 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune-Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.