Wiktionary

契

契 U+5951, 契
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5951
← 奐
[U+5950] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 奒 →
[U+5952]

契 U+F909, 契
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F909
← 龜
[U+F908] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 金 →
[U+F90A]

Translingual

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Han character

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契 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition ⿱㓞大(GHTKV) or ⿱𭃌大(J))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5917
  • Dae Jaweon: page 513, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 536, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5951

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (丯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
夆 *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds
丯 *kreːds
瘛 *kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed
觢 *ɡjeds
契 *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd
栔 *kʰeːds
禊 *ɡeːds
稧 *ɡeːds
楔 *kreːd, *sqʰeːd
葜 *kʰreːd
猰 *qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd
窫 *qreːd
揳 *sqʰeːd
偰 *sqʰeːd
潔 *keːd
絜 *keːd, *ɡeːd
鍥 *keːd, *kʰeːd
挈 *kʰeːd
蛪 *kʰeːd
齧 *ŋeːd
褉 *qʰeːd
喫 *ŋ̊ʰeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 㓞 (, “to engrave”) + semantic 大 (“person”).

Etymology 1

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trad. 契
simp. # 契
alternative forms 栔

Exopassive of 鍥 (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • khòe - vernacular;
    • khè - literary.
Rime
Character 契
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦計切
Baxter khejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰeiH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 契 契
Reading # 1/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qì qiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khejH › ‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʰ]ˁet-s/ /*kʰˁet/
English script notches cut

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契
Reading # 1/4
No. 6493
Phonetic
component 		丯
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		契
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰeːds/

Definitions

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契

  1. contract; deed
  2. to agree; to conform with; to tally with
  3. (literary) to carve; to engrave
  4. (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
  5. (Cantonese, Southern Min) adopted; adoptive; foster; sworn; nominal
    契細佬／契细佬 [Cantonese]  ―  kai3 sai3 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  blood brother; sworn younger brother
  6. (Cantonese) to form a nominal kinship with; to adopt

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 契
simp. # 契

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 契
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 迄 (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去迄切
Baxter khj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiət̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契
Reading # 4/4
No. 6519
Phonetic
component 		丯
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯd/

Definitions

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契

  1. Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).

Etymology 3

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trad. 契
simp. # 契
alternative forms 偰

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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契

  1. Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)

Etymology 4

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trad. 契
simp. # 契

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 契
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 屑 (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦結切
Baxter khet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰet̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰiet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 契
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁet/
English 契闊 hard-working (Ode 31.4)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契 契
Reading # 2/4 3/4
No. 6511 6514
Phonetic
component 		丯 丯
Rime
group 		月 月
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		猰 猰
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰeːd/ /*kʰeːd/

Definitions

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契

  1. † Used in 契闊／契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
  2. † Alternative form of 挈 (“to take; to carry”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 契
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
契
&#xF909;
or
契+&#xFE00;? 		 
契󠄁
契+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄅
契+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
契󠄂
契+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
契󠄄
契+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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契

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. pledge (allegiance)
  2. commit oneself
  3. promise (loyalty)

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH); compare Mandarin 契 (qì):

  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet); compare Mandarin 契 (qiè):

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set); compare Mandarin 契 (xiè):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Compounds

Proper noun

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契(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. ^ “契”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)/게(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

契 (eumhun 맺을 계 (maejeul gye))

  1. hanja form? of 계 (“contract, bond; deed; engrave”)
  2. hanja form? of 계 (“a Korean rotating savings and credit association”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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契 (eumhun 애쓸 결 (aesseul gyeol))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of 결 (“to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khj+t).

Historical readings

Hanja

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契 (eumhun 부족 이름 글 (bujok ireum geul))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of 글 (“a tribe name”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 4

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set).

Historical readings

Hanja

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契 (eumhun 사람 이름 설 (saram ireum seol))

  1. hanja form? of 설 (“used in personal names”)
  2. (historical) hanja form? of 설 (“Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23. [5]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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契: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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