U+9999, 香
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999

[U+9998]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+999A]
U+2FB9, ⾹
KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT

[U+2FB8]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FBA]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 186, +0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #186, .

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (glutinous millet) + (mouth).

In the seal script, the was replaced with the related (“sweet”).

Currently, the has simplified into , and the form of the bottom component has become akin to the unrelated or .

Etymology 1 edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𪏰

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in General Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
Note:
  • hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕiã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
    Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
    Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /hiũ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ²³/
    /hio²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter xjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /xiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /xĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    xiāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hoeng1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xjang ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰaŋ/
    English fragrance

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13591
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰaŋ/

    Definitions edit

    1. fragrant; fragrance
      Antonym:
    2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
    3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
    4. (Internet slang) wonderful; enjoyable (in general)
    5. popular
    6. perfume
    7. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: m; )
    8. (figurative) woman
    9. (chiefly Wu) to kiss
    10. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die
    Synonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    • Indonesian: hio (joss stick, incense)

    Etymology 2 edit

    trad.
    simp. #

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of (fragrant)

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (ka

    1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    きょう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (xjang).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (きょう) (kyōきやう (kyau)?

    1. Clipping of 香車.

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    こう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (fragrance; incense).

      on Japanese Wikipedia

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (こう) (かう (kau)?

    1. incense
      Synonym: 御香 (okō)

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eum (hyang))

    1. Hanja form? of (fragrance; perfume; incense).

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: hương (()(lương)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    : Nôm readings: nhang[2][3][6][4][5][7], hương[1][2][4][7], hang[1], nhàng[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hương (fragrance; incense).
    2. Nôm form of nhang (incense).

    Compounds edit

    References edit