iar
Catalan edit
Noun edit
iar m (plural iars)
Cimbrian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with German ihr, English ye.
Pronoun edit
iar (Luserna)
- you (plural)
- you (polite, singular)
Inflection edit
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- “iar” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ira, iro, iru, from Proto-Germanic *ezōi, dative singular feminine form of *iz. Cognate with German ihr, Gothic 𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 (izai).
Pronoun edit
iar
- (Sette Comuni) dative of zi: her, to her
See also edit
Cimbrian personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
References edit
- “iar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Egyptian edit
Romanization edit
iar
Old Irish edit
Preposition edit
iar
- Alternative spelling of íar
Romanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Unknown. Perhaps from a Vulgar Latin *era. Compare Engadine Romansch eir, Provençal er, era, Old Galician-Portuguese ar (“also, again”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
iar
- again
- 1874, Ion Creangă, Prostia omenească:
- Și mergând el bezmetic, fără să știe unde se duce, după o bucată de vreme, oprindu-se într-un loc, i se întâmplă iar să vadă ceva ce nu mai văzuse: un om ținea puțin un oboroc deșert cu gura spre soare, apoi răpede-l înșfăca și intra cu dânsul într-un bordeiu; pe urmă iar ieșea, îl punea iar cu gura la soare, și tot așa făcea…
- And, while walking aimlessly, without knowing where he was going, after a while, halting at a place, he again witnessed something he’d never seen before: a man would hold an empty bucket with the mouth towards the sun for a little while, then he’d quickly grab it and go with it into a dugout; then he’d exit again, hold it with its mouth towards the sun again, and he’d repeat this…
- 1890, Ion Luca Caragiale, Năpasta, Act 1, scene 1:
- Nu-ncepi iar să bocești pe răposatul? Că iar am vorbit de el…
- Aren’t you again bewailing the departed? Since we've just talked about him again…
- (rare) also
- 1877, Ion Creangă, The Old Man’s Daughter and the Old Woman’s Daughter:
- Erau odată un moșneag și-o babă; și moșneagul avea o fată, și baba iar o fată.
- Once upon a time there were an old man and an old woman; and the old man had a daughter, and the old woman also had a daughter.
Derived terms edit
Conjunction edit
iar
- and
- Synonym: și (though see usage notes)
- 1883, Luceafărul, Mihai Eminescu, lines 129-132:
- –Din sfera mea venii cu greu
Ca să te-ascult ș-acuma,
Și soarele e tatăl meu,
Iar noaptea-mi este muma.- “I have with difficulty come from my sphere
To listen to you this time as well,
And the sun is my father,
And the moon is my mother.”
- “I have with difficulty come from my sphere
- (archaic) but
- 16th c., Psalter of Șchei[1], Tome I, Bucharest: Ioan Bianu, published 1889, page 416:
- а҄пропїа҄ръс̅є̅гонито́рїимйфърълѣ́џє, є҄рє̅дєлѣ́џѣта̅дєлоу́нгарѣсє.
- Apropiară-se gonitorii-mi fărălége, ere de légé ta delungară-se.
- Those who devise wicked schemes are near, but they are far from your law. (Psalm 119:150)
- (literally, “My lawless persecutors have come near, but from thy law they’ve gone away.”)
Usage notes edit
- In the meaning of “and”, iar only connects sentences, while și can connect any parts of speech. Iar may never directly precede a verb.
- Și can always replace iar—sometimes successfully, sometimes to a much more unpolished effect. Generally, iar is more appropriate in elevated language.
- Iar may often, but not necessarily, have the oppositional connotation of English while.
References edit
- iar in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish íar (“post, after”).
Noun edit
iar f
Derived terms edit
See also edit
(compass points)
iar-thuath | tuath | ear-thuath |
iar | ear | |
iar-dheas | deas | ear-dheas |