ἔνθα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἔνθ’ (énth’) – apocopic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ím, accusative case of *éy (“that”). Cognate with Tocharian B entwe (“then, thereupon”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /én.tʰa/ → /ˈen.θa/ → /ˈen.θa/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /én.tʰa/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈen.tʰa/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈen.θa/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈen.θa/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈen.θa/

Adverb

ἔνθᾰ • (éntha)

1. (demonstrative) there, thither (location or movement)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.231:

     ἔνθ’ Ὕπνῳ ξύμβλητο κασιγνήτῳ Θανάτοιο

     énth’ Húpnōi xúmblēto kasignḗtōi Thanátoio

     There she met Sleep, the brother of Death.

   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.23:

     ἔνθ’ ἐλθὼν ὑπ’ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδ’ ἵππω

     énth’ elthṑn hup’ ókhesphi titúsketo khalkópod’ híppō

     Thither came he, and let harness beneath his car his two bronze hooved horses

2. (demonstrative) thereupon, then
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.1:

     ἔνθ’ αὖ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη δῶκε μένος καὶ θάρσος

     énth’ aû Tudeḯdēi Diomḗdeï Pallàs Athḗnē dôke ménos kaì thársos

     And then to Tydeus' son, Diomedes, Pallas Athene gave might and courage.

3. (relative) where, whither (location or movement)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.610:

     Ζεὺς δὲ πρὸς ὃν λέχος ἤϊ’ [...], ἔνθα πάρος κοιμᾶθ’ ὅτε μιν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἱκάνοι:

     Zeùs dè pròs hòn lékhos ḗï’ [...], éntha páros koimâth’ hóte min glukùs húpnos hikánoi:

     And Zeus [...] went to his couch, where of old he took his rest, whenever sweet sleep came upon him.

4. (relative) when
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.4.15:

     μάλα ἔστιν ἔνθα ἰσχυρῶς ὠφελοῦσι σφενδονῆται παρόντες

     mála éstin éntha iskhurôs ōpheloûsi sphendonêtai paróntes

     there are occasions when the presents of slingers is of very effective assistance

Synonyms

• (there): ἐκεῖ (ekeî), ἐνταῦθᾰ (entaûtha), τόθῐ (tóthi), ἐκεῖσε (ekeîse), αὐτοῦ (autoû)
• (then): τότε (tóte), ᾰ̓́ρᾰ (ára), ἔπειτᾰ (épeita)
• (where): ὅθῐ (hóthi), ὅποι (hópoi), οἷ (hoî), ᾗ (hêi), ῐ̔́νᾰ (hína)
• (when): ὅτε (hóte), εὖτε (eûte), ὁπότε (hopóte), ἐπεί (epeí)

Derived terms

• ἔνθᾰ καὶ ἔνθᾰ (éntha kaì éntha)
• ἐνθᾰ́δε (entháde, “here, there, now”)
• ἔνθᾰπερ (énthaper)
• ἐνταῦθα (entaûtha, “here, there, hither”)

Related terms

• ἔνθεν (énthen)

See also

Ancient Greek correlatives ^(edit)

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα		ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

Further reading

• “ἔνθα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔνθα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔνθα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔνθα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἔνθα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἔνθα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
• “ἔνθα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • where idem, page 975.
  • whither idem, page 977.