leiden
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editleiden
- (transitive) to lead, to take the lead
- (transitive) to guide
- (intransitive) to lead, to go, to follow a path to
- Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.
- All roads lead to Rome.
Inflection
editConjugation of leiden (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | leiden | |||
past singular | leidde | |||
past participle | geleid | |||
infinitive | leiden | |||
gerund | leiden n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | leid | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | leidt, leid2 | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | leidt | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | leidt | leidde | ||
3rd person singular | leidt | leidde | ||
plural | leiden | leidden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | leide | leidde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | leiden | leidden | ||
imperative sing. | leid | |||
imperative plur.1 | leidt | |||
participles | leidend | geleid | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
edit- aaneenleiden
- aanleiden
- achterafleiden
- afleiden
- beleiden
- bijeenleiden
- binnenleiden
- bovenleiden
- buitenleiden
- de dans leiden
- dichtleiden
- doorleiden
- geleiden
- heenleiden
- herleiden
- inleiden
- medeleiden
- meeleiden
- misleiden
- naleiden
- nederleiden
- neerleiden
- om de tuin leiden
- omhoogleiden
- omlaagleiden
- omleiden
- onderleiden
- ontleiden
- opleiden
- opzijleiden
- overleiden
- platleiden
- rondleiden
- tegenleiden
- terechtleiden
- terugleiden
- toeleiden
- uiteenleiden
- uitleiden
- vastleiden
- verderleiden
- verleiden
- voorbijleiden
- voorleiden
- vooropleiden
- vooroverleiden
- voortleiden
- vooruitleiden
- wederleiden
- wederomleiden
- weerleiden
- wegleiden
Descendants
editAnagrams
editFinnish
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editleiden
Etymology 2
editNoun
editleiden
Anagrams
editGerman
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. Cognate with Dutch lijden, English lithe. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of Middle High German leiden (“to be sorry, suffer, be hated”), from Old High German leidēn, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþijan, and also the originally unrelated noun Leid (“sorrow”), which is cognate with English loath.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editleiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present leidet, past tense litt, past participle gelitten, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to suffer, to experience pain, sorrow, etc.
- Lerne leiden ohne zu klagen.
- Learn to suffer without complaining.
- (transitive) to suffer, bear, endure, undergo, experience (some hardship)
- Er litt höllische Qualen.
- He suffered hellish torment.
- (intransitive) to suffer [with an (+ dative) ‘from a disease or condition’]
- Die Gefangenen leiden an Unterernährung.
- The prisoners suffer from malnutrition.
- 2012 April 20, Die Welt[1], archived from the original on 12 April 2013, page 22:
- Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung leiden.
- By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
- (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to like, tolerate
- Ich kann ihn einfach nicht leiden!
- I just can't stand him!
Conjugation
editinfinitive | leiden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | leidend | ||||
past participle | gelitten | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich leide | wir leiden | i | ich leide | wir leiden |
du leidest | ihr leidet | du leidest | ihr leidet | ||
er leidet | sie leiden | er leide | sie leiden | ||
preterite | ich litt | wir litten | ii | ich litte1 | wir litten1 |
du littest du littst |
ihr littet | du littest1 | ihr littet1 | ||
er litt | sie litten | er litte1 | sie litten1 | ||
imperative | leid (du) leide (du) |
leidet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- → Kashubian: lëdac
Further reading
editLuxembourgish
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną.
Cognate with German leiden, Dutch lijden, English lithe, Icelandic líða. Related to leeden.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editleiden (third-person singular present leit, past participle gelidden, auxiliary verb hunn)
- (intransitive) to suffer, to feel pain
- (transitive) to bear, to suffer, to endure
Conjugation
editRegular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | leiden | |
participle | gelidden | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | leiden | — |
2nd singular | leits | leit |
3rd singular | leit | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit | leit |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editMiddle Dutch
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb
editleiden
Inflection
editWeak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | leiden | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | leiden | |
In genitive | leidens | |
In dative | leidene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | leide | — |
2nd singular | leits, leides | — |
3rd singular | leit, leidet | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit, leidet | — |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | leide | — |
2nd singular | leits, leides | — |
3rd singular | leide | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit, leidet | — |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | leit, leide | |
Plural | leit, leidet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | leidende | — |
Alternative forms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editFrom Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (“water”).[1] Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.
Noun
editleiden ?
- Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)
Inflection
editThis noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
edit- Dutch: Leiden
References
edit- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Further reading
edit- “leiden (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “leiden (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “leiden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Old Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb
editleiden
Inflection
editinfinitive | leiden | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | leido, leidon | leidida |
2nd person singular | leidis, leidist | leididos |
3rd person singular | leidit | leidida |
1st person plural | leiden | leididun |
2nd person plural | leidit | leididut |
3rd person plural | leident | leididun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | leide | leididi |
2nd person singular | leides, leidest | leididis |
3rd person singular | leide | leididi |
1st person plural | leiden | leididin |
2nd person plural | leidet | leididit |
3rd person plural | leiden | leididin |
imperative | present | |
singular | leidi | |
plural | leidit | |
participle | present | past |
leidendi | leidit, gileidit |
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “lēden”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
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- dum:Cities in the Netherlands
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