Wiktionary

對

See also: 对 and 対
對 U+5C0D, 對
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C0D
← 尌
[U+5C0C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 導 →
[U+5C0E]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Traditional 對
Shinjitai 対
Simplified 对

Han characterEdit

對 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土木戈 (TGDI), four-corner 34100, composition ⿰⿱业𦍌寸)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

trad. 對
simp. 对

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 對
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (對) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
對 *tuːbs
轛 *tuːbs, *tubs
薱 *duːbs
濧 *duːbs
懟 *dubs

In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意): 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦.

In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土.

EtymologyEdit

Exoactive of 答 (OC *tkuːb, “to reply; to answer”) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Note: ùi - towards (a place).
Rime
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都隊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/twəjH/
Li
Rong 		/tuᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/tuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		deoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ twojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]ˁ[u]p-s/
English respond

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 對
Reading # 1/1
No. 2580
Phonetic
component 		對
Rime
group 		內
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		對
Old
Chinese 		/*tuːbs/

DefinitionsEdit

對

  1. correct; true; right
    對啊！ / 对啊！  ―  Duì a!  ―  Correct!
    你說對了。 / 你说对了。  ―  Nǐ shuō duì le.  ―  You're right.
    Synonyms: 不錯／不错 (bùcuò), 沒錯／没错 (méicuò), 冇錯／冇错 (Cantonese)
    Antonym: 錯／错 (cuò)
  2. to treat; to deal with; to take on
    對症下藥 / 对症下药  ―  duìzhèngxiàyào  ―  to prescribe the right medicine for an illness
    對事不對人 / 对事不对人  ―  duì shì bù duì rén  ―  to concern oneself with acts and not with individuals (when settling an issue)
    你怎麼對人家，人家就怎麼對你。 [MSC, trad.]
    你怎么对人家，人家就怎么对你。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme duì rénjiā, rénjiā jiù zěnme duì nǐ. [Pinyin]
    Others treat you the way you treat them.
    刀對刀，槍對槍 / 刀对刀，枪对枪  ―  dāo duì dāo, qiāng duì qiāng  ―  sword against sword; spear against spear
    廣東隊對香港隊 / 广东队对香港队  ―  Guǎngdōng duì duì Xiānggǎng duì  ―  Guangdong competes against Hong Kong
  3. (introducing the recipient of the action) towards; to
    Synonym: 向 (xiàng)
    你對他說了些什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对他说了些什么？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì tā shuō le xiē shénme? [Pinyin]
    What did you say to him?
    從不對困難低頭 / 从不对困难低头  ―  cóng bù duì kùnnán dītóu  ―  to never yield to difficulties
  4. to; with regard to; concerning
    大家對你完全信任。 [MSC, trad.]
    大家对你完全信任。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dàjiā duì nǐ wánquán xìnrèn. [Pinyin]
    Everyone has complete faith in you.
    你為什麼對他那麼好？ [MSC, trad.]
    你为什么对他那么好？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ wèishénme duì tā nàme hǎo? [Pinyin]
    Why do you treat him so well?
    多吃蔬菜對身體好。 [MSC, trad.]
    多吃蔬菜对身体好。 [MSC, simp.]
    Duō chī shūcài duì shēntǐ hǎo. [Pinyin]
    Eating more vegetables is good for the body.
    你對什麼藥物過敏嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对什么药物过敏吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì shénme yàowù guòmǐn ma? [Pinyin]
    Are you allergic to any medications?
    你對這件事有什麼看法？ [MSC, trad.]
    你对这件事有什么看法？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ duì zhè jiàn shì yǒu shénme kànfǎ? [Pinyin]
    What are your views on this issue?
    佢對噉嘅嘢冇咩興趣嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢对噉嘅嘢冇咩兴趣嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 deoi3 gam2 ge3 je5 mou5 me1 hing1 ceoi3 ge3. [Jyutping]
    He doesn't have interest in that sort of thing.
  5. according to; for
    這個成績對我來說已經很好了。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个成绩对我来说已经很好了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge chéngjì duì wǒ lái shuō yǐjīng hěn hǎo le. [Pinyin]
    For me, this result is already very good.
  6. opposite; opposing
    對岸 / 对岸  ―  duì'àn  ―  opposite bank; opposite shore
    對方 / 对方  ―  duìfāng  ―  other party
    對手 / 对手  ―  duìshǒu  ―  opponent
  7. to face
    對著鏡子微笑 / 对着镜子微笑  ―  duì zhe jìngzǐ wēixiào  ―  to smile at the mirror
    窗戶對著馬路。 / 窗户对着马路。  ―  Chuānghù duì zhe mǎlù.  ―  The window faces the road.
    把槍口對準敵人 / 把枪口对准敌人  ―  bǎ qiāngkǒu duìzhǔn dírén  ―  to aim the gun at the enemy
  8. paired; contrasting
    對調 / 对调  ―  duìdiào  ―  to swap
    對立 / 对立  ―  duìlì  ―  to be in opposition to
    對照 / 对照  ―  duìzhào  ―  a comparison; to contrast
    中日對譯 / 中日对译  ―  zhōngrì duìyì  ―  Chinese-Japanese bilingual text
  9. to suit; to fit
    對心思 / 对心思  ―  duì xīnsī  ―  to think the same
  10. to match; to cause two things to match
    對對子 / 对对子  ―  duì duìzǐ  ―  to match an antithetical phrase
    對不上 / 对不上  ―  duì bùshàng  ―  does not match
  11. to respond; to answer
    無言以對 / 无言以对  ―  wúyányǐduì  ―  to be left speechless; to be unable to respond
  12. to check by comparing; to verify by comparing
    對答案 / 对答案  ―  duì dá'àn  ―  to check answers
    對筆跡 / 对笔迹  ―  duì bǐjì  ―  to compare signatures
    對賬 / 对账  ―  duìzhàng  ―  to check bills
  13. to adjust; to set
  14. to mix; to add
  15. to divide in half
  16. couplet
  17. Classifier for pairs of objects: pair
    一對夫婦 / 一对夫妇  ―  yī duì fūfù  ―  a couple
    兩對鞋 / 两对鞋 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 deoi3 haai4 [Jyutping]  ―  two pairs of shoes
    一對燕子 / 一对燕子  ―  yī duì yànzi  ―  a pair of swallows
  18. (Min Nan) from
    我對基隆來。 / 我对基隆来。 [Hokkien]  ―  Góa tùi Ke-lâng lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I come from Keelung.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 對 (“correct”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 是
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正確
Mandarin Beijing 對
Taiwan 對
Tianjin 對
Muping 對
Jinan 對
Wanrong 對
Xi'an 對
Yinchuan 對
Ürümqi 對
Wuhan 對
Chengdu 對
Guiyang 對
Guilin 對
Yangzhou 對
Hefei 對
Malaysia 對
Singapore 對
Cantonese Guangzhou 啱
Hong Kong 啱
Taishan 啱
Yangjiang 著, 啱
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 啱
Singapore (Guangfu) 啱
Gan Nanchang 對
Lichuan 對
Hakka Meixian 著, 啱
Xingning 著
Huidong (Daling) 著
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 著
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 著
Changting 著
Wuping 著
Wuping (Pingyu) 著
Liancheng 著
Ninghua 著
Ruijin 著
Shicheng 著
Shangyou 著
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 著
Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 著
Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 著
Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 著
Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 著
Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 著
Kuching (Hepo) 著
Huizhou Jixi 對
Jin Taiyuan 對
Xinzhou 對
Min Bei Jian'ou 對, 𣍐錯
Min Dong Fuzhou 著, 無綻
Min Nan Xiamen 著
Quanzhou 著
Zhangzhou 著
Zhao'an 著
Taipei 著
New Taipei (Sanxia) 著
Kaohsiung 著
Yilan 著
Changhua (Lukang) 著
Taichung 著
Tainan 著
Hsinchu 著
Kinmen 著
Penghu (Magong) 著
Penang (Hokkien) 著
Singapore (Hokkien) 著
Manila (Hokkien) 著
Chaozhou 著
Shantou 對, 著
Jieyang 對, 著
Singapore (Teochew) 著
Batam (Teochew) 著
Wenchang 著
Haikou 著
Qionghai 著
Singapore (Hainanese) 著
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 對
Wu Shanghai 對
Suzhou 對
Danyang 對
Hangzhou 對
Ningbo 𣍐錯, 對
Wenzhou 對
Jinhua 對
Xiang Changsha 對
Shuangfeng 對, 是
  • (pair): (Cantonese) 啤 (pe1)
Dialectal synonyms of 雙 (“pair (of shoes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雙
Mandarin Beijing 雙
Taiwan 雙
Jinan 雙
Xi'an 雙
Wuhan 雙
Chengdu 雙
Guilin 雙
Yangzhou 雙
Hefei 雙
Malaysia 雙
Singapore 雙
Cantonese Guangzhou 對
Hong Kong 對
Yangjiang 對
Nanning 對
Gan Nanchang 雙
Hakka Meixian 雙
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雙
Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 雙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 雙
Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 雙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 雙
Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 雙
Jin Taiyuan 雙, 對
Min Bei Jian'ou 雙
Min Dong Fuzhou 雙
Min Nan Xiamen 雙
Manila (Hokkien) 雙
Chaozhou 雙
Wu Suzhou 雙
Wenzhou 雙
Xiang Changsha 雙
Shuangfeng 雙

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 對

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (對):
  • → Japanese: 対(たい) (tai); 対(つい) (tsui)
  • → Korean: 대 (對, dae)
  • → Vietnamese: đối (對)

Others:

  • → Ai-Cham: toi⁵
  • → Vietnamese: đôi (“double”)

Further readingEdit

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai

対

Kyūjitai

對

KanjiEdit

對

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 対)

  1. correct, right
  2. facing, opposed

ReadingsEdit

KoreanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 對 (MC tuʌiH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 됭〮 (Yale: twóy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄧᅡᆨ (Yale: pcàk) ᄃᆡ〯 (Yale: tǒy)

PronunciationEdit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)/데(ː)]
    • Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae))

  1. Hanja form? of 대 (“to answer; to reply”). [affix]
  2. Hanja form? of 대 (“to face; to confront”). [verbal root; prefix; affix]
  3. Hanja form? of 대 (“to be about; to concern”). [verbal root; prefix; affix]
  4. Hanja form? of 대 (“pair; contrasting pair”). [noun; affix]
  5. Hanja form? of 대 (“versus”). [noun]
  6. Hanja form? of 대 (“opponent; counterpart; opposite; contrasting”). [affix]

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

對: Hán Nôm readings: đỗi, dối, đôi, đối, nhói, tối, tụi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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