iad

See also: IAD and -iad

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.

Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iəd̪ˠ/

Pronoun

iad (emphatic form iadsan, disjunctive)

1. they, them

See also

Irish personal pronouns

Number	Person (and gender)	Conjunctive (emphatic)	Disjunctive (emphatic)	Possessive determiner
Singular	First	mé (mise)		mo L m' before vowel sounds
	Second	tú (tusa)1	thú (thusa)	do L d' before vowel sounds
	Third masculine	sé (seisean)	é (eisean)	a L
	Third feminine	sí (sise)	í (ise)	a H
Plural	First	muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne)		ár E
	Second	sibh (sibhse)1		bhur E
	Third	siad (siadsan)	iad (iadsan)	a E

^L Triggers lenition ^E Triggers eclipsis ^H Triggers h-prothesis

¹ Also used as the vocative

The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
iad	n-iad	hiad	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• "iad" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “íat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “iad” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “iad” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Romanian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ). Compare Bulgarian ад (ad).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ad

• audio

  (file)

Noun

iad n (plural iaduri)

1. hell

Declension

Declension of iad

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) iad	iadul	(niște) iaduri	iadurile
genitive/dative	(unui) iad	iadului	(unor) iaduri	iadurilor
vocative	iadule		iadurilor

Synonyms

• infern, gheenă

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (stressed) /ˈiə̯t̪/, (unstressed) /ət̪/

Pronoun

iad

1. they, them

   Bha iad a' teagasg Seamus. ― They were teaching James.

Derived terms

• iad seo
• iad sin

 

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns

	simple		emphatic
	singular	plural	singular	plural
First person	mi	sinn	mise	sinne
Second person	thu, tu1)	sibh	thusa, tusa1)	sibhse
Third person m	e	iad	esan	iadsan
Third person f	i		ise
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.

References

• MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “iad”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN

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Welsh

Noun

iad f (plural iadau)

1. Crown of the head, pate; top, summit.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
iad	unchanged	unchanged	hiad
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.