ech
Bergish edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
ech
East Central German edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
ech
- (Oberländisch High Prussian) I (first person pronoun)
- E. Heinel, Erinnerungen. 2. Die Stadt Marienburg, in: 1849, Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter. Jahrgang 1849. Juli – December, Königsberg, p. 161ff., here p. 174 ([1]), an example inside of a Standard High German text:
- Eine Probe dieses Dialekts wird seine Anmuth klar machen. Ein Schulknabe erhob bei seinem Lehrer, welcher zugleich Kantor an der evangelischen Kirche war, folgende Anklage; „Herr Kunterche (Kantorchen) de Junges soge emmer, ech hob dem Matzing (Metzing) saine Kraih (Krähe) gestohle!“
- 1881, August Schemionek, Ausdrücke und Redensarten der Elbingschen Mundart mit einem Anhange von Anekdoten dem Volke nacherzählt. Gesammelt und erklärt, Verlag von Theodor Bertling, Danzig, p. 49 (inside the section Proben der Elbingischen Mundart), an example beginning with Standard High German:
- Arzt: Nun Frau Vogelreuter, Sie haben mich rufen lassen, was fehlt Ihnen denn?
„Na Herr Docter, oech wees je nich, esse ess oech, trinke trink oech, on schloafe schloaf oech och—man es romort mer so en de Kaldaunen.“—- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- E. Heinel, Erinnerungen. 2. Die Stadt Marienburg, in: 1849, Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter. Jahrgang 1849. Juli – December, Königsberg, p. 161ff., here p. 174 ([1]), an example inside of a Standard High German text:
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Esperanto edit
Adverb edit
ech
- H-system spelling of eĉ
Kalasha edit
Noun edit
ech
- Alternative spelling of eč
Luxembourgish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-Germanic *ik.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /eχ/, [əɕ]
- Homophones: iech, Iech (unstressed only)
Pronoun edit
ech
- first-person singular, nominative: I
- Ech liese gären. ― I like reading.
Declension edit
Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
- eche, ich, iche, uch, uche, ych
- elke, ilk, ylke (Northern)
- æch, ælc, ælch, elch, euch, ilch, illc, ulche (early)
Etymology edit
From Old English ǣlċ, a contraction of ǣġhwylċ (compare ewilch). For the loss of /l/, compare which, swich.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
ech
- every (all of a group)
- each (all of a group, seen individually)
- (Early Middle English) any; at all
- (rare) All kinds of.
Descendants edit
References edit
- “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Pronoun edit
ech
Descendants edit
References edit
- “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Primitive Irish *ᚓᚊᚐᚄ (*eqas), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognates include Latin equus, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva) and Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ech m (genitive eich, nominative plural eich)
Declension edit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ech | echL | eichL |
Vocative | eich | echL | eochuH |
Accusative | echN | echL | eochuH |
Genitive | eichL | ech | echN |
Dative | eochL | echaib | echaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Synonyms edit
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ech | unchanged | n-ech |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ech