野馬

Chinese

		field; plain; open space field; plain; open space; limit; boundary; rude; wild	horse; surname
trad. (野馬)		野	馬
simp. (野马)		野	马

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yěmǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵ maa⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ-mâ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iá-bé

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yěmǎ [Phonetic: yémǎ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yěmǎ
    • Wade–Giles: yeh³-ma³
    • Yale: yě-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeemaa
    • Palladius: ема (jema)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: je⁵ maa⁵
    • Yale: yéh máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵ maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵ ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³ maː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ-mâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ia´ ma´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹ ma¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ-mâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´ ma´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹ ma¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá-bé
    • Tâi-lô: iá-bé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iafbea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyoX maeX

Rime
Character	野	馬
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	承與切	莫下切
Baxter	dzyoX	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨʌX/	/mˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɔX/	/mᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɔX/	/maX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨə̆X/	/maɨX/
Li Rong	/ʑiɔX/	/maX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭoX/	/maX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯woX/	/maX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu6	maa5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lAʔ  mˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ  mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	野	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yě	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ yæX ›	‹ mæX ›
Old Chinese	/*lAʔ/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	open country	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野	馬
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	15722	8715
Phonetic component	予	馬
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	野	馬
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

野馬

1. wild horse; untamed horse
2. (archaic) water vapour, floating clouds or dust in the fields
3. Alternative name for 貉 (hé).

Derived terms

• 跑野馬／跑野马

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
野	馬
や Grade: 2	ば Grade: 2
on’yomi

Kanji in this term
野	馬
の Grade: 2	ま Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Kanji in this term
野	馬
の Grade: 2	うま Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

野 (no, ya, “field”) +‎ 馬 (uma, ma, ba, “horse”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) の​うま [nóꜜùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [no̞ɯ̟ᵝma̠]

• (Tokyo) の​ま [nóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [no̞ma̠]

• (Tokyo) や​ば [yáꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ja̠ba̠]

Noun

野(の)馬(うま) or 野(の)馬(ま) or 野(や)馬(ば) • (nouma or noma or yaba) 

1. a wild horse