Wiktionary

dus

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dus"

Translingual

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Symbol

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dus

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dumi.

See also

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Catalan

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Verb

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dus

  1. second-person singular present indicative of dur

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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dus

  1. second-person singular imperative of dusit

Danish

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Etymology

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From the pronoun du, under the influence of the obsolete verb duse (“to address informally”), which was borrowed from German duzen.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dus (uninflected)

  1. (largely historical) in a relationship that would warrant use of the informal du, as opposed to the formal De
  2. (by extension) familiar with
    • 2016, Gustav Wied, Livsens ondskab, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:
      Men Landbruget? spurgte Degnen, der jo havde været Dus med Vorherre i femogtyve Aar, baade Hellig og Søgn og derfor tog ham med forholdsvis Ro
      But the farming? the deacon asked, who, as is known, has been intimate with our lord in twenty-five years, on the holidays as on the everydays, and who therefore took him with relative calm
    • 2016, Lars Daneskov, Far på færde, Politikens Forlag, →ISBN:
      Jeg kender mænd, der i perioder har kunnet samtlige tilbud i TV-Shop udenad og været dus med hovedpersonerne i enhver australsk sitcom sendt på en kabelkanal om natten.
      I know men who, in periods, have known all offers in TV-Shop by rote and been highly familiar with the protagonists in each Australian sitcom sent on a cable-channel in the night.
    • 1982, Det Danske bogmarked:
      De fleste af vore seriøse forlag er eller har været mere end dus med begrebet.
      Most of our serious publishers are or have been more than familiar with the concept.
    • 2011, Jesper Kaae, Gratis CMS med Joomla (2. udg), Libris Media A/S, →ISBN, page 81:
      Og faktisk skal du også helst være dus med et billedredigeringsprogram som f. eks. Photoshop.
      And in fact, you should, preferably, be familiar with an image editor like Photoshop.

Usage notes

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The formal De is all but abandoned outside of certain very impersonal contexts, and using du is never rude.

Adverb

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dus

  1. in the phrase drikke dus, "to introduce an informal relationship".

Coordinate terms

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Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch dos, dus, from Old Dutch thus, from Proto-West Germanic *þus.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dʏs/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: dus
  • Rhymes: -ʏs

Adverb

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dus

  1. so, therefore, thus, ergo

Usage notes

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Dus is an unusual adverb in that it does not trigger mandatory inversion when it is placed at the front of a clause, instead inversion is optional: dus zij is beter and dus is zij beter are both correct as fronted variants of zij is dus beter.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: dus
  • → Indonesian: dus
  • → Sranan Tongo: dùs
    • → Caribbean Javanese: dhes

Fala

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese dos, equivalent to de (“of”) +‎ us (masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

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Contraction

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dus m pl (singular du, feminine da, feminine plural das)

  1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) of the

Etymology 2

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Numeral

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dus f (masculine dois)

  1. (Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of dúas (“two”)
Usage notes
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  • In Lagarteiru, this apocopic form is used in place of dúas when preceding a feminine plural noun as part of a noun phrase.

References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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dus

  1. first/second-person singular past historic of devoir

Participle

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dus m pl

  1. masculine plural of dû

Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /duːs/
  • Hyphenation: dus

Contraction

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dus

  1. Contraction of du es.
    • 1843, Brothers Grimm, “Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 1‎[3], 5th edition, pages 3–4:
      „Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf, weißt du nicht was gestern du zu mir gesagt bei dem kühlen Brunnenwasser? Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf.“ Da sagte der König „hast dus versprochen, so mußt dus auch halten; geh nur und mach ihm auf.“
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Guinea-Bissau Creole cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : dus

Etymology

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From Portuguese dois. Cognate with Kabuverdianu dos.

Numeral

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dus

  1. two (2)

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Dutch doos. Doublet of dosis.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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dus

  1. box (a cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container)
    Synonym: kardus

Etymology 2

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From Dutch dus (“thus”).

Particle

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dus

  1. (old-fashioned, now rare) thus, so

Etymology 3

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From Dutch douche. Doublet of douche.

Noun

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dus

  1. (colloquial, rare) shower (a device for bathing by which water is made to fall on the body from a height)

Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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dus

  1. Romanization of ꦢꦸꦱ꧀

Latvian

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Verb

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dus

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of dusēt
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of dusēt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of dusēt

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch thus, from Proto-Germanic *þus.

Adverb

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dus

  1. thus, in this way
  2. therefore

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “dus”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dus”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Miskito

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Noun

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dus

  1. tree

Norman

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Verb

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dus

  1. first-person singular preterite of d'ver

Northern Sami

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Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈtuːs/

Pronoun

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dūs

  1. locative of don

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From du (“you (singular)”), influenced by dus (Etymology 2).

Adjective

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dus (singular and plural dus)

  1. having sufficient lack of formal distance (of interpersonal relationships)
    1. (originally) Being on terms where one may address each other with the 2nd person pronoun du, as opposed to the historically more formal De.
    2. Familiar, intimate
    3. Informal

Antonyms

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Old French

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Noun

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dus m

  1. inflection of duc:
    1. oblique plural
    2. nominative singular

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ziuq (“bathe”), from Proto-Austronesian *diRus (“bathe”). Doublet of dyus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dus

  1. bath

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • "dus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit दुष् (duṣ).

Root

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dus (Pali name dusa)

  1. to be bad, to vex[1]

Derived terms

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Verbs
Nouns
Pali terms belonging to the root dus (0 c, 1 e)

References

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  1. ^ Charles Duroiselle (1921) A Practical Grammar of the Pali Language (overall work in English), Rangoon, section 374: “√dus, to vex. √dus+ya (76, i)=dussa.”

Romanian

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Etymology

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Past participle of duce.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dus n (uncountable)

  1. departure

Declension

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Declension of dus
singular only indefinite definite
nominative-accusative dus dusul
genitive-dative dus dusului
vocative dusule

Adjective

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dus m or n (feminine singular dusă, masculine plural duși, feminine and neuter plural duse)

  1. someone who has left and will not come back
  2. dead
  3. absent-minded
  4. crazy

Declension

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Declension of dus
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-
accusative 		indefinite dus dusă duși duse
definite dusul dusa dușii dusele
genitive-
dative 		indefinite dus duse duși duse
definite dusului dusei dușilor duselor

Verb

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dus (past participle of duce)

  1. past participle of duce

Romansch

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Romansch cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : dus

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin duōs, masculine accusative of duo.

Numeral

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dus m (feminine duas)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) two

Usage notes

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Only Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, and Sutsilvan have a separate feminine form; in Surmiran, dus is epicene.

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