-ate

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ate"

English

Pronunciation

(adjectives, nouns) IPA^(key): /ət/
(verbs, adjectives, nouns, chemistry) IPA^(key): /eɪt/
Audio (US): (file)

Etymology 1

(Early 15th century) Borrowed from Latin -ātus, perfect passive participle ending of first conjugation verbs and forming participial adjectives from nouns. Before a suffix, introduced in Middle English, participial adjectives borrowed from such Latin participles were written with final -at (Middle English desolat for modern desolate) and could be used as past participle of verbs in -aten (see Etymology 2), see generate or communicate for remnants of it. See also content, complete, sparse; adjectives of participial origin, from Latin. Doublet of -ee and cognate with English -ed.

Suffix

-ate

forms adjectives with meaning "having the specified thing"
Synonyms: -ed, -ous

lobate — “having lobes, lobed”
forms adjectives with meaning "characterized by the specified thing"
Italianate — “characterized by Italian features”
forms adjectives with meaning "resembling the specified thing"
palmate — “resembling the palm”

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)

Translations

having property

Esperanto: -ulo (eo) (person or zoology)
French: -âtre (fr)
Galician: -ado (gl) m, -ada f
Latin: -atus m
Portuguese: -ado (pt) m, -ada (pt) f
Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f
Swedish: -ad (sv)

characterized by the specified thing

Esperanto: -ulo (eo) (person or zoology)
Portuguese: -ado (pt) m, -ada (pt) f
Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f
Swedish: -sk

resembling the specified thing

Portuguese: -ado (pt)

Etymology 2

See Etymology 1. In Middle English, verbs were derived from Latin-borrowed participial adjectives and written with final -aten (see -en; Middle English desolaten for modern desolate). In the 15th century, the loss of most verbal morphology in English made verbs formally identical to adjectives; this led to numerous adjectives in -ate, originally borrowed from the perfect passive participle of first conjugation Latin verbs being used as verbs (as well as the heteronymy of former Middle English verbs with their corresponding participles), and, in the late 16th century, the systematic borrowing of such Latin participles as English verbs. The sheer number of newly borrowed verbs from Latin ending in -ate later gave rise to -ate's productivity as a verbal suffix.^[1]

further etymology

The same process also led to the systematic borrowing of Latin perfect passive participle of other kinds as English verbs. See dissect, delete, erase, applause (when older applaud) and exhaust: all borrowed from Latin participial stems of diverse conjugation groups. Compare also Basque -tu for similar development.

Suffix

-ate

derives verbs (mostly) from Latin stems of various lexical categories
formulate ← fōrmula

masturbate ← masturbor

phonate ← φωνή (phōnḗ)

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)

Related terms

Etymology 3

From the substantivation of past participles from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. It grew to popularity after its morphological revival in French during the 14th century, where past participle-inherited substantives began to be Latinized (see French avoué and its re-Latinized version, avocat. Compare also English advocate with further re-Latinization). The older -é (avoué, employé) gave English -ee (employee).

Suffix

-ate

(rare) forms nouns meaning "person or thing that is the object or subject of that performed verb"
Synonym: -ee

affiliate — “a person having been affiliated, affiliated”

graduate — “a person having graduated, graduated”
(biology) forms nouns meaning "specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in -ata"
articulate — “An animal of the subkingdom Articulata”

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)

Translations

substantive

French: -é (fr)

Etymology 4

From the substantivation of past participles from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Used so to denote a product having been subjected to the said chemical and thus derived by it (e.g. plumbum acētātum (“acetated lead”) → acetate (“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)).

Suffix

-ate

(chemistry) forms derivatives of specified elements or compounds; especially salts or esters of an acid whose name ends in -ic
acetate — “a salt or ester of acetic acid”

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (chemical)

aminocyclopropanecarboxylate

ethylmercurithiosalicylate

Translations

chemical derivative

French: -ate (fr)
Hindi: -ईय (-īya)
Hungarian: -át
Irish: -áit
Malay: -at
Polish: -an (pl) m
Portuguese: -ato m
Spanish: -ato (es) m
Swedish: -at (sv)
Swedish: -at (sv)
Turkish: -at
Welsh: -ad m

Etymology 5

From the Latin abstract-noun-forming suffix -ātus, -ātūs.

Suffix

-ate

forms nouns denoting a rank or office
emirate — “the office of an emir”
forms nouns denoting the concrete charge, context of a rank or office
emirate — “the realm of an emir”
forms nouns denoting a group of officials associated with a rank or office
triumvirate — “an official group of three men, triumvirs”
forms nouns denoting a social or political system ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
patriarchate — “a social system in which heads of household (patriarchs) hold the power”
forms nouns denoting a state (government) ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
emirate — “a state ruled by an emir”
forms nouns denoting a state associated with one's social situation
celibate — “the state of being a bachelor, celibacy”

Synonym: -cy

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (rank or office)

Translations

a rank or office

French: -at (fr)
Interlingua: -ato
Portuguese: -ato m, -ado (pt) m
Spanish: -ato (es) m, -ado (es) m
Welsh: -aeth (cy) f, -iaeth (cy) f

Anagrams

eta, æt., eat, Tea, AET, aet, tea, a.e.t., ETA, aet., TEA

References

^ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “-ate, suffix³”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 532, column 2.

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /at/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-ate m (plural -ates)

(chemistry, in nouns) -ate
‎benzo- (“benzo-”) + ‎-ate → ‎benzoate (“benzoate”)

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.te/
Rhymes: -ate
Hyphenation: -à‧te

Etymology 1

Feminine plural of -ato. From Latin -ātās, feminine accusative plural of -ātus.

Suffix

-ate f pl (non-lemma form of past participle-forming suffix)

used with a suffix to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -are verbs

Suffix

-ate f (proper noun-forming suffix)

common suffix of various towns in Lombardy, that usually indicates belonging to a person or a family

Etymology 2

From Latin -ātis (second-person plural present active indicative ending). The imperative comes from Latin -ate.

Suffix

-ate (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

used with a stem to form the second-person plural present and imperative of regular -are verbs

Anagrams

-eta, -età, eta, età

Japanese

Romanization

-ate

Rōmaji transcription of あて

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.te/, [ˈäːt̪ɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.te/, [ˈäːt̪e]

Etymology 1

Suffix

-āte

second-person plural present active imperative of -ō (first conjugation)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-āte

vocative masculine singular of -ātus

Ojibwe

Final

-ate

be or be in an interior space, room, house

Related terms

ate (“be (in a certain place)”)

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/ate-final

Romanian

Etymology

Feminine plural of -at; from Latin -ātae, feminine nominative plural of -ātus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.te/

Suffix

-ate (masculine singular -at, feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați)

used with a stem to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs. (e.g. lăsate, măsurate, etc.)

Derived terms

Category Romanian terms suffixed with -ate not found

[1] James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “-ate, suffix³”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 532, column 2.

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