Wiktionary

柿

See also: 杮 and 枾
柿 U+67FF, 柿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67FF
← 柾
[U+67FE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 栀 →
[U+6800]

Translingual

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Han character

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柿 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木卜中月 (DYLB), four-corner 45927, composition ⿰木市)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14681
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67FF

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 柿
alternative forms 柹
枾
𣐈
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (秭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
姊 *ʔsiʔ
秭 *ʔsiʔ
趀 *sʰi
笫 *ʔsriʔ, *ʔsrɯʔ
胏 *ʔsrɯʔ
柹 *zrɯʔ
柿 *zrɯʔ

Originally written as 柹: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 𠂔 ().

The current form is phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 市 (OC *djɯʔ).

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • khī/khǐ - vernacular;
  • sī/sǐ - literary.
Note:
  • shr5 - vernacular;
  • shr4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 柿
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 鉏里切
    Baxter dzriX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʒɨX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʒieX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ʒiəX/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ʒĭəX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zi6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 柿
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzrijX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[dz]rijʔ/ (? or *S.ɢrijʔ)
    English persimmon

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 柿
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17877
    Phonetic
    component         		秭
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		士
    Old
    Chinese         		/*zrɯʔ/
    Notes 見禮記，柹字注俗作柿（手冊直代柹列）

    Definitions

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    柿

    1. persimmon (Classifier: 個／个 c)

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of 柿子 (“persimmon”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 柿
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 柿子
    Taxonomic name 柿
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 柿子
    Harbin 柿子
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 柿子
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 柿子
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 柿子
    Wanrong 柿子
    Zhengzhou 柿子
    Xi'an 柿子, 柿柿 suburbs
    Xining 柿子
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 柿子
    Lanzhou 柿子
    Ürümqi 柿子
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 柿子
    Wuhan 柿子
    Guiyang 柿花
    Guilin 柿子
    Liuzhou 柿子
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 柿子
    Yangzhou 柿子
    Huanggang 柿子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 柿
    Hong Kong 腍柿, 柿
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 腍柿
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 柿
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 腍柿
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 柿仔
    Macau 柿
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 柿
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 柿仔
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 柿仔
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 柿
    Foshan 柿
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 柿
    Foshan (Shunde) 柿
    Foshan (Sanshui) 柿仔
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 柿
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 柿
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 柿
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 柿
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 柿
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 柿
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 柿
    Taishan 柿卒
    Kaiping (Chikan) 柿卒
    Enping (Niujiang) 柿卒
    Heshan (Yayao) 柿卒
    Dongguan 腍柿
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 腍柿
    Qingyuan 柿仔
    Fogang 柿仔
    Yingde (Hanguang) 柿仔
    Yangshan 柿果
    Lianshan (Butian) 椑柿子
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 柿子
    Shaoguan 柿仔, 柿
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 柿
    Renhua 柿仔, 椑仔
    Lechang 凍椑, 柿仔, 柿
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 柿
    Sihui 柿仔
    Guangning 柿仔
    Deqing 柿子
    Huaiji 柿
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 柿
    Yunfu 柿仔
    Xinxing 柿果
    Luoding 柿仔
    Yunan (Pingtai) 柿子
    Xinyi 方柿
    Lianjiang 柿子
    Nanning 柿子
    Wuzhou 柿
    Yulin 柿餅
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 柿子
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 柿
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 柿
    Gan Nanchang 柿子
    Lichuan 椑仔, 柿仔, 吊子
    Pingxiang 柿子
    Hakka Meixian 柿仔
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 柿
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 腍柿
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 腍柿
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 柿
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 柿
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 柿哩
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 柿哩
    Wuhua (Changbu) 柿哩
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 柿哩
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 柿
    Liannan 柿子
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 椑仔
    Jiexi 柿
    Changting 柿哩
    Ninghua 柿子
    Yudu 柿子
    Shicheng 柿
    Shangyou (Shexi) 柿子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 柿仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 柿仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 柿仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 柿
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 柿仔
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 柿子, 柿
    Hong Kong 腍柿
    Luchuan 方柿
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 方柿
    Sabah (Longchuan) 腍柿
    Senai (Huiyang) 柿
    Huizhou Jixi 柿坨
    Jin Taiyuan 柿子
    Pingyao 柿子
    Xinzhou 柿子
    Hohhot 柿子
    Northern Min Jian'ou 柿
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 柿
    Fuqing 柿
    Southern Min Xiamen 柿仔, 柿, 紅柿
    Quanzhou 柿, 柿仔, 燈柿, 紅柿
    Jinjiang 燈柿
    Yongchun 柿
    Zhangzhou 柿仔, 柿, 紅柿
    Taipei 柿仔
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 柿仔
    Kaohsiung 紅柿
    Yilan 柿
    Changhua (Lukang) 柿
    Taichung 柿仔
    Tainan 柿
    Hsinchu 水柿
    Kinmen 柿
    Penghu (Magong) 柿
    Penang (Hokkien) 紅柿
    Singapore (Hokkien) 紅柿
    Manila (Hokkien) 燈柿
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 柿
    Datian 柿
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 柿子
    Jieyang 柿
    Bangkok (Teochew) 柿
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 柿
    Singapore (Teochew) 柿
    Leizhou 酸餅
    Haikou 柿餅
    Central Min Yong'an 柿
    Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 柿
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 柿子
    Wu Shanghai 柿子
    Shanghai (Chongming) 柿子
    Suzhou 柿子
    Danyang 柿子
    Hangzhou 柿子
    Ningbo 柿子
    Wenzhou 柿
    Jinhua 柿兒
    Xiang Changsha 柿子
    Loudi 柿子
    Quanzhou 柿子

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    • → Proto-Mien: *djəiᴮ

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    柿

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. persimmon

    Readings

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    Usage notes

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    • Not to be confused with 杮 (kokera, “wood chips”). Note that this kanji 柿 (kaki) uses the character 市 (shì) as the right-hand portion, which consists of five strokes with two separate strokes for the central vertical. Meanwhile, 杮 (kokera) uses the character 巿 (fú) as the right-hand portion, which consists of four strokes with a single stroke for the central vertical.

    Etymology

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    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    柿 (kaki): a persimmon.
    Kanji in this term
    柿
    かき
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.[1]

    Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:

    /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
    /kataki/ → /kaki/
    • From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.[2]
    /akaki/ → /kaki/
    • From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.[2][3]
    • From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.[2]
    • From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.[2][3]

    While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely,[2] this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    柿(かき) or 柿(カキ) • (kaki) 

    1. [from 770] a persimmon, especially the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
    2. [from 1170] Short for 柿色 (kakiiro). a yellowish-red color, like the fruit of the Japanese persimmon
    3. [from 1819] a 布子 (nunoko, “cotton-paded clothing”) dyed in kakiiro
      Synonym: 柿衣 (kakiso)

    Usage notes

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    • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カキ.

    Derived terms

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    Derived terms

    Descendants

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    • → Arabic: كاكي (kaki, “persimmon”)
    • → English: kaki (“persimmon”)
    • → Indonesian: kaki (“persimmon”)
    • → Italian: cachi (“persimmon”)
    • → Portuguese: caqui (“persimmon”)

    See also

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    Proper noun

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    柿(かき) • (Kaki) 

    1. a surname

    References

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    1. ^ “柿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 “カキ／柿／かき”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 “カキ・柿”, in 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017.
    4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    柿 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)

    1. a persimmon

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    柿: Hán Nôm readings: thị

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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