agir

See also: ağır

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French agir, itself from Latin agere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əˈʒi]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [aˈd͡ʒiɾ]
• Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

Verb

agir (first-person singular present ageixo, first-person singular preterite agí, past participle agit)

1. to act, to behave

   Synonyms: obrar (standard), actuar

2. to be all about

   Synonyms: obrar (standard), tractar-se

Conjugation

    Conjugation of agir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			agir
gerund			agint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		agit		agida
		plural		agits		agides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	ageixo	ageixes	ageix	agim	agiu	ageixen
	imperfect	agia	agies	agia	agíem	agíeu	agien
	future	agiré	agiràs	agirà	agirem	agireu	agiran
	preterite	agí	agires	agí	agírem	agíreu	agiren
	conditional	agiria	agiries	agiria	agiríem	agiríeu	agirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	ageixi	ageixis	ageixi	agim	agiu	ageixin
	imperfect	agís	agissis	agís	agíssim	agíssiu	agissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	ageix	ageixi	agim	agiu	ageixin
	negative (no)	—	no ageixis	no ageixi	no agim	no agiu	no ageixin

References

• “agir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin agere. Attested from the fifteenth century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.ʒiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

agir

1. (intransitive) to act, to do (something)

   Il est temps d’agir.

   It is time to act.

   Il faut agir pour lutter contre la pauvreté.

   We must act in order to fight poverty.

   Il n’agit pas comme il devrait.

   He’s not doing as he should.

   Il sait mieux agir que parler.

   He knows better how to do [something] than to talk.

   • 1970, Jean-Jacques Pauvert, Victor Hugo : Complete Writings:

     Aimer, c’est agir

     To love is to act

2. (intransitive) to work, to have an effect; (followed by sur) to act (on)

   Le soleil agit sur les planètes.

   The sun acts on the planets.

   Le médicament doit agir, je ne me sens plus malade du tout.

   The medicine must work, all of a sudden I don't feel sick.

3. (intransitive) to act, behave

   Vous agissez en enfants.

   You’re acting like children.

   Il agit comme un fou.

   He’s acting like a madman.

   Il a bien agi avec moi.

   He's acted well with me.

4. (law, followed by contre) prosecute, sue

   Il a été obligé d’agir contre son tuteur.

   He was obliged to sue his guardian.

5. (impersonal, reflexive, followed by de) to be, be all about, be a question of

   Dans le livre il s’agit d’une femme perdue.

   The book is about a lost woman.

   Il s’agit de vous en tirer honorablement.

   It’s all about you getting out of there honorably.

   Dans la vie; il s’agit de faire son devoir.

   Life is all about doing your duty.

   Il s’agissait de choisir entre les ducs.

   It was about choosing between the two dukes.

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of agir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	agir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	agissant /a.ʒi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		agi /a.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	agis /a.ʒi/	agis /a.ʒi/	agit /a.ʒi/	agissons /a.ʒi.sɔ̃/	agissez /a.ʒi.se/	agissent /a.ʒis/
	imperfect	agissais /a.ʒi.sɛ/	agissais /a.ʒi.sɛ/	agissait /a.ʒi.sɛ/	agissions /a.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	agissiez /a.ʒi.sje/	agissaient /a.ʒi.sɛ/
	past historic2	agis /a.ʒi/	agis /a.ʒi/	agit /a.ʒi/	agîmes /a.ʒim/	agîtes /a.ʒit/	agirent /a.ʒiʁ/
	future	agirai /a.ʒi.ʁe/	agiras /a.ʒi.ʁa/	agira /a.ʒi.ʁa/	agirons /a.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/	agirez /a.ʒi.ʁe/	agiront /a.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	agirais /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	agirais /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	agirait /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	agirions /a.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/	agiriez /a.ʒi.ʁje/	agiraient /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	agisse /a.ʒis/	agisses /a.ʒis/	agisse /a.ʒis/	agissions /a.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	agissiez /a.ʒi.sje/	agissent /a.ʒis/
	imperfect2	agisse /a.ʒis/	agisses /a.ʒis/	agît /a.ʒi/	agissions /a.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	agissiez /a.ʒi.sje/	agissent /a.ʒis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	agis /a.ʒi/	—	agissons /a.ʒi.sɔ̃/	agissez /a.ʒi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-. This verb is impersonal and is conjugated only in the third-person singular.

Conjugation of s'agir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	s'agir
	compound	s'être + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	s’agissant /sa.ʒi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant or étant + past participle
past participle		agi /a.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’agit /sa.ʒi/	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	s’agissait /sa.ʒi.sɛ/	—	—	—
	past historic2	—	—	s’agit /sa.ʒi/	—	—	—
	future	—	—	s’agira /sa.ʒi.ʁa/	—	—	—
	conditional	—	—	s’agirait /sa.ʒi.ʁɛ/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of s'être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of s'être + past participle
	future perfect	future of s'être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of s'être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’agisse /sa.ʒis/	—	—	—
	imperfect2	—	—	s’agît /sa.ʒi/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of s'être + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	—	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative of s'être + past participle	—	simple imperative of s'être + past participle	simple imperative of s'être + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

• (s'agir de/s'en agir) This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

This verb is impersonal and is conjugated only in the third-person singular.

Conjugation of s'en agir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	s'en agir
	compound	s'en être + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	s’en agissant /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.sɑ̃/
	compound	s'en étant + past participle
past participle		agi /a.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’en agit /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi/	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	s’en agissait /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.sɛ/	—	—	—
	past historic2	—	—	s’en agit /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi/	—	—	—
	future	—	—	s’en agira /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.ʁa/	—	—	—
	conditional	—	—	s’en agirait /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of s'en être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of s'en être + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of s'en être + past participle
	future perfect	future of s'en être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of s'en être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’en agisse /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒis/	—	—	—
	imperfect2	—	—	s’en agît /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of s'en être + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of s'en être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	—	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative of s'en être + past participle	—	simple imperative of s'en être + past participle	simple imperative of s'en être + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• actif
• action
• interagir
• réagir

Descendants

• → Catalan: agir
• → Franco-Provençal: ag·ir
• → Friulian: azî
• → Esperanto: agi
• → Italian: agire
• → Portuguese: agir
• → Romansch: agir
• → Sicilian: aggiri
• → Spanish: agir
• → Venetian: agir

References

• “agir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• gira, Riga

Galician

Verb

agir (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite agim or agi, past participle agido, reintegrationist norm)

1. reintegrationist spelling of axir

Conjugation

    Reintegrated conjugation of agir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	agir
Personal	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Gerund
	agindo
Past participle
Masculine	agido			agidos
Feminine	agida			agidas
Indicative
Present	ajo	ages	age	agimos	agides, agis	agem
Imperfect	agia	agias	agia	agíamos	agíades, agíeis, agíais1	agiam
Preterite	agim, agi	agiste, agiche1	agiu	agimos	agistes	agírom, agiram
Pluperfect	agira	agiras	agira	agíramos	agírades, agíreis, agírais1	agiram
Future	agirei	agirás	agirá	agiremos	agiredes, agireis	agirám, agirão
Conditional	agiria	agirias	agiria	agiríamos	agiríades, agiríeis, agiríais1	agiriam
Subjunctive
Present	aja	ajas	aja	ajamos	ajades, ajais	ajam
Imperfect	agisse	agisses	agisse	agíssemos	agíssedes, agísseis	agissem
Future	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Imperative
Affirmative		age	aja	ajamos	agide, agi	ajam
Negative (nom)		nom ajas	nom aja	nom ajamos	nom ajades, nom ajais	nom ajam

¹Less recommended.

References

• “agir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Ido

Verb

agir

1. past infinitive of agar

Northern Kurdish

Central Kurdish	ئاگر (agir)

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (ātar), Persian آتش (âtaš), Pashto ور (or). Doublet of ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːˈɡɪɾ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

agir m (Arabic spelling ئاگر)

1. fire

   Synonyms: alav, ar, pêt

Declension

Declension of agir

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	agir	agir
Construct	agirê	agirên
Oblique	agirî	agiran
Demonstrative oblique	wî agirî	wan agiran
Vocative	agiro	agirino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	agirek	agirin
Construct	agirekî	agirine
Oblique	agirekî	agirinan

Derived terms

• agir berdan
• agir ketin
• agirbazî
• agirkuj
• agirperest

 

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “agir”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 3

Occitan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin agere. Compare French agir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈ(d)ʒi/

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Verb

agir

1. to act
2. (reflexive, with de) to be about, to deal with

   s'agís d'una nòva lei ― it is a new law

Conjugation

    Conjugation of agir in Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		agir			?er agit
past participle		agit			—
gerund		agissent			?ent agit
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	agissi	agisses	agís	agissèm	agissètz	agisson
	imperfect	agissiái	agissiás	agissiá	agissiam	agissiatz	agissián
	preterite	agiguèri	agiguères	agiguèt	agiguèrem	agiguèretz	agiguèron
	future	agirai	agiràs	agirà	agirem	agiretz	agiràn
	conditional	agiriái	agiriás	agiriá	agiriam	agiriatz	agirián
	conditional 2nd form1	agiguèra	agiguèras	agiguèra	agigueram	agigueratz	agiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	agisca	agiscas	agisca	agiscam	agiscatz	agiscan
	imperfect	agiguèsse	agiguèsses	agiguèsse	agiguèssem	agiguèssetz	agiguèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			agís		agiscam	agissetz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms

• accion
• reagir

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from French agir, itself from Latin agere.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ʁ)/ [aˈʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ʁ)/ [aˈʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ʁ)/ [aˈʒi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈʒiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈʒiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈʒi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: a‧gir

• Audio (Portugal, Oporto):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Verb

agir (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite agi, past participle agido)

1. (intransitive) to do something; to act; to function; to perform

   Synonyms: andar, funcionar, trabalhar

2. (intransitive) to conduct oneself in a specific manner; to behave; to proceed

   Synonyms: atuar, comportar-se, obrar, proceder, trabalhar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of agir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	agir
Personal	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Gerund
	agindo
Past participle
Masculine	agido			agidos
Feminine	agida			agidas
Indicative
Present	ajo	ages	age	agimos	agis	agem
Imperfect	agia	agias	agia	agíamos	agíeis	agiam
Preterite	agi	agiste	agiu	agimos	agistes	agiram
Pluperfect	agira	agiras	agira	agíramos	agíreis	agiram
Future	agirei	agirás	agirá	agiremos	agireis	agirão
Conditional	agiria	agirias	agiria	agiríamos	agiríeis	agiriam
Subjunctive
Present	aja	ajas	aja	ajamos	ajais	ajam
Imperfect	agisse	agisses	agisse	agíssemos	agísseis	agissem
Future	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Imperative
Affirmative		age	aja	ajamos	agi	ajam
Negative (não)		não ajas	não aja	não ajamos	não ajais	não ajam

Derived terms

• reagir

Related terms

• ação
• coagir
• reação

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from French agir, itself borrowed from Latin agere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈxiɾ/ [aˈxiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: a‧gir

Verb

agir (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite agí, past participle agido)

1. (obsolete) to do something; to act

   Synonyms: hacer, actuar

2. (obsolete) to sue

   Synonym: demandar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of agir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			agir
gerund			agiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		agido		agida
		plural		agidos		agidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	ajo	agestú agísvos	age	agimos	agís	agen
	imperfect	agía	agías	agía	agíamos	agíais	agían
	preterite	agí	agiste	agió	agimos	agisteis	agieron
	future	agiré	agirás	agirá	agiremos	agiréis	agirán
	conditional	agiría	agirías	agiría	agiríamos	agiríais	agirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	aja	ajastú ajásvos2	aja	ajamos	ajáis	ajan
	imperfect (ra)	agiera	agieras	agiera	agiéramos	agierais	agieran
	imperfect (se)	agiese	agieses	agiese	agiésemos	agieseis	agiesen
	future1	agiere	agieres	agiere	agiéremos	agiereis	agieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		agetú agívos	aja	ajamos	agid	ajan
	negative		no ajas	no aja	no ajamos	no ajáis	no ajan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of agir (g-j alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive agir
	dative	agirme	agirte	agirle, agirse	agirnos	agiros	agirles, agirse
	accusative	agirme	agirte	agirlo, agirla, agirse	agirnos	agiros	agirlos, agirlas, agirse
with gerund agiendo
	dative	agiéndome	agiéndote	agiéndole, agiéndose	agiéndonos	agiéndoos	agiéndoles, agiéndose
	accusative	agiéndome	agiéndote	agiéndolo, agiéndola, agiéndose	agiéndonos	agiéndoos	agiéndolos, agiéndolas, agiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative age
	dative	ágeme	ágete	ágele	ágenos	not used	ágeles
	accusative	ágeme	ágete	ágelo, ágela	ágenos	not used	ágelos, ágelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative agí
	dative	agime	agite	agile	aginos	not used	agiles
	accusative	agime	agite	agilo, agila	aginos	not used	agilos, agilas
with formal second-person singular imperative aja
	dative	ájame	not used	ájale, ájase	ájanos	not used	ájales
	accusative	ájame	not used	ájalo, ájala, ájase	ájanos	not used	ájalos, ájalas
with first-person plural imperative ajamos
	dative	not used	ajámoste	ajámosle	ajámonos	ajámoos	ajámosles
	accusative	not used	ajámoste	ajámoslo, ajámosla	ajámonos	ajámoos	ajámoslos, ajámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative agid
	dative	agidme	not used	agidle	agidnos	agíos	agidles
	accusative	agidme	not used	agidlo, agidla	agidnos	agíos	agidlos, agidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ajan
	dative	ájanme	not used	ájanle	ájannos	not used	ájanles, ájanse
	accusative	ájanme	not used	ájanlo, ájanla	ájannos	not used	ájanlos, ájanlas, ájanse