香

Regular Style CJKV Radical 186 (0).svg
香 U+9999, 香
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999
← 馘
[U+9998] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馚 →
[U+999A]
⾹ U+2FB9, ⾹
KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT
← ⾸
[U+2FB8] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾺ →
[U+2FBA]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)

  1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 香
alternative forms 麘
𪏰

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
香 *qʰaŋ
萫 *qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in mainstream Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiên1 / hion1 / hiang1 / pang1
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang / phang
    • Sinological IPA (key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/, /pʰaŋ³³/
Note:
  • hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary;
  • pang1 - semantic (original character is 芳).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 香
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕiã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
    Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
    Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /hiũ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ²³/
    /hio²³/
    Rime
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hoeng1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    English fragrance

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13591
    Phonetic
    component         		香
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		香
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    香

    1. fragrant; fragrance
      Antonym: 臭 (chòu)
    2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
    3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
    4. popular
    5. perfume
    6. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
    7. (figuratively) woman
    8. to kiss
    9. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香
    Mandarin Beijing 香
    Taiwan 香
    Harbin 香
    Muping 香
    Jinan 香
    Luoyang 香
    Wanrong 香
    Xi'an 香
    Yinchuan 香
    Xining 香
    Ürümqi 香
    Wuhan 香
    Chengdu 香
    Guiyang 香
    Guilin 香
    Liuzhou 香
    Xuzhou 香
    Yangzhou 香
    Nanjing 香
    Hefei 香
    Malaysia 香
    Singapore 香
    Cantonese Guangzhou 香
    Hong Kong 香
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 香
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 香
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 香
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 香
    Macau 香
    Panyu 香
    Huadu (Huashan) 香
    Conghua 香
    Zengcheng 香
    Foshan 香
    Nanhai (Shatou) 香
    Shunde 香
    Sanshui 香
    Gaoming (Mingcheng) 香
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 香
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 香
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 香
    Doumen 香
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 香
    Xinhui 香
    Taishan 香
    Kaiping (Chikan) 香
    Enping (Niujiang) 香
    Heshan (Yayao) 香
    Dongguan 香
    Bao'an (Shajing) 香
    Qingyuan 香
    Fogang 香
    Yingde (Hanguang) 香
    Yangshan 香
    Lianshan (Butian) 香
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 香
    Shaoguan 香
    Qujiang 香
    Renhua 香
    Lechang 香
    Gaoyao 香
    Sihui 香
    Guangning 香
    Deqing 香
    Huaiji 香
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 香
    Yunfu 香
    Xinxing 香
    Luoding 香
    Yunan (Pingtai) 香
    Yangjiang 香
    Nanning 香
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 香
    Singapore (Guangfu) 香
    Gan Nanchang 香
    Lichuan 香
    Pingxiang 香
    Hakka Meixian 香
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 香
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 香
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 香
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 香
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 香
    Conghua (Lütian) 香
    Yudu 香
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 香
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 香
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 香
    Dongshi (Dabu) 香
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 香
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 香
    Hong Kong 香
    Senai (Huiyang) 香
    Huizhou Jixi 香
    Jin Taiyuan 香
    Xinzhou 香
    Min Bei Jian'ou 香
    Songxi 香
    Jianyang 香
    Min Dong Fuzhou 香
    Gutian 香
    Fu'an 香
    Zhouning 香
    Fuding 香
    Min Nan Xiamen 芳
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 芳
    Quanzhou 芳
    Jinjiang 芳
    Anxi 芳
    Yongchun 芳
    Zhangzhou 芳
    Zhao'an 芳
    Dongshan 芳
    Taipei 芳
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 芳
    Kaohsiung 芳
    Yilan 芳
    Changhua (Lukang) 芳
    Taichung 芳
    Tainan 芳
    Hsinchu 芳
    Kinmen 芳
    Penghu (Magong) 芳
    Penang (Hokkien) 芳
    Singapore (Hokkien) 芳
    Manila (Hokkien) 芳
    Longyan 芳
    Datian 芳
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 香
    Chaozhou 芳
    Shantou 芳
    Chenghai 芳
    Chaoyang 芳
    Jieyang 芳
    Haifeng 芳
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 芳
    Singapore (Teochew) 芳
    Leizhou 芳
    Wenchang 芳
    Haikou 芳
    Qionghai 芳
    Puxian Min Putian 芳
    Xianyou 芳
    Min Zhong Yong'an 香
    Shaxian 香
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 香
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 香
    Wu Shanghai 香
    Chongming 香
    Suzhou 香
    Danyang 香
    Hangzhou 香
    Wenzhou 香
    Jinhua 香
    Xiang Changsha 香
    Shuangfeng 香
    Loudi 香

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 香

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    香

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    香
    か
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    香(か) • (ka) 

    1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

    See alsoEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    香
    きょう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    香(きょう) • (kyō) ←きやう (kyau)?

    1. Clipping of 香車.

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    香
    こう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

     香 on Japanese Wikipedia

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    香(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

    1. incense
      Synonym: 御香 (okō)

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    香 (eum 향 (hyang))

    1. Hanja form? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    香: Nôm readings: nhang[2][3][6][4][5][7], hương[1][2][4][7], hang[1], nhàng[1]

    1. Hán tự form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
    2. Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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