est

See also: Est, EST, êst, èst, ēst, -est, est., and Est.

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

est

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.

English edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛst/
Rhymes: -ɛst

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).

Alternative forms edit

este

Noun edit

est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

(obsolete) Grace; favour.

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

est.

Adjective edit

est (not comparable)

Abbreviation of established.
Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952
- 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:
  Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

Derived terms edit

re-est

Etymology 3 edit

Alternative forms edit

EST, Est

Proper noun edit

est

Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

Anagrams edit

ETS, ETs, SET, STE, Set, StE, Ste, Ste., TEs, TSE, Tse, set, seṭ, tse

Aromanian edit

Alternative forms edit

hiu, escu

Verb edit

est first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative esti, past participle fute)

to be

Conjugation edit

singular				plural
past participle			fute
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	mini	tini	nes, nese, el	noi	voi	nesh, nesi, ei / eyi, eli
present	est	esht	esti	him	hits	sent

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈest]
Audio (file)

Noun edit

est m (uncountable)

east
Synonyms: orient, llevant

a l'est del país
in the east of the country

Cornish edit

Etymology edit

From English east.

Noun edit

est m

east

Synonyms edit

Antonyms edit

Derived terms edit

north-est (“north-east”)
soth-est (“south-east”)

Corsican edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
Hyphenation: est

Noun edit

est m (uncountable)

Alternative form of este

References edit

“este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Danish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈɛsd̥]

Verb edit

est

(archaic) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
- 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19:
  Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...
  Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...
- 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152:
  Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!
  I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

Elfdalian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.

Noun edit

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est m

horse

Declension edit

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Declension of est

masculine	singular		plural
masculine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	est	estn	ester	estär
accusative	est	estn	esta	estą
dative	este	estem	estum	estum(e)
genitive	-	estemes	-	estumes

French edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛst/
Rhymes: -ɛst

Adjective edit

est (invariable)

east

Noun edit

est m (uncountable)

east

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

→ Asturian: este
→ Catalan: est
→ Corsican: este, est
→ Galician: leste
→ Italian: est
→ Occitan: èst
→ Portuguese: este, → leste
→ Romanian: est
→ Spanish: este

Synonyms edit

orient, levant

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison) /ɛ.t‿/, (in liaison) /e.t‿/
Homophones: aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es (general), haie, haies, hais, hait (aspirated)

Verb edit

est

third-person singular present indicative of être

Hungarian edit

Etymology edit

From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃt]
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛʃt

Noun edit

est (plural estek)

(archaic) evening, eve
Synonym: este
(literary, by extension) recital, party (in the evening)
műsoros est ― an evening with entertainment

Declension edit

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	est	estek
accusative	estet	esteket
dative	estnek	esteknek
instrumental	esttel	estekkel
causal-final	estért	estekért
translative	estté	estekké
terminative	estig	estekig
essive-formal	estként	estekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	estben	estekben
superessive	esten	esteken
adessive	estnél	esteknél
illative	estbe	estekbe
sublative	estre	estekre
allative	esthez	estekhez
elative	estből	estekből
delative	estről	estekről
ablative	esttől	estektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	esté	esteké
non-attributive possessive - plural	estéi	estekéi

Possessive forms of est
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	estem	estjeim
2nd person sing.	ested	estjeid
3rd person sing.	estje	estjei
1st person plural	estünk	estjeink
2nd person plural	estetek	estjeitek
3rd person plural	estjük	estjeik

Derived terms edit

Compound words

References edit

^ est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
^ est in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
^ Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (’Explanatory Dictionary Plus’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN

Italian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛst
Hyphenation: èst

Noun edit

est m (invariable)

east
Synonyms: oriente, levante

Anagrams edit

'ste, set

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /est/, [ɛs̠t̪]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]

Verb edit

est

third-person singular present active indicative of sum
Marcus agricola est. ― "Marcus is a farmer."

Est senex. ― "He is old."

Est puella in vīllā. ― "There is a girl in the villa."

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:est.

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Asturian: ye
Catalan: és
French: est
Galician: é
Italian: è
Portuguese: é
Romanian: este, e
Sardinian: est
Spanish: es

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti; form of the verb edō (“I eat”). Cognate with Russian есть (jestʹ), Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /eːst/, [eːs̠t̪]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]

Verb edit

ēst

third-person singular present active indicative of edō
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.66–67:
  Ēst mollis flamma medullās
  intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.
  A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
  meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.

Synonyms edit

edit

References edit

“est”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Ligurian edit

Noun edit

est m (please provide plural)

east (cardinal point)

Middle English edit

Alternative forms edit

æst, este, eest, east, easte

Etymology edit

From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *austr.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛːst/

Noun edit

est

east, easternness
A location to the south; the south
The Orient

Coordinate terms edit

(compass point): north, south, west

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

English: east
- → Cornish: est
Scots: aist, eist

References edit

“ēst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adverb edit

est

To the east, eastwards, eastbound
From the east, eastern
In the east

Descendants edit

English: east
Scots: aist, eist

Middle French edit

Verb edit

est

third-person singular present indicative of estre

Norman edit

Alternative forms edit

êt (continental Normandy)
êst (Jersey)

Etymology edit

From Old French, from Old English ēast.

Noun edit

est m (uncountable)

(Guernsey, Sark) east

Old English edit

Alternative forms edit

ǣst

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnaną (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”).

Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favour”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /eːst/

Noun edit

ēst m or f (nominative plural ēste)

consent, grace, favor; kindness
pleasure

Declension edit

Masculine

Declension of est (strong i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ēst	ēstas
accusative	ēst	ēstas
genitive	ēstes	ēsta
dative	ēste	ēstum

Feminine

Declension of est (strong i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ēst	ēste, ēsta
accusative	ēst, ēste	ēste, ēsta
genitive	ēste	ēsta
dative	ēste	ēstum

Synonyms edit

ār, āre

Descendants edit

Middle English: este
- English: est, este (obsolete)

Old French edit

Alternative forms edit

ẽ

Verb edit

est

third-person singular present indicative of estre

Old Norse edit

Verb edit

est

second-person singular present active indicative of vera

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Noun edit

est n (uncountable)

east
Synonyms: orient, răsărit

Declension edit

declension of est (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) est	estul
genitive/dative	(unui) est	estului
vocative	estule

Coordinate terms edit

(compass points) punct cardinal;

Native Romanian

	miazănoapte
apus		răsărit
	miazăzi

Borrowed from French/German

nord-vest	nord	nord-est
vest		est
sud-vest	sud	sud-est

Sardinian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈest/

Verb edit

est

third-person singular present indicative of èssere

Scots edit

Alternative forms edit

aest

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /eːst/, /øst/

Noun edit

est (uncountable)

(Orkney) envy

Verb edit

est (third-person singular simple present ests, present participle estan, simple past ested, past participle ested)

(Orkney) To envy.

References edit

“est, n. and v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Swedish edit

Pronunciation edit

audio (file)

Noun edit

est c

Estonian; a person from Estonia

Declension edit

Declension of est
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	est	esten	ester	esterna
Genitive	ests	estens	esters	esternas

Anagrams edit

Set, set, tes

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /eːsd/, [eːst], /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
Rhymes: -ɛsd

Verb edit

est

second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

Synonyms edit

aethost (literary)

[1] st in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

[2] est in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

[3] Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (’Explanatory Dictionary Plus’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

nord-oest (n-occ)	nord (sept)	nord-est (n-or)
oest (occ)		est (or)
sud-oest (s-occ)	sud (mer)	sud-est (s-or)

est

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

English edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

Adjective edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Alternative forms edit

Proper noun edit

Anagrams edit

Aromanian edit

Alternative forms edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

See also edit

Further reading edit

Cornish edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Synonyms edit

Antonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Corsican edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

References edit

Danish edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Elfdalian edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

French edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Synonyms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Alternative forms edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Hungarian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Italian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

See also edit

Anagrams edit

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Quotations edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit