湖

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Stroke order

湖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水十口月 (EJRB), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵胡)

Derived characters edit

𫉣

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17836
Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1669, character 3
Unihan data for U+6E56

Chinese edit

trad.		湖
simp. ^#		湖

Wikipedia has articles on:

湖 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
湖 (Cantonese)
湖 (Gan)
fù (Hakka)
hù (Eastern Min)
ô͘ (Southern Min)
湖 (Wu)

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 湖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	kɯ, kas
橭	kaː, kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	kaː, kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	kaː, kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	kaː, kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	kʰaːʔ, kʰaːs
葫	qʰaː, ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	ɡaːʔ, ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	ka, kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	ka, ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hú (hu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): vu³
Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fù

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu²
Jin (Wiktionary): hu¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǔ
Eastern Min (BUC): hù
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ô͘ / hô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ou⁵ / hu⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶wu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hú
  - Wade–Giles: hu²
  - Yale: hú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴
  - Yale: wùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
  - Hakka Romanization System: fuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hu¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/

Note:

ô͘ - vernacular;
hô͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ou⁵ / hu⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ôu / hû
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou⁵⁵/, /hu⁵⁵/

Note:

ou5 - vernacular;
hu5 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu¹³/

Middle Chinese: hu

Rime
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Baxter	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁa/
English	lake
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.