iad

See also: IAD and -iad

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.

Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iəd̪ˠ/

Pronoun

iad (emphatic form iadsan, disjunctive)

1. they, them

See also

Irish personal pronouns

Number	Person (and gender)	Conjunctive (emphatic)	Disjunctive (emphatic)	Possessive determiner
Singular	First	mé (mise)		mo L m' before vowel sounds
	Second	tú (tusa)1	thú (thusa)	do L d' before vowel sounds
	Third masculine	sé (seisean)	é (eisean)	a L
	Third feminine	sí (sise)	í (ise)	a H
	Third neuter	—	ea	—
Plural	First	muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne)		ár E
	Second	sibh (sibhse)1		bhur E
	Third	siad (siadsan)	iad (iadsan)	a E

^L Triggers lenition ^E Triggers eclipsis ^H Triggers h-prothesis

¹ Also used as the vocative

The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
iad	n-iad	hiad	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “iad”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “íat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “iad”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “iad”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs). Compare Bulgarian ад (ad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjad/
• Rhymes: -ad
• Hyphenation: iad

• Audio:

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Noun

iad n (plural iaduri)

1. hell

   Synonyms: infern, gheenă

Declension

Declension of iad

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) iad	iadul	(niște) iaduri	iadurile
genitive/dative	(unui) iad	iadului	(unor) iaduri	iadurilor
vocative	iadule		iadurilor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.

Pronunciation

• (Lewis) IPA^(key): /ˈi.at̪/, /ˈe.at̪/, (unstressed) /at̪/
• (Uist) IPA^(key): /aːt̪/, (unstressed) /at̪/
• (Barra) IPA^(key): [æːt̪], (unstressed) [at̪]
• (Northern and Eastern Highlands) IPA^(key): /atʲ/ (as if spelled aid)

Pronoun

iad (emphatic iadsan)

1. third-person plural pronoun; they, them

   Bha iad a' teagasg Seamus. ― They were teaching James.

Derived terms

• iad seo
• iad sin

 

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns

	simple		emphatic
	singular	plural	singular	plural
First person	mi	sinn	mise	sinne
Second person	thu, tu1)	sibh	thusa, tusa1)	sibhse
Third person m	e	iad	esan	iadsan
Third person f	i		ise
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.

Further reading

• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “iad”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN

Welsh

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -aːd

Noun

iad f (plural iadau)

1. Crown of the head, pate; top, summit.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
iad	unchanged	unchanged	hiad
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.