香

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 2060₉, composition ⿱禾日)

Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived charactersEdit

Index:Chinese radical/香

DescendantsEdit

𛀠

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1428, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
Unihan data for U+9999

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		香
alternative forms		麘

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
香	*qʰaŋ
萫	*qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiāng (xiang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): щён (xi͡on, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xiong¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiông

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiong¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xion¹
Min Bei (KCR): hióng
Min Dong (BUC): hiŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiuⁿ / hioⁿ / hiauⁿ / hiong / hiang

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiên¹ / hion¹ / hiang¹ / pang¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xian (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): xian¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: щён (xi͡on, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoeng¹
  - Yale: hēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xiong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /çiɔŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xion¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Kinmen): /hiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiauⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiaunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviaw
  - IPA (Penang): /hiãʊ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
  - Tâi-lô: hiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /hiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiang
  - Tâi-lô: hiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in mainstream Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiên¹ / hion¹ / hiang¹ / pang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang / phang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/, /pʰaŋ³³/

Note:

hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
hiang1 - literary;
pang1 - semantic (original character is 芳).

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xian (T1)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiã⁵³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: xian¹
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiæn³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 香
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiaŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕiaŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiaŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiaŋ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɑ̃³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕiã̠/
	Nanjing	/ɕiaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕiɑ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiã⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɑŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕia³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕian³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sian³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hioŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hœŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/hœŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hœŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /hiũ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyoŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ²³/ /hio²³/

Middle Chinese: /hɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/xiaŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjang ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ/
English	fragrance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
No.	13591
Phonetic component	香
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	香
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

香

fragrant; fragrance
Antonym: 臭 (chòu)
(of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
(of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
popular
perfume
(religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
(figuratively) woman
to kiss
(Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		香
Mandarin	Beijing	香
	Taiwan	香
	Jinan	香
	Xi'an	香
	Wuhan	香
	Chengdu	香
	Yangzhou	香
	Hefei	香
	Malaysia	香
	Singapore	香
Cantonese	Guangzhou	香
	Hong Kong	香
	Macau	香
	Taishan	香
	Yangjiang	香
	Kuala Lumpur	香
	Singapore	香
Gan	Nanchang	香
Hakka	Meixian	香
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	香
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	香
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	香
	Dongshi (Dabu)	香
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	香
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	香
Jin	Taiyuan	香
Min Bei	Jian'ou	香
Min Dong	Fuzhou	香
Min Nan	Xiamen	芳
	Quanzhou	芳
	Zhangzhou	芳
	Taipei	芳
	Kaohsiung	芳
	Tainan	芳
	Taichung	芳
	Hsinchu	芳
	Lukang	芳
	Sanxia	芳
	Yilan	芳
	Kinmen	芳
	Magong	芳
	Penang (Hokkien)	芳
	Singapore (Hokkien)	芳
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	芳
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	香
	Chaozhou	芳
	Shantou	芳
	Haifeng	芳
	Singapore (Teochew)	芳
	Wenchang	芳
	Haikou	芳
	Leizhou	芳
Wu	Suzhou	香
Wu	Wenzhou	香
Xiang	Changsha	香
Xiang	Shuangfeng	香

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 香

丁香 (dīngxiāng)
七香
上沉香
上香 (shàngxiāng)
乳香 (rǔxiāng)
五香 (wǔxiāng)
仇香
信香
偷香
凝香
刈香
印香
口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
吃香 (chīxiāng)
噴香／喷香 (pènxiāng)
國香／国香
土木香
土香 (tǔxiāng)
埋香
大茴香 (dàhuíxiāng)
天香 (tiānxiāng)
安香
尋香／寻香
小茴香 (xiǎohuíxiāng)
幽香 (yōuxiāng)
心香
悶香／闷香
憐香／怜香
憐香惜玉／怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
抹香 (mǒxiāng)
拈香
提香
斗香
暗香
書香／书香 (shūxiāng)
木香 (mùxiāng)
松香 (sōngxiāng)
梅香
楓香／枫香
檀香 (tánxiāng)
沉香 (chénxiāng)
油香
清香 (qīngxiāng)
炷香 (zhùxiāng)
焚香 (fénxiāng)
熏香
燒香／烧香 (shāoxiāng)
瑞香
瓣香
異香／异香
盤香／盘香
稻香
篆香
純香／纯香
線香／线香 (xiànxiāng)
聽香／听香
膩香／腻香
臂香
花香 (huāxiāng)
芳香 (fāngxiāng)
芸香 (yúnxiāng)
茴香 (huíxiāng)
藏香
藿香 (huòxiāng)
蘇合香／苏合香 (sūhéxiāng)

蘭香／兰香
蘹香
蚊香 (wénxiāng)
蜜香
行香 (xíngxiāng)
親香／亲香
迦南香
進香／进香 (jìnxiāng)
酒香
阿香
降香 (jiàngxiāng)
雞舌香／鸡舌香
頭香／头香
香串
香乾／香干 (xiānggān)
香亭
香公
香冢
香冮
香分
香包 (xiāngbāo)
香印
香口 (Xiāngkǒu)
香味 (xiāngwèi)
香噴噴／香喷喷 (xiāngpēnpēn)
香囊 (xiāngnáng)
香城 (Xiāngchéng)
香奩／香奁
香妃
香客 (xiāngkè)
香山 (Xiāngshān)
香巢
香市
香帛
香房
香扇
香斗
香料 (xiāngliào)
香會／香会
香染
香格里拉 (Xiānggélǐlā)
香案 (xiāng'àn)
香梨 (xiānglí)
香椿 (xiāngchūn)
香樟
香橙 (xiāngchéng)
香檳／香槟 (xiāngbīn)
香檳酒／香槟酒 (xiāngbīnjiǔ)
香櫞／香橼 (xiāngyuán)
香毬
香氣／香气 (xiāngqì)
香水 (xiāngshuǐ)
香汗
香油 (xiāngyóu)
香波 (xiāngbō)
香消玉沉
香港 (Xiānggǎng)
香湯／香汤
香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
香澤／香泽
香火 (xiānghuǒ)
香灰 (xiānghuī)
香煙／香烟 (xiāngyān)
香燈／香灯

香燭／香烛 (xiāngzhú)
香爐／香炉 (xiānglú)
香片 (xiāngpiàn)
香瓜 (xiāngguā)
香甜 (xiāngtián)
香界
香皂 (xiāngzào)
香稻
香筒
香筵
香篆
香粉 (xiāngfěn)
香精
香純／香纯
香紙／香纸
香纓／香缨 (xiāngyīng)
香肉 (xiāngròu)
香脆
香腮
香腸／香肠 (xiāngcháng)
香色 (xiāngsè)
香艷／香艳
香花 (xiānghuā)
香茅 (xiāngmáo)
香茶
香草 (xiāngcǎo)
香菇 (xiānggū)
香菌
香菜 (xiāngcài)
香菸／香烟
香蒲
香蓼
香蕈 (xiāngxùn)
香蕉 (xiāngjiāo)
香薷 (xiāngrú)
香袋 (xiāngdài)
香豔／香艳 (xiāngyàn)
香貍／香狸
香車／香车
香道
香酥
香醇 (xiāngchún)
香鋪／香铺
香錢／香钱
香閨／香闺
香附 (xiāngfù)
香頌／香颂 (xiāngsòng)
香頭／香头
香願／香愿
香餅／香饼
香餌／香饵
香餑餑兒／香饽饽儿
香魚／香鱼 (xiāngyú)
香麝
香麞
馨香 (xīnxiāng)
高香
鳥語花香／鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
麝香 (shèxiāng)
麝香片
黃香／黄香
點香／点香 (diǎnxiāng)
龍涎香／龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)
龍香／龙香

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō ^†)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kun: か (ka, 香, Jōyō); かおり (kaori, 香り, Jōyō)^{←かをり (kawori, historical)}; かおる (kaoru, 香る, Jōyō)^{←かをる (kaworu, historical)}

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

香(こう)気(き) (kōki)
香(こう)具(ぐ)師(し) (kōgushi), 香具師(やし) (yashi)
香(こう)水(すい) (kōsui)
香(こう)草(そう) (kōsō)
香(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
香(こう)箱(ばこ) (kōbako)
香(こう)木(ぼく) (kōboku)
香(こう)料(りょう) (kōryō)
香(こう)炉(ろ) (kōro)
香(きょう)車(しゃ) (kyōsha)
茴(うい)香(きょう) (uikyō)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
香
か Grade: 4
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) か [kà] (Heiban – [0])
- (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA^(key): [ka̠]

NounEdit

香(か) • (ka)

a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
香
きょう Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang).

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) きょー [kyòó] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

NounEdit

香(きょう) • (kyō) (historical kana きやう)

Clipping of 香車.

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
香
こう Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

香 on Japanese Wikipedia

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

NounEdit

香(こう) • (kō) (historical kana かう)

incense
Synonym: 御香 (okō)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

香 (eum 향 (hyang))

Hanja form^? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

방향족 (芳香族, banghyangjok)
향기 (香氣, hyanggi)
향항 (香港, Hyanghang)
향로 (香爐, hyangno)
향수 (香水, hyangsu)
사향 (麝香, sahyang)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
香: Nôm readings: nhang^[2]^[3]^[6]^[4]^[5]^[7], hương^[1]^[2]^[4]^[7], hang^[1], nhàng^[1]

Hán tự form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).
^ Hồ (1976).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-6] Hồ (1976).

[taberd-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

香

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

CompoundsEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit