hail
See also: hæil
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English hayle, haile, hail, from Old English hæġl, hæġel, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz (compare West Frisian heil, Low German Hagel, Dutch hagel, German Hagel, Danish hagl, Norwegian hagl)). Either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”), or from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”) (compare Old Norse héla (“frost”)).
Root-cognates outside of Germanic include Welsh caill (“testicle”), Breton kell (“testicle”), Lithuanian šešėlis (“shade, shadow”), Ancient Greek κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble”), Albanian çakëll (“pebble”), Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold”).
NounEdit
hail (countable and uncountable, plural hails)
- (meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.
- (meteorology, countable) An occurrence of this type of precipitation; a hailstorm.
- (countable, by extension) A rapid, intense barrage by a large number of projectiles or other objects.
- 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?[1], archived from the original on 3 November 2022, 40:01 from the start:
- Their lack of good intelligence also meant that they vastly overestimated the size of their foes for far too long, hails of armor-piercing shells doing comparatively little damage compared to the high explosive that they should have been using.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
balls of ice
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VerbEdit
hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)
- (impersonal) Of hail, to fall from the sky.
- They say it's going to hail tomorrow.
- (intransitive) To send or release hail.
- The cloud would hail down furiously within a few minutes.
- To pour down in rapid succession.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
to fall from the sky, of hail
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Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English heil (“healthy, sound”), from Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, entire, healthy”). The verb is from Middle English heilen, itself from the adjective. Doublet of whole, hale, and heil.
AdjectiveEdit
hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)
VerbEdit
hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)
- (transitive) To greet; give salutation to; salute.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 249–252:
- […] Farewel happy Fields / Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail / Infernal world, and thou profoundeſt Hell / Receive they new Poſſeſſor: […]
- (transitive) To name; to designate; to call.
- 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 28:
- Such a Son as all men hail'd me happy;
- He was hailed as a hero.
- (transitive) To call out loudly in order to gain the attention of.
- Hail a taxi.
- (transitive, by extension, UK, Australia) To indicate, from a designated stop or otherwise, to the driver of a public transport vehicle that one wishes to board and travel on the vehicle, usually using hand signals such as waving.
- In Melbourne, you would usually have to hail a tram when you are travelling late at night and there are no other passengers waiting at your stop.
- (transitive) To signal in order to initiate communication with.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
to greet
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to name, to designate (as someone/something)
to call out loudly in order to gain the attention of
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to signal in order to initiate communication with
InterjectionEdit
hail
- (archaic or poetic) An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
- Hail, brave friend.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
greeting!
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AnagramsEdit
EstonianEdit
NounEdit
hail
IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
hail
- h-prothesized form of ail
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
hail (uncountable)
- Alternative form of hayle (“hail”)
Etymology 2Edit
AdjectiveEdit
hail
- Alternative form of heil (“healthy, sound”)
NounEdit
hail (uncountable)
- Alternative form of heil (“health, welfare”)
ScotsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old English hāl (“healthy, safe”), from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, safe, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂ilus (“healthy, whole”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)
- whole
- free or recovered from disease, healthy, wholesome
- (of people, parts of the body, etc.) free from injury, safe, sound, unhurt
- (of material objects and of time, numbers etc.) whole, entire, complete, sound, unbroken, undamaged
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- hailly (“wholly, completely”)
- hailins (“wholly, completely, extremely”)
- hail an fere (“in perfect health or condition, strong, unbroken”)
- hail-an-hauden (“absolutely whole”)
- hail-heidit (“unhurt; whole, entire, complete”)
- hail hypothec (“whole of something, the whole concern”)
- hail-hertit (“undaunted, stalwart”)
- hailscart (“without a scratch, scot-free”)
- hail-skint (“having an undamaged skin”)
- hailsome (“wholesome”)
- hail Yuil (“the old Christmas season from December 25th to the twelfth night”)
- hail watter (“downpour”)
- meat-hail (“having a healthy, unimpaired appetite”)
- the hail closhach (“the whole quantity or number”)
- the hail jing-bang (“the whole caboodle”)
- the hail tot (“the sum total, the whole lot”)
- unhailsome (“unwholesome”)
NounEdit
hail (plural hails)
VerbEdit
hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailin, simple past hailt, past participle hailt)
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailin, simple past hailt, past participle hailt)
Derived termsEdit
- ower hail (“to overtake”)
NounEdit
hail (plural hails)
Etymology 3Edit
From Old English hæġl, hæġel, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”), or from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
hail (uncountable)
- (weather) hail, hailstones
- small shot, pellets
Derived termsEdit
- hailie-pickle (“hailstone”)
- hailstane (“hailstone”)
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish حائل (hail), from Arabic حَائِل (ḥāʔil). An Ottoman Turkish homophone from Arabic هَائِل (hāʔil) did not survive to modern Turkish.
NounEdit
hail (definite accusative haili, plural hailler) (obsolete)
ReferencesEdit
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ha'il¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 2, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1838
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “hâil”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 373
- Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013) The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
hail
- h-prothesized form of ail (“second”)
MutationEdit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ail | unchanged | unchanged | hail |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||