香
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
香 (radical 186 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)
- Kangxi radical #186, ⾹ (“fragrant”).
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1428, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
- Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4423, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9999
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
香 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 香
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 香 | *qʰaŋ |
| 萫 | *qʰaŋs |
In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).
In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).
Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiông
- Min Dong (BUC): hiŏng
- Min Nan (POJ): hiuⁿ / hioⁿ / hiong / hiang
- Wu (Wiktionary): xian (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
- Wade-Giles: hsiang1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hoeng1
- Yale: hēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: hêng1
- IPA (key): /hœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông
- Hakka Romanization System: hiong´
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiong1
- IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng
- IPA (key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hionn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hvioy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiang
- Tâi-lô: hiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/
Note:
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xian (T1)
- IPA (key): /ɕiã⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 香 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕiɑŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕiaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiaŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕiɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiã̠/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕiaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiɑ̃²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕiɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiã⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕiã⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕiɑŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕi³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕia³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕiau¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕian³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /sian³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hioŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /hioŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hœŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /hœŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hœŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /hiũ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hyoŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hiaŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hiaŋ²³/ /hio²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 香 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許良切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/xiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiāng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 香 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰaŋ/ |
| English | fragrance |
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 香 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13591 |
| Phonetic component |
香 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
香 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰaŋ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
香
- fragrant; fragrance
- (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
- (of eating) enjoyable; (of sleep) sound
- popular
- perfume
- (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
- (figuratively) woman
- (Taiwan) to kiss
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die
SynonymsEdit
| Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 香 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 香 |
| Taiwan | 香 | |
| Jinan | 香 | |
| Xi'an | 香 | |
| Wuhan | 香 | |
| Chengdu | 香 | |
| Yangzhou | 香 | |
| Hefei | 香 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 香 |
| Hong Kong | 香 | |
| Taishan | 香 | |
| Yangjiang | 香 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 香 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 香 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 香 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 香 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 香 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 香 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 香 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 香 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 香 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 香 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 香 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 芳 |
| Quanzhou | 芳 | |
| Zhangzhou | 芳 | |
| Taipei | 芳 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 芳 | |
| Chaozhou | 芳 | |
| Shantou | 芳 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香 |
| Wenzhou | 香 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 香 |
| Shuangfeng | 香 | |
AntonymsEdit
- (fragrant, fragrance): 臭 (chòu)
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 香
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JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
香 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune-Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.