楽

Translingual edit

Traditional	樂
Shinjitai	楽
Simplified	乐

Han character edit

楽 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈人木 (IOD) or 難戈人木 (XIOD), four-corner 3290₄, composition ⿱⿻白⿱丷八木)

Derived characters edit

𭢫, 檪, 𭶒, 䃯, 𮝩, 𮣏, 𪴞, 𣛙, 薬

Related characters edit

樂 (Orthodox traditional form, also a Japanese kyūjitai)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 542, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15213
Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 8 (in addendum), page 20, character 14
Unihan data for U+697D

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Unorthodox variant simplified from 樂 (𢆶 (yōu) → ⿱丷八) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《字學三正》. Also found in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty.

Definitions edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 楽 – see 樂 (“music; tune; melody; song; to play music; to sing; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 樂).

References edit

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02016-003#33

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	楽
Kyūjitai	樂

Kanji edit

楽

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 樂)

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ngaewH):

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
Kan-on: ごう (gō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ngaewk, “music, singing”):

Go-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lak, “comfort, ease”):

Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: このむ (konomu, 楽む); かなでる (kanaderu, 楽でる); たのしい (tanoshii, 楽しい, Jōyō); たのしむ (tanoshimu, 楽しむ, Jōyō); たのしみ (tanoshimi, 楽しみ)
Nanori: ささ (sasa); もと (moto); よし (yoshi)

Compounds edit

Compounds

楽楽(らくらく) (rakuraku)
楽器(がっき) (gakki)
楽章(がくしょう) (gakushō)
能楽(のうがく) (nōgaku)
能楽師(のうがくし) (nōgakushi)
楽団(がくだん) (gakudan)
楽(がく)府(ふ) (gakufu)
楽(がく)譜(ふ) (gakufu)
楽園(らくえん) (rakuen)
楽観(らっかん) (rakkan)
楽勝(らくしょう) (rakushō)
楽天(らくてん) (rakuten, “optimism”)
安楽(あんらく) (anraku)
逸楽(いつらく), 佚楽(いつらく) (itsuraku)
快楽(かいらく) (kairaku)
享楽(きょうらく) (kyōraku)
快(け)楽(らく) (keraku)
行楽(こうらく) (kōraku)
後楽(こうらく) (kōraku)
極楽(ごくらく) (gokuraku)
娯(ご)楽(らく) (goraku)
道楽(どうらく) (dōraku)
伯楽(はくらく) (hakuraku)
右(う)楽(がく) (ugaku)
音楽(おんがく) (ongaku, “music”)
雅(が)楽(がく) (gagaku)
器(き)楽(がく) (kigaku)
五(ご)楽(がく) (gogaku)
左(さ)楽(がく) (sagaku)
昇楽(しょうがく) (shōgaku)
声楽(せいがく) (seigaku)
奏楽(そうがく) (sōgaku)
舞(ぶ)楽(がく) (bugaku, “music for traditional court dances”)
気(き)楽(らく) (kiraku)
五(ご)楽(らく) (goraku)
楽府(がふ) (gafu)
神楽(かぐら) (kagura, “kagura”)
独楽(こま) (koma)
催馬楽(さいばら) (Saibara)
伯楽(ばくろう) (bakurō)
安楽(やすらい) (yasurai)

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
楽
らく Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
樂 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lak).

Pronunciation 1 edit

(Tokyo) らく [ràkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Adjective edit

楽(らく) • (raku) -na (adnominal 楽(らく)な (raku na), adverbial 楽(らく)に (raku ni))

comfortable, enjoying
Synonym: 安楽 (anraku)
easy, simple
人生(じんせい)は楽(らく)ではない。
Jinsei wa raku de wa nai.
Life is not easy.
rich, wealthy
uncomplicated

Inflection edit

Inflection of 楽

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	楽だろ	らくだろ	raku daro
Continuative (連用形)	楽で	らくで	raku de
Terminal (終止形)	楽だ	らくだ	raku da
Attributive (連体形)	楽な	らくな	raku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	楽なら	らくなら	raku nara
Imperative (命令形)	楽であれ	らくであれ	raku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	楽ではない楽じゃない	らくではないらくじゃない	raku de wa nai raku ja nai
Informal past	楽だった	らくだった	raku datta
Informal negative past	楽ではなかった楽じゃなかった	らくではなかったらくじゃなかった	raku de wa nakatta raku ja nakatta
Formal	楽です	らくです	raku desu
Formal negative	楽ではありません楽じゃありません	らくではありませんらくじゃありません	raku de wa arimasen raku ja arimasen
Formal past	楽でした	らくでした	raku deshita
Formal negative past	楽ではありませんでした楽じゃありませんでした	らくではありませんでしたらくじゃありませんでした	raku de wa arimasen deshita raku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	楽で	らくで	raku de
Conditional	楽なら（ば）	らくなら（ば）	raku nara (ba)
Provisional	楽だったら	らくだったら	raku dattara
Volitional	楽だろう	らくだろう	raku darō
Adverbial	楽に	らくに	raku ni
Degree	楽さ	らくさ	rakusa

Noun edit

楽(らく) • (raku)

comfort, ease, enjoyment
ease, simplicity

Derived terms edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

(Tokyo) らく [ráꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

楽(らく) • (raku)

Short for 千秋楽 (senshūraku): the end of a performance; a finale; the last or end of something
Short for 楽焼き (Raku-yaki): rakuware

Derived terms edit

楽(らく)日(び) (rakubi)

Proper noun edit

楽(らく) • (Raku)

a male or female given name
a surname

Derived terms edit

楽焼(らくやき), 楽(らく)焼(や)き (Raku-yaki)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
楽
がく Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
樂 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ngaewk).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) がく [gáꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) がく [gàkú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

楽(がく) • (gaku)

short for 音楽 (ongaku): music
short for 雅楽 (gagaku): ancient-medieval Japanese court music, imported from the Chinese yayue
(theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

楽(がく) • (Gaku)

a surname

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
楽
このみ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
樂 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 好む (konomu, “to like, prefer”).

Proper noun edit

楽(このみ) • (Konomi)

a female given name

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]