對

See also: 对 and 対
對 U+5C0D, 對
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C0D
← 尌
[U+5C0C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 導 →
[U+5C0E]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Traditional 對
Shinjitai 対
Simplified 对

Han characterEdit

對 (radical 41, 寸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土木戈 (TGDI), four-corner 34100, composition ⿰⿱业𦍌寸)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

trad. 對
simp. 对

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 對
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (對) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
對 *tuːbs
轛 *tuːbs, *tubs
薱 *duːbs
濧 *duːbs
懟 *dubs

In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意): 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦.

In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土.

PronunciationEdit

Note: ùi - towards (a place).
Rime
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都隊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/twəjH/
Li
Rong 		/tuᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/tuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ twojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]ˁ[u]p-s/
English respond

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
No. 2580
Phonetic
component 		對
Rime
group 		內
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		對
Old
Chinese 		/*tuːbs/

DefinitionsEdit

對

  1. correct; true; right
    你說對了。 / 你说对了。  ―  Nǐ shuō duì le.  ―  You're right.
    Synonyms: 不錯／不错 (bùcuò), 沒錯／没错 (méicuò), 冇錯／冇错 (Cantonese)
    Antonym: 錯／错 (cuò)
  2. towards; to
    對身體好 / 对身体好  ―  duì shēntǐ hǎo  ―  good for the body
    你對什麼藥物過敏嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对什么药物过敏吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì shénme yàowù guòmǐn ma? [Pinyin]
    Are you allergic to any medications?
    佢對噉嘅嘢冇咩興趣嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢对噉嘅嘢冇咩兴趣嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 deoi3 gam2 ge3 je5 mou5 me1 hing1 ceoi3 ge3. [Jyutping]
    He doesn't have interest in that sort of thing.
  3. to treat
    你為什麼對他那麼好？ [MSC, trad.]
    你为什么对他那么好？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ wèishénme duì tā nàme hǎo? [Pinyin]
    Why do you treat him so well?
  4. paired; contrasting
    對照 / 对照  ―  duìzhào  ―  a comparison; to contrast
    中日對譯 / 中日对译  ―  zhōngrì duìyì  ―  Chinese-Japanese bilingual text
  5. to match
    對不上 / 对不上  ―  duì bùshàng  ―  does not match
  6. to respond; to answer
  7. to check; to verify
    對賬 / 对账  ―  duìzhàng  ―  to check bills
  8. Classifier for pairs of objects: pair
    兩對鞋 / 两对鞋 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 deoi3 haai4 [Jyutping]  ―  two pairs of shoes
  9. according to
    對她來說 / 对她来说  ―  duì tā láishuō  ―  according to her
    對我嚟講 / 对我嚟讲 [Cantonese]  ―  deoi3 ngo5 lai4 gong2 [Jyutping]  ―  according to me
  10. versus; vs.
  11. (Min Nan) from
    我對基隆來 / 我对基隆来 [Hokkien]  ―  góa tùi Ke-lâng lâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I come from Keelung

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 對 (“correct”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 是
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正確
Mandarin Beijing 對
Taiwan 對
Tianjin 對
Muping 對
Jinan 對
Wanrong 對
Xi'an 對
Yinchuan 對
Ürümqi 對
Wuhan 對
Chengdu 對
Guiyang 對
Yangzhou 對
Hefei 對
Malaysia 對
Singapore 對
Cantonese Guangzhou 啱
Hong Kong 啱
Taishan 啱
Yangjiang 著, 啱
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 啱
Singapore (Guangfu) 啱
Gan Nanchang 對
Lichuan 對
Hakka Meixian 著, 啱
Xingning 著
Huidong (Daling) 著
Qujiang 著
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 著
Changting 著
Wuping 著
Wuping (Pingyu) 著
Liancheng 著
Ninghua 著
Ruijin 著
Shicheng 著
Shangyou 著
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 著
Liudui (S. Sixian) 著
Hsinchu (Hailu) 著
Dongshi (Dabu) 著
Hsinchu (Raoping) 著
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 著
Huizhou Jixi 對
Jin Taiyuan 對
Xinzhou 對
Min Bei Jian'ou 對, 𣍐錯
Min Dong Fuzhou 著, 無綻
Min Nan Xiamen 著
Quanzhou 著
Zhangzhou 著
Zhao'an 著
Taipei 著
Kaohsiung 著
Tainan 著
Taichung 著
Hsinchu 著
Lukang 著
Sanxia 著
Yilan 著
Kinmen 著
Magong 著
Penang (Hokkien) 著
Singapore (Hokkien) 著
Manila (Hokkien) 著
Chaozhou 對, 著
Shantou 對, 著
Jieyang 著
Singapore (Teochew) 著
Wenchang 著
Haikou 著
Qionghai 著
Singapore (Hainanese) 著
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 對
Wu Shanghai 對
Suzhou 對
Danyang 對
Hangzhou 對
Wenzhou 對
Jinhua 對
Xiang Changsha 對
Shuangfeng 對, 是
  • (pair): (Cantonese) 啤 (pe1)
Dialectal synonyms of 雙 (“pair (of shoes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雙
Mandarin Beijing 雙
Taiwan 雙
Jinan 雙
Xi'an 雙
Wuhan 雙
Chengdu 雙
Yangzhou 雙
Hefei 雙
Cantonese Guangzhou 對
Hong Kong 對
Yangjiang 對
Gan Nanchang 雙
Hakka Meixian 雙
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雙
Liudui (S. Sixian) 雙
Hsinchu (Hailu) 雙
Dongshi (Dabu) 雙
Hsinchu (Raoping) 雙
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 雙
Jin Taiyuan 雙, 對
Min Bei Jian'ou 雙
Min Dong Fuzhou 雙
Min Nan Xiamen 雙
Manila (Hokkien) 雙
Chaozhou 雙
Wu Suzhou 雙
Wenzhou 雙
Xiang Changsha 雙
Shuangfeng 雙

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 對

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (對):
  • → Japanese: 対(たい) (tai); 対(つい) (tsui)
  • → Korean: 대 (對, dae)
  • → Vietnamese: đối (對)

Others:

Further readingEdit

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai

対

Kyūjitai

對

KanjiEdit

對

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 対)

  1. correct, right
  2. facing, opposed

ReadingsEdit

KoreanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 對 (MC tuʌiH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 됭〮 (Yale: twóy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 ᄧᅡᆨ (Yale: pcàk) ᄃᆡ〯 (Yale: tǒy)

PronunciationEdit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛː] ~ [te̞ː]
  • Phonetic hangeul: [대ː/데ː]
    • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae))

  1. Hanja form? of 대 (“to answer; to reply”).
  2. Hanja form? of 대 (“to face; to confront”).
  3. Hanja form? of 대 (“opponent; counterpart”).
  4. Hanja form? of 대 (“opposite; contrasting”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

對: Hán Nôm readings: đỗi, dối, đôi, đối, nhói, tối, tụi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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