ʼ
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Translingual Edit
Etymology Edit
Use for glottal stop derives from the apostrophe, for example in Hawaiian (now replaced by the okina to distinguish it from an actual apostrophe).
Use to mark ejective consonants started with transliteration of Georgian script; it was an adaptation of the spiritus lenis and contrasted with the spiritus asper used to mark aspirated consonants, as the most salient distinctive feature of Georgian ejectives was that they were not aspirated. Usage extended from there to other languages with ejective consonants.
Symbol Edit
ʼ
- (IPA) an ejective consonant
- e.g. [kʼ], [tʼ], [sʼ].
- transliteration of Semitic glottal stop (aleph and hamza).
- Synonym: ʾ
Usage notes Edit
Americanist phonetic notation may use a combining diacritic ⟨◌̓⟩ for ejective consonants.
Further reading Edit
- Modifier letter apostrophe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Armenian Edit
Punctuation mark Edit
՚ • (’)
- Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʿarcʿ)
- In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
- ՚ի տուն ― ’i tun ― to home
- In literary Western Armenian, replaces reduced vowels, especially in the case of the particles կը (kə), մը (mə), չի (čʿi).
- կ՚ըսէ ― k’əsē ― says
- չ’երթար ― čʿ’ertʿar ― doesn't go
- In transliterating European proper nouns with apostrophes, such as names with the particles d’, O', transliterates the apostrophe.
- Ժաննա դ’Արկ ― Žanna d’Ark ― Joan of Arc
- In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
See also Edit
- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
- (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍
Avokaya Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
Bodo (India) Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ (ʼ)
Cayuga Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- Alternative form of ˀ
Chamorro Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The first letter of the Chamorro alphabet, used for the glottal stop.
Chiwere Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- A letter of the Chiwere alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Chukchi Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ (ʼ)
- The thirty-seventh letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.
See also Edit
Dogri Edit
ʼ (ʼ)
- Low rising tone on a short vowel /ə ɪ ʊ/, e.g. लʼत्त /lə̌tː/ 'leg'.
Guaraní Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The thirty-third letter of the Guarani alphabet, called puso, used for the glottal stop.
Khoekhoe Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
Kwakʼwala Edit
Alternative forms Edit
- ʔ in Liqʼwala dialect
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Lakota Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- A letter of the Lakota alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also Edit
- (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), Aŋ aŋ (Áŋ áŋ), B b, Č č, Čh čh, Čʼ čʼ, E e (É é), G g, Ǧ ǧ, H h, Ȟ ȟ, Ȟʼ ȟʼ, I i (Í í), Iŋ iŋ (Íŋ íŋ), K k, Kh kh, Kȟ kȟ, Kʼ kʼ, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó), P p, Ph ph, Pȟ pȟ, Pʼ pʼ, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Š š, Šʼ šʼ, T t, Th th, Tȟ tȟ, Tʼ tʼ, U u (Ú ú), Uŋ uŋ (Úŋ úŋ), W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, ʼ
Lashi Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- High-falling lexical tone.
Usage notes Edit
A final glottal stop is unwritten on syllables with this tone. Thus aʼ transcribes both /a᷇/ and /a᷇ʔ/. Full falling tone is unmarked, except for syllables with a final glottal stop, which is transcribed ⟨,⟩.
Lhao Vo Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
Usage notes Edit
A final glottal stop is unwritten. Thus /a/ with a final plosive and high tone is written abʼ adʼ agʼ aʼ for [áp át ák áʔ]. High tone is written ⟨ˮ⟩ with a final vowel or nasal.
Lisu Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
Usage notes Edit
- Used to indicate nasalisation and is combined with tone marks.
Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The nineteenth letter of the Navajo alphabet. It is used before or after a vowel to indicate a glottal stop.
Usage notes Edit
Every Navajo word begins with either the glottal stop or another consonant. If an orthographic vowel begins a word, it is pronounced with a glottal stop: ooljééʼ (sometimes spelled ʼooljééʼ).
⟨ʼ⟩ forms the following Navajo letters: chʼ, kʼ, tʼ, tłʼ, tsʼ.
See also Edit
Oʼodham Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The letter of the O'odham alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Seneca Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The letter of the Seneca alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Somali Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The first letter of the Somali alphabet, called alef and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes Edit
- This is the first letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is followed by B. It is rarely used in the initial position.
See also Edit
Tabasaran Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The forty-eighth letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.
See also Edit
Tundra Nenets Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Letter Edit
ʼ
- The thirty-fifth letter of the Tundra Nenets alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.
Usage notes Edit
Marks instances of the glottal stop /ʔ/ that alternate with nasal consonants н (n°) /n/, ӈ (ŋ°) /ŋ/ in inflection, in contrast with the letter ˮ. Often transcribed h in scholarly works.