fio

See also: fío and fi'o

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.o/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.u/

Verb

fio

1. first-person singular present indicative form of fiar

Esperanto

Greek Alphabet

Φφ	Previous:	upsilono
	Next:	ĥio

Etymology

From Ancient Greek φῖ (phî, “the letter Φ”).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [ˈfio]
• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: fi‧o

Noun

fio (accusative singular fion, plural fioj, accusative plural fiojn)

1. phi

Italian

Etymology

From Old French fieu (“fief”), from Frankish *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“livestock”).

Noun

fio m (plural fii)

1. retribution
2. penalty

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fuiō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Compare with fuī, originally the perfect of this verb but now attached to sum (“I am”); and constructions with -bō, -bam (e.g. amābō, placēbō, nocēbō, monēbam, audiēbam).

The past participle is that of the unrelated verb faciō (“I make, do”). In Latin faciō and fīō were treated as the active and passive equivalents of each other, an example of suppletion.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfiː.oː/, [ˈfiːoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.o/, [ˈfiːo]

Note: the i in fi- is pronounced long, except when it is followed by er or en.

Verb

fīō (present infinitive fierī, perfect active factus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent

1. passive of faciō
2. (copulative) to become, be made

   Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīātis ― We are begging you to become very keen students

3. to happen, take place, result, arise

   Synonyms: interveniō, ēveniō, obveniō, expetō, obtingō, incurrō, accēdō, incidō, accidō, intercidō, contingō

   ut fit ― as happens usually/as is customary

   fit ut ― it happens that

   • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 13:

     silentium et repentina fit quies

     A stillness and a sudden hush took place

4. to appear
   • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 10:

     fit obvius cum exercitu Romulus

     Romulus appeared with his army

Usage notes

This verb ousted facior, facī in the sense of “to be made”; see also at its active counterpart faciō.

Conjugation

While it does have a fourth conjugation pattern when conjugated, this verb has an irregular infinitive (fierī), and is therefore third conjugation.

Conjugation of fīō (third conjugation iō-variant, irregular long ī, suppletive in the supine stem, semi-deponent)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	fīō	fīs	fit	fīmus	fītis	fīunt
	imperfect	fīēbam	fīēbās	fīēbat	fīēbāmus	fīēbātis	fīēbant
	future	fīam	fīēs	fīet	fīēmus	fīētis	fīent
	perfect	factus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	factus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	factus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	fīam	fīās	fīat	fīāmus	fīātis	fīant
	imperfect	fierem	fierēs	fieret	fierēmus	fierētis	fierent
	perfect	factus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	factus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	fī	—	—	fīte	—
	future	—	fītō	fītō	—	fītōte	fīuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		fierī	factum esse	factum īrī	—	—	—
participles		—	factus	—	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		fiendī	fiendō	fiendum	fiendō	factum	factū

Verb

fīō

1. first-person singular present passive indicative of faciō

Related terms

• faciō
• fīat lūx
• fīat jūstitia ruat cælum^(wp)

Descendants

• Italian: fire (archaic, northern)
• Balkan Romance: (suppletive with descendants of Latin esse)
  • Aromanian: hiu
  • Istro-Romanian: fi
  • Megleno-Romanian: ire
  • Romanian: fi
• → English: fiat

References

• “fio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    
  • the world of sense, the visible world: res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36)
    
  • what is the use of: quid attinet? with Infin.
    
  • those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
    
  • to give lectures: scholas habere, explicare (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • subtleties of logic; dilemmas: disserendi spinae (Fin. 4. 28. 79)
    
  • premises; consequences: prima (superiora); consequentia (Fin. 4. 19. 54)
    
  • to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • to get a question submitted to one: quaestionem poscere (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • native tongue; vernacular: sermo patrius (Fin. 1. 2. 4)
    
  • to dedicate a book to some one: librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8)
    
  • kindheartedness: bonitas (Fin. 5. 29. 65)
    
  • to be blinded by passions: cupiditatibus occaecari (Fin. 1. 10. 33)
    
  • meagre diet: victus tenuis (Fin. 2. 28. 90)
    
  • the main dish: caput cenae (Fin. 2. 8. 25)
    
  • to live in solitude: in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65)
    
  • an anecdote: narratiuncula, fabella (Fin. 5. 15)
    
  • to prescribe in one's will: testamento aliquid cavere (Fin. 2. 31)
    
  • banished from public life: gerendis negotiis orbatus (Fin. 5. 20. 57)
    
  • the senate decrees to Africanus the honours of a triumph: triumphum senatus Africano decernit (Fin. 4. 9. 22)
    
  • (ambiguous) to meet some one by chance: obvium or obviam esse, obviam fieri
    
  • (ambiguous) what will become of him: quid illo fiet?
    
  • (ambiguous) to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
    
  • (ambiguous) to be the talk of the town, a scandal: fabulam fieri
    
  • (ambiguous) to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere
    
  • (ambiguous) what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish: voti damnari, compotem fieri
    
  • (ambiguous) what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit?
    
  • (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit
    
  • (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut solet, ut fieri solet
    
  • (ambiguous) the price of corn is going down: annona laxatur, levatur, vilior fit
    
  • (ambiguous) what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet?
    
  • (ambiguous) a resolution of the senate (not opposed by a tribunicial veto) was made: senatus consultum fit (Att. 2. 24. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) some one is accused: aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54)
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 146
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Galicia) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.o/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.ʊ/
• Rhymes: -io

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin fīlum. Cognate with Old Spanish filo and Old French fil.

Noun

fio m (plural fios)

1. thread, string

Derived terms

• a fio

Related terms

• fiar

Descendants

• Galician: fío
• Portuguese: fio

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

fio

1. first-person singular present indicative of fiar

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "fio"

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.u/, /ˈfiw/ [ˈfiʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.u/

• (Lisbon) IPA^(key): /ˈfiw/
• Rhymes: -iu
• Hyphenation: fi‧o

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fio, from Latin fīlum. Compare Galician fío and Spanish filo, hilo.

Noun

fio m (plural fios)

1. (textiles) thread
2. string
3. trickle (a very thin flow)

   fio de água ― water trickle

   fio de azeite ― olive oil drizzle

4. edge (thin cutting side of a blade)

   Synonym: gume

   fio da navalha ― razor's edge

5. (jewelry) chain
6. (electronics) wire

Derived terms

• afiar
• fio condutor
• fio da navalha
• fio dental
• fiozinho

 

Related terms

• afilar
• fila
• filé
• fileira
• filele
• filete

 

Etymology 2

Semantic loan from English thread.

Noun

fio m (plural fios)

1. (Brazil, Internet slang) thread (series of messages, generally grouped by subject)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

fio

1. first-person singular present indicative of fiar

Etymology 4

Noun

fio m (plural fios, feminine fia, feminine plural fias or fia)

1. Eye dialect spelling of filho, representing Caipira Portuguese.
   • É, professora, meu fio não aguentou as gozações da mininada. Eu tentei fazê ele continuá, mas não teve jeito. Ele tava chateado demais.

     Welp, teacher, ma son couldn't handle the children's pranks. I tried ta make 'im stay there, but there was no talkin' him out of it. He was just too upset.

2. Eye dialect spelling of filhos, representing Caipira Portuguese.
   • (Can we date this quote?), Wulcino Teixeira de Carvalho, Bravuras E Bravatas De Um Caipira:

     Ele jurô pur Deus, pela sarvação da árma da mãe dele... [...] qui os fio dele pudia nascer tudo morto, se aquilo num fosse vredade... só aí qui uns gato-pingado resorvêro acriditar.

     He swore ta God, to the salvation o' the soul of his Ma... ... 'n that may his children all arrive stillborn if it wern't troo... only den did some very few people dicide to believe 'im.

Romansch

Etymology

From Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).

Noun

fio m (plural fios)

1. (anatomy, Puter) liver

Synonyms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader) gnirom
• (Surmiran) nirom
• (Puter) gniram
• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) dir
• (Surmiran) deir

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfjo/ [ˈfjo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: fio

Verb

fio

1. third-person singular preterite indicative of fiar