d'
See also: ď and Appendix:Variations of "d"
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Contraction of the article da ("the").
ArticleEdit
d'
- Pronunciation spelling of the, representing dialectal English.
- Synonym: da
Etymology 2Edit
Reduction.
VerbEdit
d'
- Contraction of do. (only before "you" or "ye")
- D'you wanna go?
- Contraction of did. (only before "you" or "ye")
- D'you eat yet?
See alsoEdit
- maitre d' (different etymology)
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
BavarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unstressed form of de.
ArticleEdit
d' f or pl
See alsoEdit
Bavarian articles
m | n | f | pl | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
1) higher, formal register
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contraction of the article de (“the”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
- (before a vowel or a mute h) Apocopic form of de: of
- un verre d'eau
- a glass of water
- (informal, after a vowel sound) Apocopic form of de: of
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “Mon chum Rémi”, in Break Syndical, the s in pas is silent:
- Hé Rémi / fais pas d'conneries / J't'aime ben la face / pis tu m'dois encore cinquante piasses
- Hey Rémi / stop with the nonsense / I really like your face / and you still owe me fifty dollars
Further readingEdit
- “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): [d̪ˠ] (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu)
- IPA(key): [dʲ] (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi)
- (Ulster, colloquial) IPA(key): (prepositions only) /ə j-/[1]
Etymology 1Edit
Prevocalic apocope of do (all senses).
ParticleEdit
d’
- (before vowel sounds and fhr-) Apocopic form of do: Marker of the past tense.
- d’ól sé ― he drank
- d’fhág sé ― he waited
- d’fhreagair sé ― he answered
- Used before vowel sounds (including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel) and also before fr- lenited to fhr-. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.
PrepositionEdit
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of do: to, for
- d’athair Sheáin
- to Seán’s father, for Seán’s father
DeterminerEdit
d’
Alternative formsEdit
- t’ (Cois Fharraige)
- th’ (Munster)
See alsoEdit
Irish personal pronouns
Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Etymology 2Edit
Prevocalic apocopic form of de.
PrepositionEdit
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of de: from, of
- d’athair Sheáin
- from Seán’s father, of Seán’s father
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 73
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d' (apocopated)
- (sometimes before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of di: of
- Follia d'amore ― Madness of love.
- Un bicchiere d'acqua. ― A glass of water.
Usage notesEdit
In some rare cases d' represents the preposition da:
- d'ora in poi (“from now on”)
- d'ora in avanti (“from now on”)
LuxembourgishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /d/ (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- IPA(key): /t/ (before voiceless consonants)
- IPA(key): /-/ (sometimes; see usage notes below)
DeterminerEdit
d' f or n
Usage notesEdit
- This article form is commonly not pronounced between /t/ and another consonant, and occasionally otherwise when the combination of preceding and following consonants creates an impossible cluster. Only rarely is this muteness avoided by using the full form of the article. Rather, the lack of an indefinite article becomes a definite article by default. Occasional ambiguities, particularly in the plural, are tolerated.
DeclensionEdit
Luxembourgish definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
dat. | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
gen. | der |
Middle FrenchEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
Usage notesEdit
- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- despaigne ― of Spain
NormanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French de, from Latin dē.
PrepositionEdit
d'
OccitanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
PrepositionEdit
d'
- Alternative form of de (before a vowel)
Old FrenchEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
Usage notesEdit
Old OccitanEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d’
- (used before words beginning in a vowel, archaic except in fixed expressions) Alternative form of de
Derived termsEdit
RomagnolEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PrepositionEdit
d'
SassareseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
d' (apocopate)
Scottish GaelicEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /t/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /tʲ/ (before a front vowel sound)
DeterminerEdit
d'
- Apocopic form of do
- A bheil fios aig d'athair? ― Does your father know?
- 'Seo d'fhaclair. ― Here’s your dictionary.
See alsoEdit
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
ReferencesEdit
- “d'” in R. A. Armstrong, A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts, London, 1825, →OCLC.