e-
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɛ-/
Prefix edit
e-
- (non-productive) Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being lacking or removed.
- e.g. eluviation, edentulous, elenge
- Synonym: ex-
Further reading edit
- “e-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “e-”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
- In an electronic form, especially computerized and digital; often in association with the Internet.
Usage notes edit
This practice began with E-mail in June 1979. The first usage of E-mail, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, occurred in the journal Electronics with reference to an initiative of the United States Postal Service (USPS) called Electronic Computer Originated Mail, which USPS abbreviated E-COM.
Many terms beginning with e- can be seen in both hyphenated (e.g. e-card) and unhyphenated (e.g., ecard) form, and sometimes – particularly in a business context – the letter following the e- will be capitalized (e.g., eBusiness or e-Business). In the present day, e- is generally used to indicate association with or transmission over the Internet. In proper names beginning with e-, the convention is generally to leave the e- lower-case, and to capitalize the second letter of the name (e.g., eBay). The e remains then lower-case when the name is used at the beginning of a sentence.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Abbreviation of electric or electrical.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
- (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.
- (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.
- Electric
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Abbreviation of embedded.
Prefix edit
e-
- (electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ “e-, prefix2”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, January 2018; “e-”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Cayuga edit
Prefix edit
e-
- third person feminine agent pronominal prefix; she
References edit
- Marianne Mithun; Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 66
Chuukese edit
Prefix edit
e-
- Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
- one
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
- e- (electronic)
Usage notes edit
The hyphen is kept (not dropped) when this prefix is used.
Derived terms edit
Latin edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ē-
- Alternative form of ex- (combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words).
Derived terms edit
Mokilese edit
Prefix edit
e-
- number prefix for one
Usage notes edit
e- is a numerical prefix, attached to classifiers and other numbers to create various numeral forms and numbers.
Derived terms edit
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 4 relative concord.
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 9 relative concord.
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 9 adjective concord.
Old Irish edit
Prefix edit
- Alternative form of a- (“him, it”)
See also edit
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
3 sing. m. | a-N, e-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
3 sing. n. | a-L, e-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. |
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- e- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese edit
Prefix edit
e-
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 4 relative concord.
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 9 relative concord.
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 9 adjective concord.
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse æ, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), Proto-Germanic *aiwaz.
Prefix edit
e-
- prefix that may be used on certain pronouns and adverbs to create "-ever" constructions, most of which are formal or archaic.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From English e-, shortening of electronic.
Prefix edit
e-
- electronic; including the hyphen
Derived terms edit
Tocharian A edit
Etymology edit
Compare Tocharian B ai-.
Verb edit
e-
- to give
Tooro edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.
Prefix edit
e-
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.
Prefix edit
e-
See also edit
References edit
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From English e-, an abbreviation of electronic.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
e- | unchanged | unchanged | he- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “e-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Xhosa edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 4 relative concord.
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
- Class 9 relative concord.
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
Usage notes edit
This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 11 noun in u-, it changes to elu-. Also when affixed to a class 10 noun in iin-, iim-, ii-, it also changes to ezin-, ezim-, ezi-.
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Perhaps originally related to or a variant form of öt-, which has an allmorphic form e- in some related languages. However, note that intransitive verbs formed with öt- have agent-like arguments, whereas those formed with e- have patient-like arguments.
Prefix edit
e-
- Converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with a patient-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning.
Usage notes edit
Only used with transitive verbs whose root begins with a consonant. A transitive verb that can be converted in such a way will generally have an epenthetic i- preceding its root in most conjugated forms, as well as palatalization of its initial consonant.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Prefix edit
e-
- Attaches to possessed nouns beginning with ö when the possessor is first- or second-person or is indicated by a full noun preceding the possessed noun
Usage notes edit
This prefix takes the place of the ö that introduces the possessed noun. Its status as a prefix is debatable; it may rather be analyzed as an ablaut phenomenon.
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[2], Lyon, page 70–72, 111, 132–133
Zou edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
e-
- Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 4”).
Prefix edit
ḗ-
- Class 4 relative concord.
Etymology 2 edit
From a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 9”).
Prefix edit
ḗ-
- Class 9 relative concord.
Etymology 3 edit
Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundi i.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
e-
Usage notes edit
This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 5 noun beginning in ī-, it is lengthened to ē-, and when affixed to a class 11 noun in ū-, it is lengthened and also changes to ō-. It takes on the tone of whichever prefix it replaces.
References edit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “e-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “e-”