香

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1428, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
Unihan data for U+9999

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
香	*qʰaŋ
萫	*qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

Etymology 1Edit

trad.		香
simp. ^#		香
alternative forms		麘𪏰

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiāng (xiang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ

(Chengdu, SP): xiang¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): hoeng¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hiang¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xiong¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiông

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiong¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xion¹
Min Bei (KCR): hióng
Min Dong (BUC): hiŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiuⁿ / hioⁿ / hiauⁿ / hiong / hiang

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiên¹ / hion¹ / hiang¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xian (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): xian¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siang
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoeng¹
  - Yale: hēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hiang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xiong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /çiɔŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xion¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang): /hiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen): /hiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /hiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiauⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiaunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviaw
  - IPA (Penang): /hiãu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
  - Tâi-lô: hiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiang
  - Tâi-lô: hiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in General Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiên¹ / hion¹ / hiang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/

Note:

hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
hiang1 - literary.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xian (T1)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiã⁵³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: xian¹
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiæn³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 香
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiaŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕiaŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiaŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiaŋ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɑ̃³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕiã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕiaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕiɑ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiã⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɑŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕia³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕian³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sian³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hioŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hœŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/hœŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hœŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /hiũ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyoŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ²³/ /hio²³/

Middle Chinese: /hɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/xiaŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjang ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ/
English	fragrance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
No.	13591
Phonetic component	香
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	香
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

香

fragrant; fragrance
Antonym: 臭 (chòu)
(of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
(of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
(Internet slang) wonderful; enjoyable (in general)
popular
perfume
(religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
(figuratively) woman
(chiefly Wu) to kiss
(Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		香, 芳, 馨, 馥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		香
Mandarin	Beijing	香
	Taiwan	香
	Harbin	香
	Muping	香
	Jinan	香
	Luoyang	香
	Wanrong	香
	Xi'an	香
	Yinchuan	香
	Xining	香
	Ürümqi	香
	Wuhan	香
	Chengdu	香
	Guiyang	香
	Guilin	香
	Liuzhou	香
	Xuzhou	香
	Yangzhou	香
	Nanjing	香
	Hefei	香
	Malaysia	香
	Singapore	香
Cantonese	Guangzhou	香
	Hong Kong	香
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	香
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	香
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	香
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	香
	Macau	香
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	香
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	香
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	香
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	香
	Foshan	香
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	香
	Foshan (Shunde)	香
	Foshan (Sanshui)	香
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	香
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	香
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	香
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	香
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	香
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	香
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	香
	Taishan	香
	Kaiping (Chikan)	香
	Enping (Niujiang)	香
	Heshan (Yayao)	香
	Dongguan	香
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	香
	Qingyuan	香
	Fogang	香
	Yingde (Hanguang)	香
	Yangshan	香
	Lianshan (Butian)	香
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	香
	Shaoguan	香
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	香
	Renhua	香
	Lechang	香
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	香
	Sihui	香
	Guangning	香
	Deqing	香
	Huaiji	香
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	香
	Yunfu	香
	Xinxing	香
	Luoding	香
	Yunan (Pingtai)	香
	Yangjiang	香
	Xinyi	香
	Lianjiang	香
	Nanning	香
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	香
	Singapore (Guangfu)	香
Gan	Nanchang	香
	Lichuan	香
	Pingxiang	香
Hakka	Meixian	香
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	香
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	香
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	香
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	香
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	香
	Conghua (Lütian)	香
	Yudu	香
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	香
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	香
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	香
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	香
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	香
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	香
	Hong Kong	香
	Senai (Huiyang)	香
Huizhou	Jixi	香
Jin	Taiyuan	香
Jin	Xinzhou	香
Min Bei	Jian'ou	香
	Songxi	香
	Jianyang	香
Min Dong	Fuzhou	香
	Gutian	香
	Fu'an	香
	Zhouning	香
	Fuding	香
	Singapore (Fuqing)	香
Min Nan	Xiamen	芳
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	芳
	Quanzhou	芳
	Jinjiang	芳
	Anxi	芳
	Yongchun	芳
	Zhangzhou	芳
	Zhao'an	芳
	Dongshan	芳
	Taipei (Wanhua)	芳
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	芳
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	芳
	Kaohsiung	芳
	Yilan	芳
	Changhua (Lukang)	芳
	Taichung	芳
	Taichung (Wuqi)	芳
	Tainan	芳
	Taitung	芳
	Hsinchu	芳
	Penghu (Magong)	芳
	Penang (Hokkien)	芳
	Singapore (Hokkien)	芳
	Manila (Hokkien)	芳
	Longyan	芳
	Datian	芳
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	香
	Chaozhou	芳
	Shantou	芳
	Shantou (Chenghai)	芳
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	芳
	Jieyang	芳
	Haifeng	芳
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	芳
	Singapore (Teochew)	芳
	Leizhou	芳
	Wenchang	芳
	Haikou	芳
	Qionghai	芳
Puxian Min	Putian	芳
	Putian (Donghai)	芳
	Putian (Jiangkou)	芳
	Putian (Nanri)	芳
	Xianyou	芳
	Xianyou (Fengting)	芳
	Xianyou (Youyang)	芳
Min Zhong	Yong'an	香
Min Zhong	Shaxian	香
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	香
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	香
Wu	Shanghai	香
	Shanghai (Chongming)	香
	Suzhou	香
	Danyang	香
	Hangzhou	香
	Wenzhou	香
	Jinhua	香
Xiang	Changsha	香
	Loudi	香
	Shuangfeng	香

Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吻, 親, 親吻
Mandarin	Beijing	吻, 親
	Taiwan	吻, 親
	Muping	親
	Wanrong	親
	Xi'an	親
	Yangzhou	親
	Singapore	吻, 親
Cantonese	Guangzhou	惜, 啜, 痛
	Hong Kong	惜, 啜, 嘴
	Taishan	啜
	Dongguan	啜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	惜
Hakka	Meixian	唚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唚
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	唚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	唚
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	唚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	唚
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	唚
Jin	Taiyuan	親
Jin	Xinzhou	親
Min Bei	Jian'ou	蜜
	Songxi	鼻
	Zhenghe	蜜
	Jianyang	蜜
	Wuyishan	敕
	Pucheng (Shibei)	鼻
Min Dong	Fuzhou	唚
Min Nan	Xiamen	唚
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	唚
	Quanzhou	唚
	Shishi	唚
	Zhangzhou	唚
	Tainan	唚
	Penang (Hokkien)	唚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	唚
	Shantou	唚
	Singapore (Teochew)	唚
	Haikou	惜
Wu	Shanghai	香
	Shanghai (Chongming)	香
	Suzhou	香
	Hangzhou	香
	Ningbo	親

Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		死, 亡, 歿, 卒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼
Mandarin	Beijing	死, 故去 †, 老 †, ‡, 毛兒提 Hui
	Taiwan	死, 過世 †
	Harbin	死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟
	Muping	死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 §
	Jinan	死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui
	Luoyang	死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤
	Wanrong	死, 歿, 老 †, ‡
	Xi'an	死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui
	Yinchuan	死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui
	Lanzhou	死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 †
	Xining	歿
	Ürümqi	死, 過世 †, 不在 †
	Wuhan	死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮
	Chengdu	死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈
	Guiyang	死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤
	Liuzhou	死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄
	Yangzhou	死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 §
	Nanjing	死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤
	Hefei	死, 不在 †, 老 †
	Singapore	死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †
Cantonese	Guangzhou	死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 一 argot
	Hong Kong	死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	過身
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	過身
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	過身, 死
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	過身
	Macau	過身, 去
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	過身, 死
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	死
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	過身, 死
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	去歸, 過身
	Foshan	過身, 死
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	死, 過身
	Foshan (Shunde)	過身
	Foshan (Sanshui)	過身
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	死
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	過身
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	死
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	過身, 死
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	死, 過身
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	過身, 死
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	死, 過身
	Taishan	死, 善, 去
	Kaiping (Chikan)	死, 登仙
	Enping (Niujiang)	過身, 死
	Heshan (Yayao)	死
	Dongguan	死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 §
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	死, 過身
	Yangjiang	死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	死, 過身 †
Gan	Nanchang	死, 過世 †, 老 †
	Lichuan	死
	Pingxiang	死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去
Hakka	Meixian	死, 老, 過身 †, 老壽 †, ‡
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	過身
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	過身, 死
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	死, 過身
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	死
	Conghua (Lütian)	死, 過身
	Yudu	死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	死, 過身 †
	Hong Kong	過身, 老
Huizhou	Jixi	死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤
Jin	Taiyuan	死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡
Jin	Xinzhou	死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮
Min Bei	Jian'ou	死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡
Min Dong	Fuzhou	死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 §
Min Nan	Xiamen	死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
	Quanzhou	死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
	Zhangzhou	死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 §
	Taipei	死去, 老 †, 過身 †
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 †
	Kaohsiung	死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
	Yilan	死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 †
	Changhua (Lukang)	死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
	Taichung	死去, 往生 †, 過身 †
	Tainan	死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
	Hsinchu	曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
	Kinmen	死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 †
	Penghu (Magong)	死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
	Singapore (Hokkien)	死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹, 交登記 †
	Manila (Hokkien)	死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 †
	Chaozhou	死, 過身 †
	Singapore (Teochew)	死
	Leizhou	死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 §
	Haikou	死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 §
	Singapore (Hainanese)	死
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	死
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西
Wu	Shanghai	死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 §
	Shanghai (Chongming)	死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤
	Suzhou	死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 §
	Danyang	死
	Hangzhou	死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去
	Ningbo	死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †
	Wenzhou	死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤
	Jinhua	死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡
Xiang	Changsha	死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎
	Loudi	死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 †
	Shuangfeng	死, 過世 †, 故 †
Note	† - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 香

丁香 (dīngxiāng)
七香
上沉香
上香 (shàngxiāng)
乳香 (rǔxiāng)
五香 (wǔxiāng)
仇香
信香
偷香
凝香
刈香
印香
口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
吃香 (chīxiāng)
噴香／喷香 (pènxiāng)
國香／国香
土木香
土香 (tǔxiāng)
埋香
大茴香 (dàhuíxiāng)
天香 (tiānxiāng)
安香
尋香／寻香
小茴香 (xiǎohuíxiāng)
幽香 (yōuxiāng)
心香
悶香／闷香
憐香／怜香
憐香惜玉／怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
抹香 (mǒxiāng)
拈香
提香
斗香
暗香 (ànxiāng)
書香／书香 (shūxiāng)
木香 (mùxiāng)
松香 (sōngxiāng)
梅香
楓香／枫香
檀香 (tánxiāng)
沉香 (chénxiāng)
油香
清香 (qīngxiāng)
炷香 (zhùxiāng)
焚香 (fénxiāng)
熏香
燒香／烧香 (shāoxiāng)
瑞香
瓣香
異香／异香
盤香／盘香
稻香
篆香
純香／纯香
線香／线香 (xiànxiāng)
聽香／听香
膩香／腻香
臂香
花香 (huāxiāng)
芳香 (fāngxiāng)
芸香 (yúnxiāng)
茴香 (huíxiāng)
藏香
藿香 (huòxiāng)
蘇合香／苏合香 (sūhéxiāng)

蘭香／兰香
蘹香 (huáixiāng)
蚊香 (wénxiāng)
蜜香
行香 (xíngxiāng)
親香／亲香
迦南香
進香／进香 (jìnxiāng)
酒香
阿香
降香 (jiàngxiāng)
雞舌香／鸡舌香
頭香／头香
香串
香乾／香干 (xiānggān)
香亭
香公
香冢
香冮
香分
香包 (xiāngbāo)
香印
香口 (Xiāngkǒu)
香味 (xiāngwèi)
香噴噴／香喷喷 (xiāngpēnpēn)
香囊 (xiāngnáng)
香城 (Xiāngchéng)
香奩／香奁
香妃
香客 (xiāngkè)
香山 (Xiāngshān)
香巢
香市
香帛
香房
香扇
香斗
香料 (xiāngliào)
香會／香会 (xiānghuì)
香染
香格里拉 (Xiānggélǐlā)
香案 (xiāng'àn)
香梨 (xiānglí)
香椿 (xiāngchūn)
香樟
香橙 (xiāngchéng)
香檳／香槟 (xiāngbīn)
香檳酒／香槟酒 (xiāngbīnjiǔ)
香櫞／香橼 (xiāngyuán)
香毬／香球
香氣／香气 (xiāngqì)
香水 (xiāngshuǐ)
香汗
香油 (xiāngyóu)
香波 (xiāngbō)
香消玉沉
香港 (Xiānggǎng)
香湯／香汤
香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
香澤／香泽
香火 (xiānghuǒ)
香灰 (xiānghuī)
香煙／香烟 (xiāngyān)
香燈／香灯

香燭／香烛 (xiāngzhú)
香爐／香炉 (xiānglú)
香片 (xiāngpiàn)
香瓜 (xiāngguā)
香甜 (xiāngtián)
香界
香皂 (xiāngzào)
香稻
香筒
香筵
香篆
香粉 (xiāngfěn)
香精 (xiāngjīng)
香純／香纯
香紙／香纸
香纓／香缨 (xiāngyīng)
香肉 (xiāngròu)
香脆
香腮
香腸／香肠 (xiāngcháng)
香色 (xiāngsè)
香艷／香艳
香花 (xiānghuā)
香茅 (xiāngmáo)
香茶
香草 (xiāngcǎo)
香菇 (xiānggū)
香菌
香菜 (xiāngcài)
香菸／香烟
香蒲
香蓼
香蕈 (xiāngxùn)
香蕉 (xiāngjiāo)
香薷 (xiāngrú)
香袋 (xiāngdài)
香豔／香艳 (xiāngyàn)
香貍／香狸
香車／香车
香道
香酥
香醇 (xiāngchún)
香鋪／香铺
香錢／香钱
香閨／香闺
香附 (xiāngfù)
香頌／香颂 (xiāngsòng)
香頭／香头
香願／香愿
香餅／香饼 (xiāngbǐng)
香餌／香饵
香餑餑兒／香饽饽儿
香魚／香鱼 (xiāngyú)
香麝
香麞／香獐
馨香 (xīnxiāng)
高香
鳥語花香／鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
麝香 (shèxiāng)
麝香片
黃香／黄香
點香／点香 (diǎnxiāng)
龍涎香／龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)
龍香／龙香

DescendantsEdit

→ Indonesian: hio (“joss stick, incense”)

Etymology 2Edit

trad.		香
simp. ^#		香

PronunciationEdit

Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): phang

(Teochew, Peng'im): pang¹

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phang
  - Tâi-lô: phang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phafng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ³³/

DefinitionsEdit

香

(Min Nan) Alternative form of 芳 (“fragrant”).

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

香

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō ^†)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kun: か (ka, 香, Jōyō); かおり (kaori, 香り, Jōyō)^{←かをり (kawori, historical)}; かおる (kaoru, 香る, Jōyō)^{←かをる (kaworu, historical)}

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

香(こう)気(き) (kōki)
香(こう)具(ぐ)師(し) (kōgushi), 香具師(やし) (yashi)
香(こう)水(すい) (kōsui)
香(こう)草(そう) (kōsō)
香(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
香(こう)箱(ばこ) (kōbako)
香(こう)木(ぼく) (kōboku)
香(こう)料(りょう) (kōryō)
香(こう)炉(ろ) (kōro)
香(きょう)車(しゃ) (kyōsha)
茴(うい)香(きょう) (uikyō)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
香
か Grade: 4
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) か [kà] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ka̠]

NounEdit

香(か) • (ka)

a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
香
きょう Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang).

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) きょー [kyòó] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

NounEdit

香(きょう) • (kyō) ^{←きやう (kyau)^?}

Clipping of 香車.

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
香
こう Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

香 on Japanese Wikipedia

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

NounEdit

香(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)^?}

incense
Synonym: 御香 (okō)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

香 (eum 향 (hyang))

Hanja form^? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

방향족 (芳香族, banghyangjok)
향기 (香氣, hyanggi)
향항 (香港, Hyanghang)
향로 (香爐, hyangno)
향수 (香水, hyangsu)
사향 (麝香, sahyang)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
香: Nôm readings: nhang^[2]^[3]^[6]^[4]^[5]^[7], hương^[1]^[2]^[4]^[7], hang^[1], nhàng^[1]

chữ Hán form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).
^ Hồ (1976).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-6] Hồ (1976).

[taberd-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

香

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

CompoundsEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit