系

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Japanese	系係繋
Simplified	系系系
Traditional	系係繫

Han characterEdit

系 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+1, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹女戈火 (HVIF), four-corner 2090₃, composition ⿱丿糸)

Usage notesEdit

In Chinese, this character both exists as a traditional character and as simplification of 係 and 繫. In Japanese, 系 and 係 are separate characters, while 繫 is unofficially simplified as 繋 (extended shinjitai).

Derived charactersEdit

係孫綔緐緜縣繇鯀鲧䌛𦅚㰃縠徽𦆮𡽪

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 915, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27223
Dae Jaweon: page 1342, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3361, character 2
Unihan data for U+7CFB

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (系) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
係	*keːɡs
系	*ɡeːɡs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): abbreviated 手 + 糸. Also used as simplified forms:

Simplified from 繫 (𣪠 (jī) → 丿).
Simplified from 係 (xì) (elimination of 人 (rén)).

Etymology 1Edit

trad.		系
simp. ^#		系

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

(Chengdu, SP): xi⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): hai⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): xi⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): he / ne

(Meixian, Guangdong): hi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): xi³
Min Bei (KCR): hī
Min Dong (BUC): hiê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hē

(Teochew, Peng'im): hi⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhi
Xiang (Wiktionary): xi⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sì
  - Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
  - Yale: syì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hai⁶
  - Yale: haih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐi̯²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: he / ne
  - Hakka Romanization System: he / ne
  - Hagfa Pinyim: he⁴ / ne⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /he⁵⁵/, /ne⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /çi⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xi³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕi⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xi⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē
  - Tâi-lô: hē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: he
  - IPA (Xiamen): /he²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /he⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /he²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /he³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /he³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hi³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 系
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕi⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕi²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕi¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕi²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɕi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ji²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕie¹¹/ 關～ /t͡ɕie⁴²/ ～帶子
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕi⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/hi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐi²²/
	Nanning	/hɐi²²/
	Hong Kong	/hɐi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/he²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hiɛ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xi⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hi³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hi³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦei^H/

Rime
Character	系
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡計切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛj^H/
Li Rong	/ɣei^H/
Wang Li	/ɣiei^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]-kˤek-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	系
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xì
Middle Chinese	‹ hej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]-kˁek-s/
English	bind (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	系
Reading #	1/1
No.	13427
Phonetic component	系
Rime group	賜
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蒵
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːɡs/

DefinitionsEdit

系

department; faculty
中文系 ― zhōngwén xì ― Chinese language faculty
system
太陽系／太阳系 ― Tàiyángxì ― the Solar system
to belong to; to be part of; to fall under; to be categorised as; to be classified as

SynonymsEdit

(to belong to):

edit

屬於／属于 (shǔyú)
歸屬／归属 (guīshǔ)

歸於／归于 (guīyú)

純屬／纯属 (chúnshǔ) (to belong completely)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 系

一系列 (yīxìliè)
世系 (shìxì)
印度法系
姓系
嫡系 (díxì)
家系 (jiāxì)
寒武系
山系 (shānxì)
旁系 (pángxì)
星系 (xīngxì)
晶系 (jīngxì)
本科系
根系
正方晶系
母系 (mǔxì)
母系制度
水系 (shuǐxì)
河外星系
法系 (fǎxì)
泰系各族
派系 (pàixì)
父系 (fùxì)
父系制度
男系
直系 (zhíxì)
神系
科系 (kēxì)
系刊
系列 (xìliè)
系列化 (xìlièhuà)
系列片 (xìlièpiàn)
系念
系族 (xìzú)
系璧

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sì
  - Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
  - Yale: syì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/

DefinitionsEdit

系

^‡ chopsticks

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 系 – see 繫 (“to tie, to fasten, to button up; to connect; to link; etc.”). (This character, 系, is the simplified form of 繫.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 系 – see 係 (“to relate; to bear on; to tie; to bind; etc.”). (This character, 系, is the simplified form of 係.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

系

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: つなぐ (tsunagu, 系ぐ)

CompoundsEdit

経(けい)絡(らく)系(けい) (keirakukei): the meridian system
系(けい)図(ず) (keizu)
系(けい)統(とう) (keitō): system; genealogy
系(けい)譜(ふ) (keifu)
系(けい)列(れつ) (keiretsu): a series; a kind of corporate conglomerate particular to Japan.
体(たい)系(けい) (taikei): system
- 体(たい)系(けい)的(てき) (taikeiteki): systematic

SuffixEdit

系(けい) • (-kei)

system, family
- 2017, 桑原恵美子, ベルメゾン　「人をダメにする」冬物アイテムぞくぞく in Nikkei Style, 日本経済新聞社
  これらの「人(ひと)をダメにする」系(けい)のヒットの先(さき)駆(が)けは、2014(にせんじゅうよん)年(ねん)に発売(はつばい)された無(む)印(じるし)商(しょう)品(ひん)の「体(からだ)にフィットするソファ」。
  Korera no “hito o dame ni suru” -kei no hitto no sakigake wa, nisenjūyon-nen ni hatsubai sareta Mujirushi Shōhin no “karada ni fitto suru sofa”.
  (please add an English translation of this example)
感(かん)動(どう)する系(けい)の曲(きょく)
kandō suru kei no kyoku
an emotionally stirring kind of musical piece

癒(いや)し系(けい)の女(じょ)性(せい)
iyashi-kei no josei
a soothing kind of woman

萌(も)え系(けい)
moe-kei
moe-type anime
style

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

系 (eumhun 이을 계 (ieul gye))

Hanja form^? of 계 (“connect, link, join”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

系: Hán Nôm readings: hệ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

Nom Foundation